Topic
Literature survey
About: Literature survey is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 459196 citations.
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TL;DR: Categorize and evaluate algorithms for visual search reranking, which reorders visual documents based on multimodal cues to improve initial text-only searches, and discuss relevant issues such as data collection, evaluation metrics, and benchmarking.
Abstract: The explosive growth and widespread accessibility of community-contributed media content on the Internet have led to a surge of research activity in multimedia search. Approaches that apply text search techniques for multimedia search have achieved limited success as they entirely ignore visual content as a ranking signal. Multimedia search reranking, which reorders visual documents based on multimodal cues to improve initial text-only searches, has received increasing attention in recent years. Such a problem is challenging because the initial search results often have a great deal of noise. Discovering knowledge or visual patterns from such a noisy ranked list to guide the reranking process is difficult. Numerous techniques have been developed for visual search re-ranking. The purpose of this paper is to categorize and evaluate these algorithms. We also discuss relevant issues such as data collection, evaluation metrics, and benchmarking. We conclude with several promising directions for future research.
201 citations
TL;DR: To identify discrete steps in specimen fixation and processing that may impact immunostaining, assess the magnitude of reported effects in the literature, and highlight preanalytical variables that require further investigation, a literature survey and comparison with published immunohistochemistry guidelines were conducted.
Abstract: Context.—While formalin fixation and paraffin embedding has become a universal mechanism of tissue preservation and a gold standard for immunohistochemistry, fixation and processing variables that may confound assay effectiveness have received little attention from the scientific community. Objective.—To identify discrete steps in specimen fixation and processing that may impact immunostaining, assess the magnitude of reported effects in the literature, and highlight preanalytical variables that require further investigation. Data Sources.—Thirty-nine primary research articles that investigated immunohistochemical effects of 1 or more preanalytical variables were identified by our literature survey. Thresholds identified in the literature were then compared with published immunohistochemistry guidelines for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Conclusions.—Of the 62 preanalytical variables identified, 27 were examined in published research. Meta-analysis revealed 15 preanalytical variable...
201 citations
TL;DR: This paper aims to give a reliable overview of the chemical classification of natural polyphenols, which can be simply classified into flavonoids and non-flavonoids, or be subdivided in many sub-classes depending on the number of phenol units within their molecular structure, substituent groups, and/or the linkage type between Phenol units.
Abstract: Background: Polyphenols are natural compounds synthesized exclusively by plants with chemical features related to phenolic substances and eliciting strong antioxidants properties. Objective: The aim of this paper is to give a reliable overview of the chemical classification of natural polyphenols. Methods: Literature survey was done through google scholar, pubmed and scopus search engine. Results and Discussion: These molecules or classes of natural substances are characterized by two phenyl rings at least and one or more hydroxyl substituents. This description comprehends a large number of heterogeneous compounds with reference to their complexity. Therefore, polyphenols can be simply classified into flavonoids and non-flavonoids, or be subdivided in many sub-classes depending on the number of phenol units within their molecular structure, substituent groups, and/or the linkage type between phenol units. Polyphenols are widely distributed in plant tissues where they mainly exist in form of glycosides or aglycones. The structural diversity of flavonoid molecules arises from variations in hydroxylation pattern and oxidation state resulting in a wide range of compounds: flavanols, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and flavanonols.
201 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that predictions regarding the construction of barrier zones around breeding sites can be made based on mosquito and host density and human nuisance perception, and that barrier zone usefulness strongly depends on the mosquito species involved.
200 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a literature update of quantitative studies of water and sanitation services (WSS), with an emphasis on tracking the benchmarking literature, is presented, where the authors examine the scale, scope or density economies of utilities in a particular country or region, influence of ownership on efficiency, existence and power of incentives associated with different governance systems (including external regulation), and performance assessment (benchmarking).
199 citations