Showing papers on "Literature survey published in 1994"
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of antifungal metabolites in higher plants is presented, and a distinction is made between constitutive agents and phytoalexins, which are specifically formed in response to fungal inoculation.
Abstract: Index-Flowering plants; antifungal agents; constitutive compounds; phytoalexins; second- ary metabolites. Abstract-Recent work on the characterization of antifungal metabolites in higher plants is reviewed. Interesting new structures are discussed and the distribution of those substances in different plant families is outlined. Distinction is made between constitutive antifungal agents and phytoalexins, which are specifically formed in response to fungal inoculation. The literature survey covers the 12 years since 1982. INTRODUCTION A fungal spore landing on the leaf surface of a plant has to combat a complex series of defensive barriers set up by the plant before it can germinate, grow into the plant tissues and survive. The arsenal of weapons against the fungus includes physical barriers (e.g. a thick cuticle) and chemical ones, i.e. the presence or accumulation of anti- fungal metabolites. These can be preformed in the plant, the so called ‘constitutive antifungal substances’, or they are induced after infection involving de
474 citations
436 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is indicated that recurrent nerve paralysis is a less frequent complication when the nerve is identified and in the literature, reports with identification of the recurrent nerve had significantly lower primary and permanent palsy rates when compared with reports without obligatory identification.
311 citations
TL;DR: A survey of studies using molecular markers to investigate genet diversity and structure in clonal plants is presented in this paper, where only two were studied by DNA methods, the rest by isozyme markers.
Abstract: We present a literature survey of studies using molecular markers to investigate genet diversity and structure in clonal plants. The data from 40 studies comprised 45 species of which only two were studied by DNA methods, the rest by isozyme markers. Less than one third of the studies provided information about the spatial distribution of individual genets within populations, and only 12.5% of the studies used mapping of all ramets within plots or part of the population in combination with identification of multilocus genotypes. We also present two case studies. InGlechoma hederacea morphological criteria were used to select clones. Multi-samples of ramets within these “clones” turned out to be variable using isozymes indicating that these “clones” in most cases consisted of several genets. One individual multilocus genotype covered tens of square metres. InHylocomium splendens samples from 10×10 cm plots usually consisted of a mixture of multilocus genotypes, but occasionally the whole plot consisted of one genet.
278 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that mature students are more motivated by intrinsic goals than younger students, and that younger students acquire a surface approach to learning in the final years of secondary education, while mature students promote a deep approach towards studying in higher education.
Abstract: Although mature students are often said to be deficient in study skills, most research into approaches to studying in higher education has ignored age as an important explanatory variable. There is nevertheless a consistent suggestion in research using inventories and questionnaires on study processes that mature students exhibit more desirable approaches to academic learning. In particular, mature students seem to be more likely than younger students to adopt a deep approach or a meaning orientation, and conversely they seem to be less likely to adopt a surface approach or a reproducing orientation towards their academic work. Three explanations for this are: that mature students are more motivated by intrinsic goals; that younger students acquire a surface approach to learning in the final years of secondary education; and that the prior life experience of mature students promotes a deep approach towards studying in higher education.
210 citations
TL;DR: The broad distinction between an orientation towards comprehending the meaning of learning materials and an orientation toward merely reproducing those materials seems to be a universal feature of all systems of higher education as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Students in higher education exhibit different approaches to learning, but there is evidence that these vary systematically from one culture to another. The broad distinction between an orientation towards comprehending the meaning of learning materials and an orientation towards merely reproducing those materials seems to be a universal feature of all systems of higher education. The former is both consistent and coherent, apparently reflecting the relatively high degree of agreement that exists across different cultures with regard to the goals and purposes of higher education. The latter reflects students' attempts to cope with academic practices that are inappropriate to those goals and purposes; it is more fragmented and more likely to be constructed in a way that is distinctive to each particular cultural context.
182 citations
TL;DR: The halothane sensitivity gene (HALn) explains to a large extent the overall genetic variation in technological quality and eating quality of pork and is the major factor responsible for the “meat quantity — meat quality” genetic antagonism.
