Showing papers on "Literature survey published in 1970"
TL;DR: The literature on the microbiological changes involving inorganic nitrogen has been extensively surveyed and the known essential characteristics of the identifiable processes have been listed under the appropriate headings as discussed by the authors, where the nutritional and other requirements of the organisms involved have been described in some detail, as have methods for inhibiting the processes.
425 citations
TL;DR: A literature survey of quaternary ammonium, sulfonium, and phosphonium polymers can be found in this article, where the authors present a number of examples.
Abstract: This paper is a literature survey of quaternary ammonium, sulfonium, and phosphonium polymers.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent developments in the concepts and models used to describe high-energy collisions of fundamental particles are reviewed, with emphasis on the difficulties as well as the successes of models employing only Regge poles.
Abstract: Recent developments in the concepts and models used to describe high-energy collisions of fundamental particles are reviewed. The areas of appreciable activity in research in high-energy physics are surveyed briefly and the general framework for the description of processes at high energies is outlined. There follows a sampling of recent experimental data designed to show the extent and detail of present-day experimental results. Recent applications of Regge pole models are reviewed with emphasis on the difficulties as well as the successes of models employing only Regge poles. The various multiple-scattering models are then discussed and correlated by means of the methods of Glauber. The connection of these models with amplitudes having branch cuts in the angular-momentum plane (Regge cuts) is described, as well as some comparisons with experiment. Finite energy sum rules as a means of relating the low-energy and high-energy domains are discussed in some detail. Next, the far-reaching concept of duality whereby the direct-channel resonances are (in some sense) the crossed-channel Regge exchanges is described, along with the related ideas of exchange degeneracy, the special role of the Pomeranchon Regge pole, and duality diagrams. An explicit realization of duality is achieved in the Veneziano model. This model is discussed in some detail for the relatively simple and interesting example of pion-pion scattering. Brief mention is also made of the extensions of the Veneziano model to the $n$-particle amplitude, attempts at unitarization, and various applications. The topic of multiparticle final states is covered relatively briefly with emphasis on the applications of double Regge pole exchange to three-body final states, the calculation of proton and pion energy and angular distributions in proton-proton collisions by means of the multi-Regge exchange model, and the generation of self-consistent Regge singularities with the multi-Regge exchange model and unitarity. The final section of the review concerns recent results on pion-pion scattering phase shifts and also $K\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shifts, and some remarks on theorems connecting decay correlations of resonances with the mechanism of production. The literature survey ended, with a few exceptions, in May 1969.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) applications in service operations, focusing on profit and supply chain-oriented service business practices.
Abstract: Despite Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) being a strategic technique for creation of error free service operation, detailed survey study and development of opportunity roadmap for FMEA application in service operation is limited in literature. We presented a preliminary literature survey between 1994 and 2010 that covers 20 journals from 8 different literature databases. The result of our preliminary survey indicated that majority of previous service FMEA studies focused on profit and supply chain-oriented service business practices. New service FMEA research opportunities relating to enhancement in Risk Priority Number (RPN), reprioritization, versatility of its application in service supply chain framework and non-profit service sector as well as combination with other quality control tools are proposed for further investigations.
34 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study of ORGANIC and LIME was conducted and it was concluded that SUCH SOILS can be stabilised by the addition of LIME.
