Topic
Literature survey
About: Literature survey is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 459196 citations.
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TL;DR: An overview of the commercial and pre-commercial molecular diagnostics to address several questions and issues related to the limitations of current technologies and future research and development challenges to enable timely, rapid, low-cost, and accurate diagnosis of emerging infectious diseases.
245 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have discussed various aspects related to cavitation in hydro turbines, different causes for the declined performance and efficiency of the hydro turbines and suitable remedial measures suggested by various investigators have been discussed.
Abstract: Reaction turbines basically Francis turbines and propeller/Kaplan turbines are suitable for medium and low head hydropower sites. The management of the small hydropower plants is an important factor, for achieving higher efficiency of hydro turbines with time. Turbines show declined performance after few years of operation, as they get severely damaged due to various reasons. One of the important reasons is erosive wear of the turbines due to cavitation. Reaction turbines, however are more prone to cavitation especially Francis turbines where a zone in the operating range is seriously affected by cavitation and considered as forbidden zone. Cavitation is a phenomenon which manifests itself in the pitting of the metallic surfaces of turbine parts because of the formation of cavities. In the present paper, studies undertaken in this field by several investigators have been discussed extensively. Based on literature survey various aspects related to cavitation in hydro turbines, different causes for the declined performance and efficiency of the hydro turbines and suitable remedial measures suggested by various investigators have been discussed.
245 citations
TL;DR: A thorough and critical review on Shear Thickening Fluids (STF) is presented in this paper, where the authors discuss the rheological properties of STFs considering many factors affecting shear thickening behavior and the use of STF in protective systems.
244 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thorough investigation on the performance of broadband direct irradiance prediction using solar radiation models is detailed, and two new models were specifically developed for this study to provide state-of-the-art modelling of the broadband transmittances associated with the most important extinction processes in the atmosphere.
243 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed shifts in the production, decomposition, and standing stocks of soil glomalin in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) communities, plant dynamics, inorganic resources (e.g., N, P, and atmospheric CO 2 ), and land use regimes.
Abstract: Glomalin is an abundant soil glycoprotein that could sequester substantial amounts of C and N on a global scale. Nevertheless, major controls over the distribution of this compound in ecosystems are little understood. We reviewed shifts in the production, decomposition, and standing stocks of soil glomalin in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) communities, plant dynamics, inorganic resources (e.g., N, P, and atmospheric CO 2 ), and land use regimes. We also conducted a literature survey of glomalin concentrations from 22 ecosystems to test for relationships between standing stocks of glomalin and net primary productivity (NPP) and AM abundance. Globally, glomalin stocks were positively correlated with NPP but not with AM abundance. Rates of NPP may impose an upper bound for C available to AM fungi for glomalin construction. Availability of C to AM fungi appears to consistently influence glomalin dynamics in individual studies as well. Glomalin stocks are often greater where AM host plants are more abundant or are more effective hosts for the fungi (implying that more C is allocated to the fungi). In addition, elevated CO 2 frequently increases glomalin concentrations in soil. Other inorganic resources and land use change produce inconsistent effects on glomalin stocks. Overall, glomalin dynamics appear to be linked to C dynamics, and this relationship may allow us to better predict the contribution of glomalin to ecosystem feedbacks on global change.
243 citations