Abstract: This paper is a review of current knowledge about genetic effects on technological and eating qualities of pork. These effects have been recognized as primordial sources of variation of meat quality in the porcine species. Nevertheless, some significant advances have recently been obtained in this area. This literature survey reveals that:
The halothane sensitivity gene (HALn) explains to a large extent the overall genetic variation in technological quality and eating quality of pork. Evidence is accumulating that the halothane sensitivity gene is not completely recessive regarding its effects on quality traits. Producing slaughter pigs heterozygous at the HAL locus may result in deficiencies in meat quality, probably depending on slaughter conditions and perhaps also on slaughter weight.
Breed differences in technological and sensory qualities of pork partly result from the large breed variation in incidence of halothane sensitivity, but other factors are implied, particularly ultimate pH and intramuscular fat content of meat.
The major dominant gene RN-is probably at the origin of the previously described “Hampshire effect” on meat quality.
Heritability of most traits referring to the technological quality of meat is low to moderate (0.15 to 0.30), whereas heritability of intramuscular fat content is high (0.40 to 0.50). A genetic antagonism exists between technological quality of pork and growth or body composition traits. The halothane sensitivity gene is the major factor responsible for the “meat quantity — meat quality” genetic antagonism.
167 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive literature survey was conducted to evaluate the carbon dynamics of agroforestry practices and assess their potential to store carbon, and the limited survey information available substantiated the concept that implementing agro forestry practices can help reduce deforestation.
Abstract: The process of land degradation is a local phenomenon that occurs field by field. Because of the extent at which it is occurring, however, it also has a global dimension. Agroforestry represents a link between the local and global scales. From the farmer's perspective, agroforestry can be a way to increase crop yields and the diversity of products grown. An additional benefit is the creation of a carbon sink that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Successful agroforestry systems will also reduce land clearing and maintain carbon in existing vegetation. An extensive literature survey was conducted to evaluate the carbon dynamics of agroforestry practices and to assess their potential to store carbon. Data on tree growth and wood production were converted to estimates of carbon storage. Surveyed literature showed that median carbon storage by agroforestry practices was 9 tC/ha in semi-arid, 21 tC/ha in sub-humid, 50 tC/ha in humid, and 63 tC/ha in temperate ecozones. The limited survey information available substantiated the concept that implementing agroforestry practices can help reduce deforestation.
151 citations
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology is developed for the construction and analysis of an optimal greenhouse climate control system, which is used to analyze and validate dynamic models of the greenhouse crop production process.
Abstract: In this thesis a methodology is developed for the construction and analysis of an optimal greenhouse climate control system. In chapter 1, the results of a literature survey are presented and the research objectives are defined. In the literature, optimal greenhouse climate management systems have been commonly presented and analysed as hierarchical systems. The main reasons were the inherent complexity of the system and existing differences in dynamic response times of the process variables involved. In general terms, the hierarchical control schemes contained two layers. An upper layer emphasizes control of the crop growth dynamics and a lower layer is concerned with control of the greenhouse climate. With respect to optimal greenhouse climate management it has not become completely clear from the literature how the hierarchical structure should be derived, how the relations between the different layers should be defined nor what kind of performance criterion should be used at each level. It is one of the objectives of this thesis to investigate the hierarchical decomposition of greenhouse climate management. Until now, in research on optimal greenhouse climate management, the main emphasis was on control of the carbon dioxide concentration and temperature in the greenhouse. Since in horticultural practice as well as in research, the humidity level in the greenhouse is considered to be an important climate variable determining the quality and quantity of crop production, a second objective of this research is to explicitly include humidity control in the control system design. For application of optimal control in horticultural practice, it is necessary to have a quantative model which describes the dynamic response of the greenhouse crop production process to the control and exogenous inputs with some accuracy. A third objective of this thesis is to analyse and validate dynamic models of the greenhouse crop production process. In optimal greenhouse climate control, predictions of the auction price and the weather are important. A final objective of this thesis is to investigate briefly the predictability of auction prices and to develop a methodology for greenhouse climate control which deals with errors in the model and the predictions of both auction price and weather, while maintaining near optimal performance. In this thesis the production of a lettuce crop is used as a vehicle for the illustration of the methodology developed. In chapter 2 the optimal greenhouse climate control problem is defined. The objective of optimal greenhouse climate control during the production of a lettuce crop is defined as to control the greenhouse climate such that the net return is maximized. The net return is defined as the difference between the revenues of the harvested lettuce crop and the climate conditioning costs. In the control problem physical limitations of the control inputs are included. Also simple bound constraints are imposed on the state of the greenhouse climate. These constraints represent unmodelled effects of the greenhouse climate on the quality and quantity of crop production. In