Abstract: AFTER A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY ON SOIL-LIME REACTIONS AND THE PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC SOILS, LABORATORY STUDIES OF DIFFERENT INORGANIC AND ORGANIC SOILS SHOWED THAT THE ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL (PLASTICITY, STRENGTH, ETC.) WERE IMPROVED BY THE ADDITION OF LIME. CHANGES IN PH OF SOIL-LIME MIXTURES SHOWED THAT INCREASED LEVELS OF LIME TREATMENT WERE ABLE TO SATISFY THE BASE EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF THE ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SOIL AND INITIATED THE SOIL-LIME REACTION. A MINERALOGICAL INVESTIGATION WAS PERFORMED ON MIXTURES OF ORGANIC SOILS AND LIME: THE X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSES SHOWED THE PRESENCE OF CEMENTITIOUS PRODUCTS SIMILAR TO THOSE REPORTED FOR THE INORGANIC SOIL-LIME REACTIONS. THE TESTED SOILS CONTAINED UP TO 20% OF ORGANIC MATTER. PREVIOUS RESEARCH AT LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY HAD SHOWN THAT THE MAJORITY OF ORGANIC SOILS IN LOUISIANA HAVE NO MORE THAN 20% OF ORGANIC MATERIALS. BASED ON THIS STUDY, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT SUCH ORGANIC SOILS CAN BE STABILIZED BY THE ADDITION OF LIME. /LSU/
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a literature survey covering the three major theories of combustor analysis, turbulent flame speed, microvolume burning, and stirred reactors is briefly summarized, and based on the results of the literature survey, a combustor model composed of stirred reactors was proposed.
Abstract: analytical model for the design of tubular gas turbine combustors is developed by combining the desirable portions of several models from the literature. A literature survey covering the three major theories of combustor analysis, turbulent flame speed, microvolume burning, and stirred reactors is briefly summarized. Based on the results of the literature survey a combustor model composed of stirred reactors is proposed. A kinetic formulation for the combustion of propane in a single-staged stirred reactor is developed, and limited results are presented.
25 citations
01 Jul 1970-Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A: Physics and Chemistry
TL;DR: Kinetic rate-constant data are not available covering all reactions of interest, but those that are reported indicate that catalytic recombination of oxygen atoms can probably compete successfully with normal flame processes which require them.
Abstract: Evidence is beginning to accumulate indicating that catalytic recombination of oxygen atoms may be the mechanism of extinction of flames by halogenated extinguishing agents. The literature of flame inhibition and of oxygen atom chemistry has been examined to ascertain whether the available data would support such a mechanism. Considerable sustentative evidence was found. Kinetic rate-constant data are not available covering all reactions of interest, but those that are reported indicate that catalytic recombination of oxygen atoms can probably compete successfully with normal flame processes which require them.
25 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors made a survey on the effect of the size and shape of an aggregate on the ability of an agregate to resist skid resistances.
Abstract: THE LITERATURE SURVEY WAS MADE ON BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXTURES TO EVALUATE THE FUNCTION OF NATURAL AGGREGATES AND CRUSHED AGGREGATES IN THE MIXTURE. OPINIONS AND CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF AGGREGATE SIZE AND GRADATION ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES ARE NOT COMPLETELY CONSISTENT. HOWEVER, IT IS AGREED THAT THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF AN AGGREGATE IS IMPORTANT WITH REGARD TO SKID RESISTANCE OF THE PAVEMENT, THE PERCENTAGE ASPHALT NEEDED IN THE MIXTURE, AND THE WORKABILITY AND ECONOMY OF THE MIXTURE. AGGREGATE GRADATION AND SIZE RANGE INFLUENCE THE STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIXTURE, PERMEABILITY, ASPHALT CONTENT, ECONOMY, WORKABILITY, AND SKID RESISTENCE. AGGREGATE SHAPE IS DISCUSSED IN THE LITERATURE PRIMARILY IN TERMS OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NATURAL AGGREGATES (GRAVELS AND SANDS) AND CRUSHED AGGREGATES (CRUSHED GRAVEL OR CRUSHED STONE). THE LITERATURE INDICATES THAT THE SHAPE OF THE AGGREGATE HAS AN APPRECIABLE EFFECT ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MIXTURE, ON THE PROPER ASPHALT CONTENT, AND ON THE VOIDS RELATIONSHIP. THE GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE PRINCIPLE THAT THE SHAPE OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE IS CRITICAL WITH REGARD TO PROPERTIES OF GRADED MIXTURES SEEMS TO APPLY ONLY TO OPEN-GRADED MIXTURES. THE LITERATURE INDICATES THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FINE AGGREGATE FRACTION ARE DOMINANT FOR DENSE-GRADED MIXTURES. AGGREGATE SHAPE IS ALSO IMPORTANT IN ITS EFFECT ON SKID RESISTANCE. THE EFFECT OF SURFACE TEXTURE IS OFTEN RELATED TO GRADING IN ITS INFLUENCE ON THE STABILITY OF AGGREGATES.
