Literature survey

About: Literature survey is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 459196 citations.

Dynamic Microsimulation: A Methodological Survey

Abstract: This paper describes some of the issues related to constructing a dynamic microsimulation model. The paper considers the principle choices facing the model builder. These choices are whether the model should be probabilistic or incorporate behavioural response, whether model runs in discrete or continuous time, whether the model is open or closed, the extent to which static or dynamic ageing should be used, the decision to run the model in a steady state and the distinction between cohort and population models. Finally, the paper carries out a literature survey of the principle models around in the world classify them by the decisions made under these headings.

Mobile smartphone applications for body position measurement in rehabilitation: a review of goniometric tools.

Abstract: Objective To provide a systematic review of apps for smartphones validated for body position measurement relevant to physical medicine and rehabilitation. Type Systematic search and review. Literature Survey A literature search was conducted on relevant articles indexed by PubMed before April 15, 2014. We selected only research papers published in English. Papers dealing with apps not relevant to physical medicine and rehabilitation or unavailable on the market were excluded. Methodology Two independent reviewers screened the articles (full text).We analyzed the following information for all apps: target population, object of the measure, body segment evaluated, modality of use, operating platform system, and validation results. Synthesis The literature search produced 27 papers, 17 of which met the inclusion criteria for our review. The included papers featured 12 apps validated for angle measurement: 7 were validated exclusively for upper and lower limb joint angles, 4 for spine measurements, ie, cervical or lumbar range of motion and curvature, Cobb angle on radiographs, and the scoliotic distortions of the torso, and 1 for both upper limb and spine measurement. The 12 apps used the inbuilt smartphone magnetometer, accelerometer, or camera to produce angle measurements. Most of the studies assessed the smartphone-apps' reliability (calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients) and validity (showing the limits of agreement). Conclusion This review highlights the validated goniometer apps that physiatrists and other health care practitioners can use with confidence in research and clinical practice. We found 12 apps corresponding to these criteria, but there is a need for validation studies on available or new apps focused on goniometric measurement in dynamic conditions, eg, during gait or when performing therapeutic exercises.

Selecting β-glucosidases to support cellulases in cellulose saccharification

Abstract: Enzyme end-product inhibition is a major challenge in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose at a high dry matter consistency. β-glucosidases (BGs) hydrolyze cellobiose into two molecules of glucose, thereby relieving the product inhibition of cellobiohydrolases (CBHs). However, BG inhibition by glucose will eventually lead to the accumulation of cellobiose and the inhibition of CBHs. Therefore, the kinetic properties of candidate BGs must meet the requirements determined by both the kinetic properties of CBHs and the set-up of the hydrolysis process. The kinetics of cellobiose hydrolysis and glucose inhibition of thermostable BGs from Acremonium thermophilum (AtBG3) and Thermoascus aurantiacus (TaBG3) was studied and compared to Aspergillus sp. BG purified from Novozyme®188 (N188BG). The most efficient cellobiose hydrolysis was achieved with TaBG3, followed by AtBG3 and N188BG, whereas the enzyme most sensitive to glucose inhibition was AtBG3, followed by TaBG3 and N188BG. The use of higher temperatures had an advantage in both increasing the catalytic efficiency and relieving the product inhibition of the enzymes. Our data, together with data from a literature survey, revealed a trade-off between the strength of glucose inhibition and the affinity for cellobiose; therefore, glucose-tolerant BGs tend to have low specificity constants for cellobiose hydrolysis. However, although a high specificity constant is always an advantage, in separate hydrolysis and fermentation, the priority may be given to a higher tolerance to glucose inhibition. The specificity constant for cellobiose hydrolysis and the inhibition constant for glucose are the most important kinetic parameters in selecting BGs to support cellulases in cellulose hydrolysis.

Literature Survey on Diffusivities of Oxygen, Aluminum, and Vanadium in Alpha Titanium, Beta Titanium, and in Rutile

Abstract: A survey of diffusion data of interstitial oxygen and of the substitutional elements aluminum and vanadium is presented for alpha and beta titanium. It is based on a survey of literature. Oxygen is an important interstitial element in titanium alloys. Oxygen’s large chemical affinity to titanium is indicated by Ti—O bond energy of 2.12 eV,1 comparable to the Ti—Ti bond energy of 2.56 eV.2 Oxygen is difficult to eliminate completely from titanium, and commercial titanium alloys usually contain from 0.10 to 0.20 wt pct oxygen. Oxygen significantly affects the mechanical properties of titanium alloys1,3 and is sometimes used as an alloying element. The effects of oxygen on phase transformation ,4,5,6 Youngs modulus,7,8 hardness,9,10 fracture toughness,11 and other mechanical properties12 have been amply documented. Aluminum and vanadium are the most frequently used substitutional alloying elements. Aluminum is an alpha stabilizer and vanadium is a beta stabilizer.

Capsaicin--a literature survey.

Abstract: (1982). Capsaicin — A Literature Survey. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 321-339.