chapter 3, dynamic models of crop growth and greenhouse climate are presented and analysed. With data collected in two lettuce growth experiments in a greenhouse, the models used in this research are calibrated and validated. It is shown that the models quite accurately describe the dynamics of the process variables considered in this research. Also it is illustrated that in the crop production process differences in response times do exist. The greenhouse climate responds rapidly to changes in control and external inputs, whereas crop growth responds comparatively slow to changes in the environmental conditions. A methodology for a first-order sensitivity analysis of dynamic models is presented and one of the lettuce growth models is analysed. It is shown that in this model of lettuce growth, only a few parameters mainly determine crop growth. The solar radiation level and carbon dioxide concentration are important environmental conditions. The temperature is relatively less important in this model. At the end of the chapter the models of lettuce growth and greenhouse climate are integrated to yield a model of the crop production process. This model is also validated. In chapter 4, the performance criterion used in optimal greenhouse climate control is defined in more detail. It is shown that a linear relation between the harvest fresh weight of the crop and the auction price of lettuce exists. The time-varying parameters of this linear relation show distinct diurnal trends which offer an opportunity for predicting the auction price. In chapter 5, the methodology for the solution and analysis of optimal control problems is presented. Necessary conditions for the existence of an optimal control trajectory are derived for a control problem with state and control constraints. It is shown that, in optimal control, the necessary conditions for optimality have a meaningful economic interpretation which can be used in the analysis of optimal greenhouse climate management. Considerable attention is paid to the solution of control problems in which both slow and fast dynamics interact. Using the framework of singular perturbed systems, the control problem in which both slow and fast dynamics are included, is decomposed into two subproblems. One sub-problem emphasizes efficient control of the slow dynamics, the other sub-problem emphasizes efficient control of the fast dynamics. It is shown that the performance criteria used in both sub-problems have a clear relationship with the main objective of the original control problem. The methodology of a first-order sensitivity analysis of openloop optimal control problems is derived. An algorithm is presented which is used to solve the optimal control problem iteratively on a digital computer is described. Finally, a feedback, feedforward control scheme based on the framework of optimal control is derived which is expected to yield near optimal performance in the presence of perturbations in the model and in the external inputs. In chapter 6 the methodology derived in chapter 5 is applied to the optimal greenhouse climate control problem using the model defined in chapter 3 and the performance criterion defined in chapter 4. For the full control problem, in which both greenhouse climate dynamics and crop growth dynamics are included, the necessary conditions are derived. Also the equations of the slow sub-problem, aiming at economic optimal control of the crop growth dynamics, and of the fast sub-problem, emphasizing efficient control of the greenhouse climate dynamics, are explicitly stated. The equations are analysed to gain insight into the operation of optimal greenhouse climate control. In chapter 7, optimal greenhouse climate control is investigated with simulations. Using the measured data obtained during one of the lettuce growth experiments in the greenhouse, optimal greenhouse climate control is compared with climate control supervised by the grower. The simulations show that using optimal control, greenhouse heating, carbon dioxide supply and ventilation are more efficiently used. Also, it is shown that the humidity level in the greenhouse largely determines the ventilation rate and strongly affects the performance of optimal greenhouse climate control. The feedback, feedforward control scheme is evaluated in simulations. It is shown that using a short-term weather prediction, the control scheme is able to achieve near optimal performance in the presence of large perturbations of the state and the weather from precalculated nominal trajectories. These results suggest that accurate long term weather predictions no longer limit the application of optimal greenhouse climate control in practice. In simulations, the decomposition of the greenhouse climate control problem is successfully evaluated. The performance of both sub-problems closely approximates the performance of the full control problem in which both slow and fast dynamics are included. Also, the control trajectories resulting from the decomposition closely approximate the control trajectories calculated for the full problem. Another simulation shows the importance of using an explicit economic criterion for control of the greenhouse climate dynamics. The decomposition supplies valuable information on the form of the objective function appropriate for use in control of the greenhouse climate dynamics. Finally, a sensitivity analysis supplies insight into the performance sensitivity of open-loop optimal greenhouse climate for perturbations in the model parameters and initial conditions. Chapter 8 contains a synthesis of the results obtained in the previous chapters. Two concepts for the implementation of optimal greenhouse climate management in horticultural practice are presented. The concepts are compared and their operation is discussed. It is indicated that both control systems are able to deal with uncertainty in the weather and the auction prices. Also, practical aspects like the amount of CPU- time needed, the flexibility of the hierarchical structure, the role of the grower in greenhouse climate management as well as the contribution of optimal control to the improvement of the efficiency of greenhouse crop production are discussed. Finally, it is indicated how the methodology developed in this thesis can be applied to multiple harvest crops like tomatoes and cucumbers. Chapter 9 contains concluding remarks as well as suggestions for further research.