23 citations
TL;DR: A literature survey in the field of solidification and casting is available on request as mentioned in this paper, along with a general list of pertinent books, handbooks, conferences, review articles and journals.
20 citations
TL;DR: The most suitable experimental method appeared to be that of Avery (1952) and the variations of the method (discussed by Humphreys-Owen 1961) were investigated as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: To understand heat transfer within and from a particle laden flame requires the knowledge of the radiation absorption and scattering properties of the particles. These properties can be defined in terms of the complex refractive index. A literature survey failed to reveal measurements of the complex refractive index of high temperature particles of any material. The most suitable experimental method appeared to be that of Avery (1952) and the variations of the method (discussed by Humphreys-Owen 1961) were investigated. The complex refractive indices were measured on a flat, macrosized sample of spectral graphite, on particles of SiO2 and pulverized coal, all at room temperature and on pulverized coal in a flame at about 1700 K. The experimental method adopted used a photomultiplier and amplifying system to detect the modulated monochromatic light reflected by the sample, the polarized components of the reflected light being selected by a motor driven polarizing chopper. Two methods of calculation were compared and it was concluded that the least squares method of calculation using a computer was preferred to the more generally used graphical method. Some of the assumptions made and the limitations to the theory are discussed, including a modified definition of the complex refractive index for particles of various shapes.
18 citations
01 Mar 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a literature survey was conducted to determine the state of the art of measuring and predicting aerodynamic characteristics of oscillating airfoils, and a two-dimensional NACA 0012 airfoil oscillating sinusoidally in pitch was measured by two techniques.
Abstract: : A literature survey was conducted to determine the state of the art of measuring and predicting aerodynamic characteristics of oscillating airfoils. Aerodynamic forces on a two-dimensional NACA 0012 airfoil oscillating sinusoidally in pitch were measured by two techniques. The forces were obtained from pressure measurements and by means of strain gage balances. Pressure measurements were made on the airfoil oscillating in pitch about the quarter-chord point at various mean angles of attack. Strain gage balance readings were obtained for models with pitch axis located at 25, 37, and 50 percent chord points oscillating about various mean angles. Direct force measurements were employed in an effort to obtain drag data. Instantaneous pressure distributions are presented for representative oscillating conditions.
TL;DR: A research project is under way to determine methods of brick and block laying which will, through the training of new and existing operatives, lead to greater productivity and to set these methods down in a Training Manual as mentioned in this paper.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the time trend in the use of STUDDED TIRES, FACTORS inFLUENCING WEAR, and the DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS of BITUMINOUS OVERLAY DESIGNED to resist WEAR.
