Liquid paraffin

About: Liquid paraffin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6185 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52956 citations.

Candle-shaped luminary

Abstract: The invention relates to a candle-shaped luminary, primarily intended for use in churches, chapels and other places of worship, which includes a cylindrical pipe, preferably made of a plastic material, with an outer jacket that is provided with a wax, stearin or imitation wax coating. A container of liquid fuel, preferably liquid wax or liquid paraffin, with a wick that extends from the upper side of the container through a wick-guiding tube, is mounted exchangeably inside the pipe. The exchangeable container is provided with an upper cover which corresponds to the width of the pipe, which abuts seamlessly against or on the upper edge of the pipe after the fuel is inserted, resulting in the exact image of the upper front area of a natural candle.

Foreign body granulomata of the lungs due to liquid paraffin.

Abstract: HISTORICAL The recognition of oil granulomata of the lung followed the use of oils as a vehicle for medicaments and radio-opaque substances in diagnostic bronchography. Rosenberg (1885) used menthol in olive oil for the treatment of tuberculous laryngitis. This treatment was fairly widely adopted. Following the discovery of the efficacy of chaulmoogra oil as a treatment for leprosy this oil was substituted for the menthol by Lukens (1922). They believed that medicated oils did not penetrate further than the larynx. This was disproved by GuieyssePellissier (1920), who showed, in rabbits, that olive oil injected into the larynx could be demonstrated in the alveoli within six hours. Corper and Freed (1922) showed that oil placed in the nasal cavity was also carried to the alveoli. Laughlen (1925) first described cases of lipoid pneumonia following the use of nose drops of which the base was liquid paraffin. Pinkerton (1927) described six cases in which he could trace the pathogenesis from a simple lipoid pneumonia to a discrete fibrotic oil granuloma. Graef (1935) suggested that mineral oils gain entrance to the lungs by (a) not irritating the surface of the pharyngeal mucosa and so not exciting a cough reflex; (b) the presence of mild anaesthetic substances in the mineral oil, such as menthol, enhancing the passage of the oil into the trachea; (c) a defect of the cilia in chronic respiratory infections; and (d) loss of the cough reflex in weakand debilitated patients. Ikeda (1937) distinguished between infantile and adult forms of lipoid pneumonia. The \" infantile form\" can occur in infants and the aged. This lesion, usually of a diffuse nature, is essentially an interstitial proliferative inflammation not infrequently combined with exudative pneumonia. The \" adult type,\" usually localized, mostly occurs among older persons as a result of the habitual self-administration of oil in large amounts by mouth or intra-nasally over a long period, and occasionally also as a result of direct intra-tracheal instillation. Ikeda pointed out the clinical and radiographical difficulty of distinguishing these \"adult \" lesions from other intrapulmonary lesions.

Modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by ethanolic neem leaf extract during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Abstract: Chemoprevention by medicinal plants is a promising approach for controlling cancer. There is substantial evidence to indicate that chemopreventive agents exert their anticarcinogenic effects by modulation of phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, we examined the chemopreventive potential of ethanolic neem leaf extract (ENLE) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. Hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals each. The right buccal pouches of animals in Group 1 were painted with 0.5 per cent DMBA in liquid paraffin three times per week. Animals in Group 2 painted with DMBA as in group 1, received in addition, intragastric administration of ENLE at a concentration of 200 mg/kg bw three times per week on days alternate to DMBA application. Group 3 was given ENLE alone. Animals in Group 4 served as controls. All animals were killed after an experimental period of 14 weeks. Five out of six hamsters painted with DMBA alone developed squamous cell carcinomas in the buccal pouch. The HBP tumours showed an increase in phase I carcinogen activation (cytochrome P450 and b 5 ) and phase II detoxification enzyme (glutathione-S-transferase, DT-diaphorase and NADPH-diaphorase) activities. In the liver of tumour-bearing animals, enhanced cytochrome P450 and b 5 levels were accompanied by a decrease in phase II detoxification enzyme activities. Administration of ENLE effectively suppressed DMBA-induced HBP tumours, decreased cytochrome P450 and b 5 levels, and enhanced phase II enzyme activities in the pouch and liver. Our results suggest that the modulation of DMBA metabolism is a possible mechanism for the chemopreventive effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract.

Nonlinear crystal growth in the mixture of isotactic polypropylene and liquid paraffin

Abstract: La fonction decrivant la variation temporelle du rayon des spherolites depend du temps. La variation avec la temperature de la vitesse d'augmentation du rayon dans les stades initiaux de la cristallisation est decrite par la theorie de Hoffman-Lauritzen et une transition du regime II au regime III est observee quand la temperature de cristallisation diminue