Literature survey

About: Literature survey is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 459196 citations.

Heteroptera as vectors of plant pathogens

Abstract: The ability of piercing-sucking insects to transmit plant disease is closely linked to feeding mode and target tissue. The true bugs (Heteroptera) are generally considered to be of minimal importance as vectors of plant pathogens, although they share similar feeding behaviors with homopterans. Modes of feeding in Heteroptera include "lacerate-and-flush", intracellular penetration to vascular tissue, and an osmotic pump mechanism to acquire cell contents without penetrating the cell membrane. The relationship between heteropteran taxonomy, feeding mode, and the type of pathogens transmitted is explored through a literature survey of feeding behavior and vectoring capability. Transmission by true bugs of fungal pathogens, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasmas, and trypanosomatid flagellatesis summarized; no records exist of bugs transmitting spiroplasmas. Trypanosomatid flagellates of plants appear to be harbored or transmitted exclusively by Pentatomomorpha (Lygaeioidea, Coreoidea, Pentatomoidea, and Pyrrhocoroidea). Bacterial and fungal transmission occurs among families representing both infraorders of phytophagous Heteroptera, but Miridae (Cimicomorpha) are most closely associated with bacteria, whereas Pentatomidae and Coreidae (Pentatomomorpha) predominate in transmission of fungi. Few cases of transmission of phytoplasmas and viruses are documented, but Cimicomorpha (traditionally categorized as destructive lacerate-and-flush feeders) are represented more frequently than expected, considering the tissue specificity of these pathogens. Literature emphasis on the exclusive or predominant role of homopterans as disease vectors may discourage initial investigations of true bugs; based on the results presented here, the necessity of including heteropterans in any survey of potential plant disease vectors is clear.

Renewable and non-renewable energy-growth-emissions linkages: Review of emerging trends with policy implications

Abstract: This study is an extension of the previous studies which focused mainly on energy-growth nexus but fails to consider the carbon emission implication of this relationship. The methodology of the study permits a comprehensive and comparative analysis of existing studies on (renewable and non-renewable) energy-growth-emission nexus in order to draw some implications for policy and research. The survey revealed the extent of the spread of studies across issues, time and geographical space (countries and regions). It also disclosed the range of methodological approaches adopted to analyse the issues over time and the frequency of their use. It unravelled the varied findings across countries and regions given the diverse methods employed and specific features of the economies analysed. Arising from the literature survey, this study highlights the existing gaps in the literature and new direction for policy and research. The general policy implication of the findings of this study is that pollution effect of energy-growth nexus should be taken into consideration in policy formulation for sustainable development. Further, the design of regional and global policies should recognise the fact that energy-growth-emission linkages varied across countries even in the same region. Some new direction for research on renewable and non-renewable energy-growth-emission linkages pointed out in this survey includes the following. Future research on energy-growth nexus without considering the pollution impact may not contribute so much to the literature. Studies should investigate the substitution/complementary effects of the energy varieties on growth-emission nexus, while new methodological contributions are imperative.