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Liquid paraffin
About: Liquid paraffin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6185 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52956 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of surface modification of zinc borate ultrafine powders (ZB UFPs) on their tribological properties as lubricant additives in liquid paraffin (LP) were investigated.
31 citations
TL;DR: This bioprocess engineering approach resulted in induction of shikonin and alkannin derivatives, whereupon it may be recruited for production of these important secondary metabolites.
Abstract: An in vitro cell suspension culture of Echium italicum was established and assayed for the production of shikonin and alkannin derivatives. Callus tissues were induced from cotyledon explants of the plant incubated onto the solidified B5 medium. A two-liquid-phase system suspension culture was then established to elicit pigments of shikonin and alkannin derivatives using liquid paraffin. The presence of liquid paraffin efficiently induced production of pigments in cultured cells. The production and/or accumulation of these compounds in the E. italicum cells was examined using fluorescence microscopy as the naphthoquinone molecules display autofluorescent properties. Phytochemical analysis of the n-hexane extract of the medium was also carried out using preparative HPLC. The chemical structure of shikonin and alkannin derivatives were characterized by UV, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR techniques. Based on our findings, this bioprocess engineering approach resulted in induction of shikonin and alkannin derivatives, whereupon it may be recruited for production of these important secondary metabolites.
31 citations
TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that garlic may exert its chemopreventive effect by inducing apoptosis as revealed by the absence of neoplasms, induction of tTG and inhibition of Bcl-2 expression.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of acetone drops onto molten paraffin as a direct-contact solidification method is experimentally investigated to get a better insight into the interaction between the drop boiling and the heat extraction process from the phase change materials during impact.
Abstract: The boiling of a fluid dripping on the surface of molten phase-change materials provides an efficient means for heat exchange or cooling of the melt. For the first time, in this study, the impact of acetone drops onto molten paraffin as a direct-contact solidification method is experimentally investigated to get a better insight into the interaction between the drop boiling and the heat extraction process from the phase change materials during impact. As the acetone drop impacts the molten paraffin surface, acetone starts to boil, and a portion of molten paraffin is solidified. Four impact Weber numbers (corresponding to heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm) for the acetone drop and six surface temperatures for the molten paraffin (66, 68, 70, 75, 80, and 90 °C) are considered. Given the range of these two parameters, four distinct regimes of impact were observed using a high-speed camera and categorized, including the formation of the crater, crown, returned liquid paraffin column (jet), and the drop pinching off from the jet tip. Moreover, as We increased or the paraffin surface temperature decreased, the solidified paraffin’s on the molten surface grew. A correlation was obtained based on the impact Weber number and surface temperature of molten paraffin to determine the spread of solidified paraffin area on the melt free surface after drop impact. Results also showed that both the maximum crater depth and width increase with the increment of both the molten paraffin temperature and the impact Weber number.
31 citations
TL;DR: The preparation of cell-enclosing hyaluronic acid microparticles with solid core and microcapsules with liquid core through cell-friendly horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed hydrogelation and the growth of the enclosed HepG2 cells was enhanced by decreasing the HRP concentration.
Abstract: This article describes the preparation of cell-enclosing hyaluronic acid (HA) microparticles with solid core and microcapsules with liquid core through cell-friendly horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed hydrogelation. The spherical vehicles were made from HA derivative possessing phenolic hydroxyl moieties (HA-Ph) cross-linkable through the enzymatic reaction by extruding cell-suspending HA-Ph aqueous solution containing HRP from a needle of 180 μm in inner diameter into the ambient coaxial flow of liquid paraffin containing H2O2 in a microtubule of 600 μm in diameter. By altering the flow rate of liquid paraffin, the diameters of gelatin and HA-Ph microparticles were varied in the range of 120–220 μm and 100–300 μm, respectively. The viability of the enclosed human hepatoma HepG2 cells in the HA-Ph microparticles of 180 μm in diameter was 94.2 ± 2.3%. The growth of the enclosed HepG2 cells was enhanced by decreasing the HRP concentration. The microcapsules of 200 μm in diameter were obtained by extruding HA-Ph aqueous solution containing thermally liquefiable cell-enclosing gelatin microparticles of 150 μm in diameter using the same microfluidic system. The enclosed cells grew and filled the cavity within 10 days. Spherical tissues covered with a heterogeneous cell layer were obtained by degrading the microcapsule membrane using hyaluronidase after covering the surface with a heterogeneous cell layer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43107.
30 citations