Topic
Livelihood
About: Livelihood is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15637 publications have been published within this topic receiving 233001 citations.
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07 Sep 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a framework for livelihoods analysis in rural Tanzania based on a case-study in Rural Tanzania, focusing on the gender and rural living conditions.
Abstract: PART I. CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS, AND FRAMEWORK 1. Livelihoods, Diversification, and Agrarian Change 2. A Framework for Livelihoods Analysis PART II. DIMENSIONS OF DIVERSE RURAL LIVELIHOODS 3. Determinants of Livelihood Diversification 4. Poverty and Income Distribution 5. Agriculture and Farm Productivity 6. Environment and Sustainability 7. Gender and Rural Livelihoods 8. Macro Policies and Reform Agendas PART III. INVESTIGATING LIVELIHOODS FOR POLICY PURPOSES 9. Methods and Livelihoods 10. A Case-Study in Rural Tanzania PART IV. LOOKING AHEAD 11. Livelihoods, Diversification, and Policies
3,639 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the recent literature on diversification as a livelihood strategy of rural households in developing countries, with particular reference to sub-Saharan Africa, and concluded that removal of constraints to, and expansion of opportunities for, diversification are desirable policy objectives because they give individuals and households more capabilities to improve livelihood security and to raise living standards.
Abstract: This article reviews the recent literature on diversification as a livelihood strategy of rural households in developing countries, with particular reference to sub‐Saharan Africa. Livelihood diversification is defined as the process by which rural families construct a diverse portfolio of activities and social support capabilities in order to survive and to improve their standards of living. The determinants and effects of diversification in the areas of poverty, income distribution, farm output and gender are examined. Some policy inferences are summarised. The conclusion is reached that removal of constraints to, and expansion of opportunities for, diversification are desirable policy objectives because they give individuals and households more capabilities to improve livelihood security and to raise living standards.
2,298 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce a special issue on the topic of income diversification and livelihoods in rural Africa: Cause and Consequence of change, where the authors concentrate on core conceptual issues that bedevil the literature on rural income diversity and the policy implications of the empirical evidence presented in this special issue.
1,726 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for analyzing social vulnerability is outlined, an aspect largely underemphasized in assessments of the impacts of climate change and climate extremes, which is defined as the exposure of individuals or collective groups to livelihood stress as a result of environmental change.
1,335 citations
TL;DR: Some recent work relevant to these farming systems is reviewed, a conceptual framework for understanding the diverse forms of impacts in an integrated manner is proposed, and future research needs are identified.
Abstract: Some of the most important impacts of global climate change will be felt among the populations, predominantly in developing countries, referred to as “subsistence” or “smallholder” farmers. Their vulnerability to climate change comes both from being predominantly located in the tropics, and from various socioeconomic, demographic, and policy trends limiting their capacity to adapt to change. However, these impacts will be difficult to model or predict because of (i) the lack of standardised definitions of these sorts of farming system, and therefore of standard data above the national level, (ii) intrinsic characteristics of these systems, particularly their complexity, their location-specificity, and their integration of agricultural and nonagricultural livelihood strategies, and (iii) their vulnerability to a range of climate-related and other stressors. Some recent work relevant to these farming systems is reviewed, a conceptual framework for understanding the diverse forms of impacts in an integrated manner is proposed, and future research needs are identified.
1,229 citations