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Literature survey
About: Literature survey is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 459196 citations.
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TL;DR: The results indicate that climate warming might not be as a result of higher growth rates of cyanobacteria compared with their chlorophyte competitors, and can more likely be attributed to their ability to migrate vertically and prevent sedimentation in warmer and more strongly stratified waters and to their resistance to grazing, especially when warming reduces zooplankton body size.
Abstract: 1. The hypothesis that cyanobacteria have higher optimum growth temperatures and higher growth rates at the optimum as compared to chlorophytes was tested by running a controlled experiment with eight cyanobacteria species and eight chlorophyte species at six different temperatures (20–35 C) and by performing a literature survey. 2. In the experiment, all organisms except the chlorophyte Monoraphidium minutum grew well up to 35 C. The chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was the fastest-growing organism over the entire temperature range (20–35 C). 3. Mean optimum growth temperatures were similar for cyanobacteria (29.2 C) and chlorophytes (29.2 C). These results are concordant with published data, yielding slightly higher mean optimum growth temperatures for cyanobacteria (27.2 C) than for chlorophytes (26.3 C). 4. Mean growth rates of cyanobacteria at 20 C (0.42 day)1) were significantly lower than those of chlorophytes at 20 C (0.62 day)1). However, at all other temperatures, there were no differences between mean growth rates of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes. 5. Mean growth rates at the optimum temperature were similar for cyanobacteria (0.92 day)1) and chlorophytes (0.96 day)1). However, analysis of published data revealed that growth rates of cyanobacteria (0.65 day)1) were significantly lower than those of chlorophytes (0.93 day)1) at their optimum temperatures. 6. Although climate warming will probably lead to an intensification of cyanobacterial blooms, our results indicate that this might not be as a result of higher growth rates of cyanobacteria compared with their chlorophyte competitors. The competitive advantage of cyanobacteria can more likely be attributed to their ability to migrate vertically and prevent sedimentation in warmer and more strongly stratified waters and to their resistance to grazing, especially when warming reduces zooplankton body size.
352 citations
TL;DR: Specific research implicating tumor-microenvironment interaction as the molecular basis of cancer progression is summarized, providing a rationale for targeting tumor and the tumor associated microenvironment in the management of androgen independent and bone metastatic prostate cancer progression in patients.
349 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed their experience with 43 cases of bacterial spinal epidural abscess, as well as previously reported series of cases, and found a striking male predominance of the disease, accounting for 86% of cases.
346 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present very detailed case study evidence on contracts in four organizations, three of which are call centres, and test predictions from NEP with those of the earlier British Institutional School, which anticipated many of NEP's ideas on payment systems.
Abstract: 'The ultimate objective of empirical work on incentives should be to find out why firms use the compensation systems they doahuge advances in our understanding could be made by a concerted effort to collect data on contracts.'' So concludes the 1998 Journal of Economic Literature survey on compensation systems. This paper does just that. It presents very detailed case study evidence on contracts in four organizations, three of which are call centres, the fastest growing sector of employment in the UK. This evidence is used to test predictions from the New Economics of Personnel (NEP) concerning the incidence of payment systems. We also contrast and test predictions from NEP with those of the earlier British Institutional School, which anticipated many of NEP''s ideas on payment systems. Variations in the ratio of performance-related to basic pay among our organizations can, broadly, be explained by the costs and benefits of monitoring inputs and measuring output, which comprises the core of NEP. Indeed, the monitoring of our case study employees is the theme which binds the paper together u for call centres Jeremy Bentham''s 1791 Panopticon was truly the vision of the future.
345 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have briefly described important vegetable oils (VO) derived materials such as alkyds, polyesteramides, polyetheramides and polyurethanes, epoxies, polyols, along with their preparation and applications as protective coatings.
344 citations