132 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the application of NMR spectroscopy in the field of chemical engineering can be found in this article, where the authors identify three broad categories of magnetic resonance measurements, namely spectrograms, diffusion measurements, and imaging.
127 citations
TL;DR: This literature survey provides an assessment of hypothesized brain injury mechanisms, brain injury criteria, mathematical models of head injury and available techniques for measuring head kinematics and brain tissue deformations associated with exposure to dynamic loads.
04 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present examples for sampling: Air, Water, Soils and Sediments, Plants and Animals Literature Survey (PASL) and the American Natural History Survey (ANN).
Abstract: Historical Aspects General Aspects Examples for Sampling: Air, Water, Soils and Sediments, Plants and Animals Literature Survey.
TL;DR: The Mallory body is indicative but not pathognomonic of alcohol involvement, and a variety of experimental drugs have been developed that cause Mallory bodies formation, but markedly different cell dynamics and metabolic pathways may raise questions about the relevance of such animal models for human MalloryBody formation.
TL;DR: In this article, a literature survey on ion beam assisted deposition of boron nitride shows well defined ranges (domains) of microscopic parameters in which different phases of BN occur, interpreted in terms of a growth model in which temperature dependent desorption of incoming material and selective sputtering of h-BN play dominating roles.
TL;DR: It is concluded that much of the received wisdom on skeletal maturation in sheep is poorly founded and unreliable, and that tightly controlled test populations are needed if better data are to be obtained.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the available evidence pertaining to the effects of sex and castration on the timing of skeletal and dental maturation in sheep. The initial premise was that our present knowldge of the effects of these factors is inadequate, and that currently available published sources and reference specimens are insufficient to allow confident interpretation of archaeological data. A literature survey was carried out, and adequately documented sheep skeletons in a number of major collections were recorded. The results show that the published evidence is contradictory and ambiguous, particularly with regard to the effects of castration, and that currently available reference material is mostly too diverse in origin and in quality of documentation to allow comparison of well-controlled samples. Some evidence was found to suggest that castration may delay epiphysial fusion during the second year, without delaying fusion of earlier- and later-fusing elements. Overall, it is concluded that much of the received wisdom on skeletal maturation in sheep is poorly founded and unreliable, and that tightly controlled test populations are needed if better data are to be obtained.
TL;DR: A literature survey and a structure-system-activity-relationship (SSAR) analysis of existing data, with particular emphasis on the carcinogenicity/mutagenicity and cancer preventive aspects of the flavonoids are conducted.
Abstract: Flavonoids and related phenolic compounds are widely distributed among vascular plants and are found in numerous fruits, grains vegetables and other parts of higher plants [1–3]. Isolation and structural determination of flavonoids have been employed in plant taxonomy [1, 2]. Because of the wide range of chemical structures of flavonoids, coupled with a variety of test systems and different dose levels used, sometimes conflicting reports have been published in the literature regarding their numerous pharmacological and toxicological activities. This prompted us to conduct a literature survey and a structure-system-activity-relationship (SSAR) analysis of existing data, with particular emphasis on the carcinogenicity/mutagenicity and cancer preventive aspects of the flavonoids.
TL;DR: Effects of toxic chemicals on estuarine and marine crustaceans are often evaluated using the mysid Mysidopsis bahia, and pyrethroid toxicities to mysids and postlarval pink shrimp were similar, organophosphate toxicities were within a factor of 2.6 for both species, andMysids were 3 to 26 times more sensitive to the metals than were larval pinkrimp.