Abstract: THE SERIOUSNESS OF THE WEAR OF PAVEMENT SURFACINGS IS UNDERLINED. THE FIRST PART OUTLINES THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS IN SWEDEN CONVERNING PAVEMENT WEAR AND SKIDDING, AND INCLUDES THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS CONCERNING THE RESISTANCE TO WEAR OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURFACING MATERIAL AND THEIR REPAIR. THE SECOND PART DISCUSSES THE TIME TREND IN THE USE OF STUDDED TIRES, FACTORS INFLUENCING WEAR, AND THE DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF BITUMINOUS OVERLAY DESIGNED TO RESIST WEAR. IN SWEDEN WHERE 60 PERCENT OF ALL VEHICLES ARE EQUIPPED WITH STUDDED TIRES, THE PAVEMENTS ARE BADLY DETERIORATING THROUGH WEAR. THE SWEDISH ROAD ADMINISTRATION ESTIMATES THAT THE COST OF WEAR IN 1968-69 AMOUNTED TO SEVERAL MILLION DOLLARS. SKID TESTS MADE BY THE SWEDISH ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE SHOW THAT STUDDED TIRES ARE EFFECTIVE ON ICY SURFACES NEAR FREEZING TEMPERATURE BUT NOT SO ON SANDED ICY SURFACES, PACKED SNOW OR VERY COLD ICE. LABORATORY AND OUTDOORS STUDIES AND TESTS ON AN EXPERIMENTAL ROAD TRACK INDICATE THAT (A) BITUMINOUS MIXTURES TOPPED WITH PRECOATED CHIPPINGS SHOWED MUCH BETTER WEAR RESISTANCE BY STUDDED TIRES THAN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE AND FINE STONE-FILLED SHEET MATS AND (B) PORTLAND CEMENT PAVEMENTS SUFFER SEVERE WEAR. THE WEAR RATE HOWEVER DIMINISHES GRADUALLY AS THE COARSE AGGREGATES BECOME EXPOSED ON THE SURFACE AND FINALLY DECREASES SEVERAL TIMES IN COMPARISON TO THE INITIAL TRAFFIC PERIOD. A LITERATURE SURVEY AND SPECIAL STUDIES SHOW THAT STUDDED TIRES ARE GAINING POPULARITY IN NORTHERN UNITED STATES AND CANADA. WEAR RATE OF PAVEMENTS IN MONTREAL BY ORDINARY TIRES HAVE BEEN DETERMINED. FACTORS AFFECTING WEAR RATE AND DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES ARE IDENTIFIED. /AUTHOR/
01 Feb 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, a characteristic flocculated sample of deep-sea sediment was used for a literature survey on deep sea sediments and flows, including scour and deposition of cohesive sediments.
Abstract: : Contents: Definition of problem and summary of results; Study of a characteristic flocculated sample of deep-sea sediment; Literature survey on deep sea sediments and flows; Literature survey on scour and deposition of cohesive sediments; and Literature survey on sediment transport by wave action.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the relationship between the Veranderungen der Malatund Starkekonzentrationen and dem C0,und O&aswechsel bei Bryophyllrrrn ditigrernontiunurn.
Abstract: H. Brunnhofer. H. Schaub and K. Egle. Die Beziehungen zwischen den Veranderungen der Malatund Starkekonzentrationen und dem C0,und O&aswechsel bei Bryophyllrrrn ditigrernontiunurn. Z . Pjiinzenphysiol. 60, I2 ( 1968). T. G. Cooper, D. Filmer. M. Wishnick and M. D. I m e . The Active Species of'CO,' Utilized by Ribulose Diphosphate Carboxylase. J. h i d . C h e n i , , U . I 08 I ( 1969). H. Fock, H. Schaub and W. Hilgenberg. Uber den Sauerstoffund Kohlendioxidgaswechsel von Chlorelltr undConorrphulum wahrend der Lichtphase. 2. PJl i inzi~tr~~h~siol . 60, 56 ( 1968). P. C. I-. John and P. J. Syrett. The Inhibition. by Intermediary Metabolites. of lsocitrate Lyasefrom Chlurella p?.ri,rioidosir. Biochenr. J . 110, 48 I ( 1968). M. D. Hatch and C. R. Slack. NADP-Specific Malate Dehydrogenase and Glycerate Kinase in Leaves and Evidence for Their Location in Chloroplasts. Rioc~hcm. hiuphys. Rrs. Commrtn. 34, 589 ( 1969). T. Kasaki and N. E.Tolbert. Glycolate and Glyoxylate Metabolism by Isolated Peroxisomes or Chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 44, 242 ( 1969). U. Kull and G. Hentschel, Markierung von Kohlenhydraten in Blattern Sedoheptulose fuhrender Arten nach Fiitterung mit IT-Glukose. Z. Pjunzenphy~iol. 60.38 (1968). E. Latzko and M. Gibbs, Enzyme Activities of the Carbon Reduction Cycle in Some Photosynthetic Organisms. Plunt Physiol. 44,295 ( 1969). H. Metzner, Zur Messung der 'TO2 Aufnahme in pflanliche Zellen. Rev. Rouni. B i d . , Ser. Botan. 