Topic
Literature survey
About: Literature survey is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 459196 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Based on an appropriate knowledge of the available methods, forensic dentists can choose the most appropriate since the validity of age estimation crucially depends on the method used and its proper application.
Abstract: Objective: The present review article is aimed at describing the radiological methods utilized for human age identification. Methods: The application and importance of radiological methods in human age assessment was discussed through the literature survey. Results: Following a literature search, 46 articles were included in the study and the relevant information is depicted in the article. Dental tissue is often preserved indefinitely after death. Implementation of radiography is based on the assessment of the extent of calcification of teeth and in turn the degree of formation of crown and root structures, along with the sequence and the stages of eruption. Several radiological techniques can be used to assist in both individual and general identification, including determination of gender, ethnic group and age. The radiographic method is a simpler and cheaper method of age identification compared with histological and biochemical methods. Radiographic and tomographic images have become an essential aid for human identification in forensic dentistry, particularly with the refinement of techniques and the incorporation of information technology resources. Conclusion: Based on an appropriate knowledge of the available methods, forensic dentists can choose the most appropriate since the validity of age estimation crucially depends on the method used and its proper application. The multifactorial approach will lead to optimum age assessment. The legal requirements also have to be considered. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2011) 40, 199–212. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/19478385
188 citations
••
TL;DR: It is concluded that spermatozoal dysfunction in varicocele patients could be multifactorial, and oxidative stress-induced injury appears to be one of the main causes.
187 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify and prioritize the barriers pertaining to the achievement of sustainable consumption and production trends in a supply chain context, and propose an operational model to prioritize the identified barriers with the goal of improving overall performance.
187 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present measures of the emissions of carbon dioxide at different spatial levels: nation, city, and household, and introduce the concept of environmental efficiency by combining input-output modeling and data envelopment analysis.
Abstract: Summary
Input-output modeling is a useful tool for tracing environmental impacts of consumption. Because it includes impacts originating from production layers of infinite order (capturing the entire economy), input-output modeling is highly relevant for studies operating in a life-cycle context. In this article we show how the input-output approach can be used to enumerate the problem of sustainable consumption. Based on a literature survey including research done by the authors we present measures of the emissions of carbon dioxide at different spatial levels: nation, city, and household. Further, we take more environmental effects into account and introduce the concept of environmental efficiency by combining input-output modeling and data envelopment analysis. Finally, we discuss the policy relevance of the different measures. The article demonstrates that input-output modeling has a wide range of life-cycle oriented applications when combined with other data sources such as detailed trade statistics, foreign input-output and environmental statistics, and household expenditure data.
187 citations
••
TL;DR: This paper presents the state-of-the-art blockchain technology to solve the security issues of smart cities and surveys the utility of blockchain in various smart communities such as healthcare, transportation, smart grid, supply chain management, financial systems and data center networks.
187 citations