Abstract: Effects of toxic chemicals on estuarine and marine crustaceans are often evaluated using the mysid Mysidopsis bahia. In a literature survey of results of acute toxicity tests with estuarine crustaceans, Mysidae and Penaeidae were generally the two most sensitive families. However, neither family was consistently more sensitive (higher LC50 divided by lower LC50 > 2). Mysids were 54 times more sensitive to pyrethroids than were penaeids (N = 3 studies). Yet penaeids were 36 times more sensitive (N = 4 studies) to organochlorines and 5 times more sensitive (N = 17 studies) to organophosphates than were mysids.
Acute exposures of ≤24-h-old mysids and second postlarval pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum were conducted to compare responses of these crustaceans to each other, and to values from the literature for other estuarine crustaceans. The test compounds were chloride salts of cadmium, copper, and zinc; the organophosphates diazinon, fenthion, and malathion; and several pyrethroids – cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin.
Results showed that pyrethroid toxicities to mysids and postlarval pink shrimp were similar, organophosphate toxicities were within a factor of 2.6 for both species, and mysids were 3 to 26 times more sensitive to the metals than were larval pink shrimp.
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature survey on the electrochemical sensor technique shows that the simple relation between the average measured diffusional current and the local shear rate of the liquid flow holds even for extremely non-homogeneous flow conditions with high-amplitude fluctuations.
TL;DR: A quantitative meta-analysis of studies evaluating, by means of the Bayesian method, the safety effectiveness of different bicycle facilities at road junctions shows that the most likely effect of introducing a cycle path is that the risk will increase by about 40% for a passing cyclist.
TL;DR: The main results of this study characterize Mallory bodies as stereotypical histological byproducts to diverse hepatic injuries of questionable pathogenic importance and imply that different elements of a multifactorial setting operate with varying intensity over time.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a literature survey and discussion of the various methods and mechanisms of Nd: YAG laser marking of plastic and ceramic IC packages, and the effects of the material properties (e.g., the absorptivity and the melting point) and the marking parameters on the mark legibility characteristics, such as the mark contrast and the mark width, are reviewed.
TL;DR: There are major gaps that must be addressed before cad systems can make use of assembly modelling as an integrated framework for product design, and the following areas are reviewed.
Abstract: Current cad systems provide exhaustive capabilities for specifying detailed component geometry in support of the product-design process. However, before detailed geometric designs are finally produced, the designer must first map the product requirements into functional specifications, and realize the functional specifications in the form of conceptual designs. While it may not be possible to automate these more creative steps fully in the design process, cad systems can support the design process better, by consistently representing and maintaining the functional intent of the designer. To provide such support, the cad systems must address the assembly level, since only at this level is it possible to model the functionality of the design in terms of the functionally significant geometry and assembly relations. The literature survey first establishes basic information requirements for a cad framework in support of the broader design process. The literature is reviewed in the context of this framework. The following areas are reviewed: the choice of modelling primitives for the specification of assembly information, the choice of various model structures for the aggregation of the assembly information and the use of this information for design analysis, and the choice of strategies for relative part positioning for the computation of the final assembly configuration. Even though research is well developed in individual aspects of assembly modelling, there are major gaps that must be addressed before cad systems can make use of assembly modelling as an integrated framework for product design.
TL;DR: There is no convincing evidence that the α, Values (rate constant for 12 CO2 fixation relative to that for 13CO2 fixation by Rubisco in the absence of CO2 transport limitation), suggest that the fractional limitation of photosynthesis of Cladophora by external diffusion of inorganic C, considered with HCO3 use is altered.