13, 69 ( I 968). T. F. Neales and L. D. Incoll, The Control of Leaf Photosynthesis Rate by the Level of Assimilate Concentration in the Leaf A Review of the Hypothesis. Botun. Rev. 34, 107 ( 1968). E. B. Nelson, N. E. Tolbert andJ. L. Hess, Glycolate Stimulationof Oxygen Evolutionduring Photosynthesis. Plonf Physiol. 44,55 ( 1969). C. Paulech and J . Gasparik, A Modification of Dry-Weight Increase Method for Photosynthesis Measurements in Leaf Tissue Samples Employing Rectangular Segments. Phofosynfhetiru 2,68 ( 1968). B. Roffman and H. M. Lenhoff. Formation of Polysaccharides by Hydra from Substrates Produced by Their Endosymbiotic Algae. Nurure. Lond. 221,381 (1969). N. V. Trukhin. Effect of the Carbon Supply on the Response of Chlorella pyrenoidosu to the Effects of Blue and Red Light. Souief Plunf Physiol. 15,544 ( 1968). P. N. Viswanathan, Starch Synthesis in Chlorophyllous Tissues. IndinnJ. Biochem. 5. I88 ( 1968). T. Yamashita and A. Fujiwara, Some Further Studies on Metabolism of Acetate-l'T in Pot ficient Rice Leaves. Plunt Cell Physiol. 9,745 ( 1968).
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, four main lines of investigation are reviewed, each dealing with questions and hypotheses derived from one or more of the propositions and each suggested by an examination of the literature.
Abstract: Since the many broader developmental propositions common to the theories of Piaget, Werner, and psychoanalytic ego psychology are not available in the usual research report, the present paper starts by defining a number of them to provide an outline of the conceptual framework which these three developmental theories share. This framework delineates the limits of the literature survey which follows. Four main lines of investigation are then reviewed, each dealing with questions and hypotheses derived from one or more of the propositions and each suggested by an examination of the literature. These are: studies dealing with innately given behavioral and structural organs and modes of functioning; differentiation-integration and levels of organization; multiple modes and stages of development; and the adaptive process. Following this literature review, a concluding section considers some implications of the biodevelopmental research reported to date for the understanding of child psychopathology.
01 Sep 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an in-depth coverage of the mechanical, thermal, and optical characterization of fiber-reinforced plastic composites as well as the analytical methods used to predict laminate behavior on both the microscopic and macroscopic scale.
Abstract: : This report contains the abstracts from approximately 1950 references in the area of fiber-reinforced plastic composites. The survey covers the unclassified publications( reports, journal articles, theses, etc.) from the period 1958 to August 1970, with particular emphasis on boron, glass, and graphite fiber materials. The abstract presents an in-depth coverage of the mechanical, thermal, and optical characterization of fiber-reinforced plastics as well aso the analytical methods used to predict laminate behavior on both the microscopic and macroscopic scale. The area of failure and the influence of physico-chemical effects on mechanical behavior are also reviewed. Finally, special sections on design and application, materials and fabrication, and special test procedures are included. Originator keywords include: Glass fiber - reinforced plastics, Graphite fiber - reinforced plastic, Boron fiber - reinforced plastics, Fiber-reinforced plastic composites, Literature survey, Composite failure, Analytical methods, Dynamic characterization, Micromechanics analysis, Fiber-matrix interactions, Chemical structure of composites, Thermal properties, Filament-wound structures, Aircraft structures, Physico - chemical effects.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the state of the art in the development, need, and use of RAPID Test METHODs and their application in a variety of tasks.
