Lithography

About: Lithography is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23507 publications have been published within this topic receiving 348321 citations.

Nanoimprint lithography: 2D or not 2D? A review

Abstract: Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is more than a planar high-end technology for the patterning of wafer-like substrates. It is essentially a 3D process, because it replicates various stamp topographies by 3D displacement of material and takes advantage of the bending of stamps while the mold cavities are filled. But at the same time, it keeps all assets of a 2D technique being able to pattern thin masking layers like in photon- and electron-based traditional lithography. This review reports about 20 years of development of replication techniques at Paul Scherrer Institut, with a focus on 3D aspects of molding, which enable NIL to stay 2D, but at the same time enable 3D applications which are “more than Moore.” As an example, the manufacturing of a demonstrator for backlighting applications based on thermally activated selective topography equilibration will be presented. This technique allows generating almost arbitrary sloped, convex and concave profiles in the same polymer film with dimensions in micro- and nanometer scale.

Study of large area high density magnetic dot arrays fabricated using synchrotron radiation based x‐ray lithography

Abstract: Large area arrays of dots have been patterned in Au/Co/Au(111) sandwiches with ultrathin Co layers (0.6 to 2 nm) and a perpendicular easy magnetization axis. Dot dimensions down to 0.2 μm have been achieved using x‐ray lithography, with either positive resist and direct ion beam etching or a lift‐off process with aluminum mask. Both processes have been tested against the damages they induce to the fragile structure of the samples. The magneto‐optical effects and magnetization reversal processes in the arrays have been characterized versus Co thickness, dot dimension, and lattice aspect ratio. For high quality samples, the domain walls propagation mechanism that drives magnetization reversal in as‐grown films is drastically modified in dot arrays, leading to a large increase of the coercive field with dot diameter reduction, together with changes in the shape of the hysteresis loops.

Three-beam interference lithography: upgrading a Lloyd's interferometer for single-exposure hexagonal patterning.

Abstract: Three-beam interference lithography is used to create hole/dot photoresist patterns with hexagonal symmetry. This is achieved by modifying a standard two-beam Lloyd's mirror interferometer into a three-beam interferometer, with the position of the mirrors chosen to guarantee 120° symmetry of exposure. Compared to commonly used three-beam setups, this brings the advantage of simplified alignment, as the position of the mirrors with respect to the substrate is fixed. Pattern periodicities from several wavelengths λ down to 2/3λ are thus easily and continuously accessible by simply rotating the three-beam interferometer. Furthermore, in contrast to standard Lloyd's interferometers, only a single exposure is needed to create hole/dot photoresist patterns.