Abstract: SUMMARY
The 13C/12C ratio (expressed as δ13C) of benrhic photolithotrophs. in the Dighn Water (= Burn) were measured fur comparison with that of the potential inorganic carhun sources. CO2 and HCO3-, in the Burn. The Burn water contains an average of 65.7 mmol m-3 CO2 with δ13C of -14.7% and 1600 mmol m-3 HCO3- with δ13C of -4.%. δ13C values of riparian vegetation were also measured as contributors, after respiration in the soil or the Burn, to the δ13C of inorganic carbon in the Burn. The potential range of differences in 13C/12C between dissolved CO2 and plant organic C is set by the intrinsic 13c/12C discrimination (α value) in CO2 fixation by Rubisco. Main results and conclusions are. as follows, (i) A literature survey suggests that there is no convincing evidence that the α, Values (rate constant for 12CO2 fixation relative to that for 13CO2 fixation by Rubisco in the absence of CO2 transport limitation) for the‘lower plants’in the Burn (diatoms, green and red algae, mosses) are significantly different from the well-established αp values for the flowering plum enzyme. (ii) In confirmation of earlier work, the semi-erect 'streamer’gametophytes of the red alga Lemanea mamillosa and the moss Fontinalis antipyetica have δ13C values which can only be interpreted in terms of diffusive CO2 entry with minimal limitation of photosynthesis by CO- diffusion, (iii) The serui-erect grren alga Cladophora glomerata and the flowering plant Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitons (formerly var. calcareus) are- both able to use HCO3-. Their δ13C values indicate that, if the HCO3- -use system does not (as is likely) discriminate significantly between 13C and 12C, then a substantial fraction of the inorganic C made available to Rubisco must return to the medium, carrying 13C-inorganic C not fixed by Rubisco. (iv) Two sets of δ13C data from different hydrodynamic regimes distance from leading edge of a flat stone; different size of thalli) show that the attainable differences in situ in thickness of the diffusion boundary layer do not alter the fractional limitation of photosynthesis of Cladophora by external diffusion of inorganic C, considered with HCO3 use. (vi) The entrusting red alga Hildenbrandia rivularis has a δ13C value suggestive of CO2 as the inorganic C source, but not entirely ruling nut HCO3-. Marine species of both Hildenbrundia and Cladophora have δ13C values which, even when corrected for source inorganic C δ13C values, are 10%, more positive than the freshwater species. (vii) Mats of pennate diatoms were shown by pH-drift to by able to use HCO3-; the relatively high (i.e. not very negative) δ12C value of these mats could relate to a relatively‘non-leaky’HCO3- aequisition mechanism and/or to limitation by external diffusion (e.g. through the mat).
TL;DR: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented outbreak of chronic pseudophakic endophthalmitis with commensal organisms from a single centre.
Abstract: Six cases of chronic endophthalmitis following extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implantation are reviewed. All were referred for tertiary management by one surgeon over a period of just over 2 years. In two of the cases coagulase negative staphylococci were isolated and in three Propionibacterium spp were retrieved. In the remaining case a mixed growth of coagulase negative staphylococci and Propionibacterium acnes was cultured. The surgical management, microbiological results, and eventual visual outcome are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first documented outbreak of chronic pseudophakic endophthalmitis with commensal organisms from a single centre.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared new product development practices in North America and Europe and found that on average the European firms followed more practices that are considered "good New Product Development practices" and were more positive about their product development results.
Abstract: This empirical research based on a sample of 154 companies in Canada, USA, Germany and Denmark compares new product development practices in North America and Europe. A literature survey established a research model consisting of six blocks of criteria thought to influence the outcome of new product development efforts. The data collection tool, a mailed questionnaire, was established. It was hypothesized that new product development programmes and their outcomes were not different between Europe and North America. The findings indicate there are significant programme and outcome differences between those two areas. On average the European firms followed more practices that are considered “good new product development practices” and were more positive about their new product development results. The differences between North American and European firms′ approaches can be, at least to some degree, explained by cultural/national conditions.
TL;DR: The functional capacity of Hürthle cell neoplasms was reassessed by reviewing the medical records of all patients operated upon for these tumors at the authors' medical center from 1950 through November, 1993 and indicated that 4.4% of thyroid scans were hot and 8.9% were warm.