Abstract: RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE STATE OF THE ART IN THE DEVELOPMENT, NEED, AND USE OF RAPID TEST METHODS. THE FIRST PHASE COMPRISES A LITERATURE SURVEY OF CURRENT PRACTICES IN QUALITY CONTROL AND ACCEPTANCE TESTING, ALONG WITH A STUDY USING STATISTICAL METHODS TO ASSESS THE TIME LIMITS FOR RAPID TESTS. THE SECOND PHASE IS CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NEW RAPID TEST METHODS OR PRINCIPLES TO SELECT THOSE WORTHY OF FURTHER INVESTIGATION. THIRTY-EIGHT STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS PARTICIPATED IN THE STUDY, AND INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED WHEN APPROPRIATE. THE SECOND PHASE OF THE STUDY APPLIED TO RAPID TEST METHODS FOR ASPHALT CONTENT DETERMINATION, COMPACTION CONTROL, GRADATION OF SEVERAL TYPES OF AGGREGATE, DENSITY OF BASE COURSE MATERIALS AND SOILS, AND MOISTURE CONTENT. THE RESULTS OF ALL TESTS ARE APPENDED. TN ADDITION TO 226 TEXTUAL REFERENCES, THE REPORT CONTAINS AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 105 REPORTS AND ARTICLES ON RAPID TEST METHODS. /AUTHOR/
TL;DR: Hew, G. Karpov, 0.4.1 as discussed by the authors, and R. Rast, 1.2.1.1, 3.3.1.
Abstract: 1 . Carbon metabolism: carbohydrates, organic acids and carbon dioxidefiation H. Ankel and R. G. Tischer, Uridine Diphosphate-D-Glucuronate 4-Epimerase in Blue-Green Algae. Biochim. Biophys. A c f a 178,4 15 (1969). C. R. Benedict and R. J. Kohel, The Synthesis of Ribulose-I ,S-Diphosphate Carboxylase and Chlorophyll in Virescent Cotton Leaves. Plant Physiol. 44,62 1 ( 1969). A. Bertsch and W. Domes, C0,-Gaswechsel Amphistomatischer Blatter1. Der Einfluss Unterschiedlicher Stomaverteilungen der Beiden Blattepedermen auf den C0,-Transport. PIanta 85, I83 ( 1969). G. W. Bowes, Carbonic Anhydrase in Marine Algae. Plant Physiol. 44,726 ( 1969). P. K. Davison and R. Young, Gas Chromatography of Carbohydrates. The Quantitative Determination of the Free Sugars of Plants as Their Trimethylsilyl Ethers. J . Chromatog. 41,12 ( 1 969). L. Dezhi and G . L. Farkash, Correlation between Glycolic Acid Oxidase and Chlorophyll Content in Barley Leaves. Fiziol. Rast. 16,343 ( 1969). W. Domes and A. Bertsch, C0,-Gaswechsel Amphistomatischer Blatter11. Ein Vergleich von Diffusivem C0,-Austausch der Beiden Blattepidermen von Z e a mays mit dem im Porometer Gemessenen Viscosen Volumfluss. Planta 86,84 (1969). R. G. Everson, Bicarbonate Equilibria and the Apparent Km(HCO,-) of Isolated Chloroplasts. Nature 222,876 ( 1969). K. H. Goulding, M. J. Lord and M. J. Merrett, Glycollate Formation During the Photo-Respiration of Acetate by Chlorella. J . Exp. Botany 20.34 ( 1969). H. Haapala, Studies on the Activity of p-Amylase in the Chloroplasts of Stellaria media During Prolonged Illumination. Physiol. Plantarurn 22,140 ( 1969). M. D. Hatch, C. R. Slack and T. A. Bull, Light-Induced Changes in the Content of Some Enzymes of the C,-Dicarboxylic Acid Pathway of Photosynthesis and Its Effect on Other Characteristics of Photosynthesis. Phyfochemistry 8.697 ( 1969). C.4. Hew, G. Krotkov and D. T. Canvin, Determination of the Rate of CO, Fixation by Green Leaves in Light. PIunf Physiol. 44,662 ( 1969). C.-S. Hew, G. Krotkov and D. T. Canvin, Effects of Temperature on Photosynthesis and COP Evolution in Light and Darkness by Green Leaves. Plant Physiol. 44,67 1 ( 1969). Y. Iriki, Mannans and Xylans of Algae. Tampakushitsu Kakusan Koso 14,147 (1969). V. L. Karpov, 0. D. Bykov and U. M. Seleznev, Technique for Cultivation of Chlorella in a Carbon-I4 Dioxide Atmosphere of High Specific Activity. Fiziol. Rast. 16, 169 (1969). M. Kluge, Zur Analyse des COP-Austauches von Bryophyllum1. Messung der Anderung des Mengenverhiiltnisses einiger Phosphatverbindungen in Blattgewebe Wiihrend Bestimmter Phasen der Licht-Dunkel Periode. Planta 85, 160 ( 1969). E. Latzko, Level of Photosynthetic Intermediates in Isolated Spinach Chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 44, 396 ( 1969). K.-D. Lippert and N. Pfennig, Die Verwertung von Molekularen Wasserstoff durch Chlorobium thiosulfatophilurn Wachstum und 0,-Fixierung. Arch. Mikrobiol. 65,29 ( 1969). 1. V. Maksimova and M. N. Pimenova, Accumulation of Organic Acids by Green Unicellular Algae. Mikrobiologiya 37,77 (1969). M. Marx-Figini, Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese der Cellulose in der Alge Valonia. Biochim. Biophys. A c f a 177,27 (1969). G. Marzullo and W. F. Danforth, Ethanol-Soluble Intermediates and Products of Acetate Metabolism by Euglena gracilis var. Bacillaris. J . Gen. Microbiol. 55,257 (1969).
TL;DR: A literature survey was conducted on the biodegradation of surgical plastics with the findings that nylon lost 80% of its tensile strength after 3 years implantation while Orlon and Dacron deteriorated considerably less in a 2-year period as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A series of epoxy resins has been formulated on the basis of obtaining low water sorption, low water vapor permeability, retention of electrical properties, and resistance to biodegradation by the body. These resins have been tested for these properties both by accelerated aging in 100°C water and in vivo studies. A literature survey was conducted on the biodegradation of surgical plastics with the findings that nylon lost 80% of its tensile strength after 3 years implantation while Orlon and Dacron deteriorated considerably less in a 2-year period. Teflon, Mastic, and Mylar showed almost no loss in tensile strength after 17 to 22 months. The epoxies tested on this program showed no loss in strength after 6 months in vivo. It appears that materials whose chemical structure contain bonds similar to those found in the body (such as amide groups) are susceptible to biodegradation whereas those such as Teflon which contain only C-C bonds or C-F bonds are not. Two general types of biodegradation can o...
DOI•
01 Jan 1970TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the performance of an output shaft can be improved by adding a taper in the axial direction to its external spline, which can be viewed as increasing the maximum spline fatigue load by 15%.
Abstract: The performance of an output shaft can be improved by adding a taper in the axial direction to its external spline. The optimal taper depends on the design torque and the stress criterion. The largest maximum principal stress in the shaft can be reduced by as much as 15% if the spline is tapered 0.54°. This type of reduction in stress would typically result in greater than a factor of two improvement in fatigue life. Conversely, it can be viewed as increasing the maximum spline fatigue load by 15%. Introduction A spline is a geometric feature used to join one shaft to another. It transmits torsion, but permits axial sliding. The current practice for designing splines to carry a torque is to use involute splines with no helix angle or taper on the external tooth. The size of the spline, the number of teeth and the engaged length of splines are chosen to satisfy size and performance constraints. In preliminary design, all teeth of the spline are assumed to carry an equal amount of load. Stress calculations are primarily based on experience and simple strength of material formulas [1,2]. Our current design practice also assumes that the load distribution does not change with respect to the distance along the axial direction of splines (the direction of the engaged length). Based on intuition, the load along the axial direction is not evenly distributed, especially on splines with long effective engaged length. It has long been surmised that the performance of the spline and shaft could be improved if a taper were added to help distribute the load on the spline. A literature survey reveals no data, either experimentally or analytically, exists to prove or disprove this conjecture. Transactions on Modelling and Simulation vol 22, © 1999 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-355X
01 Mar 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the physical and explosion characteristics of pure hydrazine nitrate and multicomponent systems containing it are investigated. But the authors focus on the decomposition process.