Abstract: We treated a hyperthyroid man and a euthyroid woman who had autonomously functioning Hurthle cell adenomas and demonstrated uptake of radioactive 131I in a woman with recurrent Hurthle cell carcinoma. Since these tumors are thought to be inactive, we reassessed the functional capacity of Hurthle cell neoplasms by reviewing the medical records of all patients operated upon for these tumors at our medical center from 1950 through November, 1993. We also reviewed series of Hurthle cell neoplasms identified from a MEDLINE search of papers published from 1960 to November, 1993. We identified 92 patients with Hurthle cell neoplasms. Thyroid scintigraphy was performed in 28 of 72 patients with benign adenomas and six of 20 patients with Hurthle cell carcinomas. In addition to the two index cases, four euthyroid patients had hot nodules that partially suppressed the extranodular tissue; seven patients had warm nodules. Thyroid scans performed in patients with Hurthle cell carcinomas revealed five cold nodules and one warm nodule. Our index patient with carcinoma displayed elevated serum thyroglobulin levels when the cancer recurred. This patient and another had uptake of 131I by recurrent or metastatic cancer that allowed for treatment with this nuclide. Of 539 patients identified in a literature survey, 489 had benign Hurthle cell adenomas and 50 had Hurthle cell carcinoma. Thyroid scans performed in 282 patients revealed 247 cold nodules, 20 warm nodules, and 8 hot nodules. Our results, added to those published in case series of Hurthle cell neoplasms, indicated that 4.4% of thyroid scans were hot and 8.9% were warm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: A literature survey of studies using molecular markers to investigate genet diversity and structure in clonal plants finds that multi-samples of ramets within these “clones” turned out to be variable using isozymes indicating that these ”clones" in most cases consisted of several genets.
Abstract: We present a literature survey of studies using molecular markers to investigate genet diversity and structure in clonal plants. The data from 40 studies comprised 45 species of which only two were studied by DNA methods, the rest by isozyme markers. Less than one third of the studies provided information about the spatial distribution of individual genets within populations, and only 12.5% of the studies used mapping of all ramets within plots or part of the population in combination with identification of multilocus genotypes. We also present two case studies. In Glechoma hederacea morphological criteria were used to select clones. Multi-samples of ramets within these "clones" turned out to be variable using isozymes indicating that these "clones" in most cases consisted of several genets. One individual multilocus genotype covered tens of square metres. In Hylocomium splendens samples from 10 x 10 cm plots usually consisted of a mixture of multilocus genotypes, but occasionally the whole plot consisted of one genet.
TL;DR: The data suggest that superior response rates and increased survival times are achieved with cisplatin/doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, and supports the recent view that carcinosarcoma of the female genital tract is possibly a high grade carcinoma with metaplastic sarcomatous elements.
Abstract: The effect of chemotherapy on the different components of uterine and ovarian carcinosarcoma is largely unknown. This report describes six patients with advanced carcinosarcoma, five of whom received 4 cycles of doxorubicin and ifosfamide (AI) directed at the sarcomatous component of the tumor. Responses in these five patients at second-look laparotomy were: one complete response, two partial responses (persistence of only the carcinomatous component), one stable disease, and one progressive disease (both components still present in both cases). Thereafter 4 cycles of a cisplatin-based regimen were scheduled. Response to the cisplatin-containing regimen was only evaluated clinically. The sixth patient (with no macroscopic disease left after initial surgery) received 6 cycles of a cisplatin-based chemotherapy from the onset and was found to be in complete response at relaparotomy. Median progression-free survival for all patients was 15 months and median survival 21 months. A literature survey showed that carcinosarcoma differs from adult soft tissue sarcomas with respect to responsiveness to chemotherapy. Cisplatin and ifosfamide are active as single agents, whereas the response to single-agent doxorubicin seems to be lower. The data suggest, however, that superior response rates and increased survival times are achieved with cisplatin/doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. The sensitivity of carcinosarcoma to cisplatin supports the recent view that carcinosarcoma of the female genital tract is possibly a high grade carcinoma with metaplastic sarcomatous elements.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of tests conducted on 15 battened composite specimens to investigate bond strength between steel and concrete at the age of five years were reported, and the results showed that the bond strength at five years is more than twice that at the average of 360 days.
Abstract: Experimental results of previous research showed that the bond strength between structural steel shapes and concrete in composite sections at the age of one year is approximately 30% of that at the age of three weeks. A literature survey reveals that no research has been conducted to investigate bond strength in composite construction at ages over one year. This paper reports the results of tests conducted on 15 battened composite specimens to investigate bond strength between steel and concrete at the age of five years. Test results of this investigation show that the bond strength at the age of five years is more than twice that at the age of 360 days. The reduction in bond strength in specimens of five years of age is significantly less than that in specimens 360 days old, when compared with results of 21‐day‐old ones.