Abstract: Experimental studies of the physical and explosion characteristics of pure hydrazine nitrate and multicomponent systems containing hydrazine nitrate, supplemented with an extensive literature survey, are presented. Such properties as melting point, heat of fusion, density, viscosity, surface tension, thermal stability, decomposition process, detonation velocity, impact sensitivity, and TNT equivalence are included.
29 Dec 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature survey and a number of experimental studies have been conducted on the purification and analysis of relevant solvents: acetonitrile, butyrolactone, Dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, Formamide, hexamethyl phosphoramide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, and tetrahydrofuran.
Abstract: : In order to make possible a rigorous program of research and development of high energy battery systems based on aprotic organic electrolytes and lithium anodes, a literature survey and a number of experimental studies have been conducted on the purification and analysis of relevant solvents: acetonitrile, butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, formamide, hexamethyl phosphoramide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, and tetrahydrofuran. In all cases, methods have been developed (where not already available) for purification to a level of less than 10 ppm water or organic impurities, and for analysis of the solvents at that purity level. Stability of the pure solvents, particularly in contact with lithium electrodes, has been examined critically. For the solvents propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, and hexamethyl phosphoramide, the exchange current of a solid lithium electrode has been determined and the effect of added water on this kinetic parameter has been studied. (Author)
Journal Article•
01 Apr 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a literature survey, a review of existing rapid in situ and remote sensing techniques for determining soil strength and ground roughness, and a study of the proposed active landing gear system as related to the required soil and site parameters is included.
Abstract: : Ultimate goals of Air Force landing gear/soil interaction research are to develop maximized landing gear design criteria for aircraft operation on soil surfaces and to establish absolute techniques for the prediction of military aircraft operational capability at any soil surfaced site. In order to achieve these goals, real life relationships must be established between aircraft surface operational capability, and soil and site characteristics. The program was concerned with the identification of both soil and site parameters usable for defining aircraft operations capability. The research effort included a literature survey, a review of existing rapid in situ and remote sensing techniques for determining soil strength and ground roughness, and a study of the proposed active landing gear system as related to the required soil and site parameters. A detailed description of each of the reviewed rapid in situ and remote sensing techniques is included.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of chemical and mineralogical compositions and temperature of blast furnace slag on its viscosity was discussed on the basis of literature survey and the suitability of the slags under study was discussed.
Abstract: The paper discusses the effect of chemical and mineralogical compositions and temperature of blast furnace slag on its viscosity. The importance of viscosity of slags with regard to its applications is also stressed on the basis of literature survey. In the production of heavy aggregate and pumice the 'long slags', the viscosity of which increases very slowly in a wide range of temperature, are preferred. For the production of slag cement, the short slags', the viscosity of which is varying fast, are preferred. The viscosity of slag obtained from various iron and steel plants in Poland and East Germany was determined employing the viscometer installed at the Institute, a brief description of which is also given. The graphs for relationship between temperature and viscosity of these slags are reported and the suitability of the slags under study is discussed. (Shri Narinder Singh and Shri Muthukrishnan, Scientists, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, and Dr. T. Rogozinski, Head of Slag Laboratory, Instytut Metalurgii Zelaza, Gilwice, Poland)