Longitude

About: Longitude is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2260 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54988 citations. The topic is also known as: angle of longitude.

Solar Magnetic Cloud Producing Cosmic-Ray Storm, Magnetic Storm and Type IV Solar Radio Outburst

Abstract: At the Moscow Meeting in 1959, good correlation was reported between the cosmic-ray storms and the solar flares associated with Type IV radio outbursts. In order to confirm this result, the study was continued for the data during the period 1959-1980 and the following results were obtained. (1) Cosmic-ray storms are closely associated with the radio outbursts of Type IV (continuum). The result indicates that the eruption followed by the radio outburst of Type IV is the cause of cosmic-ray storm. (2) The size of cosmic-ray and magnetic storm was compared with the heiiographic longitude of the eruptions. Large magnetic storms occur after eruptions near the central meridian, while the size of cosmic-ray storm is independent of the heliographic longitude of the eruption. (3) From these results, a possible model of magnetized corpuscuiar cloud is presented which seems to be ejected from the sun with eruption followed by Type IV outburst. This model of magnetic cloud is a large total bulk with a core and appears to be able to consistently explain not only the facts above described but also the other earth storms. (auth)

Anticyclonic Activity over South Europe and its Relationship to Orography

Abstract: This is a study of anticyclonic activity over a past of southern Europe in which several anticyclogenetic areas have been noted. There is also a relationship between cyclonic and anticyclonic activity in this region. We also indicate that there is a very close association between the number of anticyclones and cyclones generated over a given “point” (a square 1° longitude by 1° latitude) and the Laplacian Δz0 = ∂2z0/∂x2 + ∂2z0/∂y2 up to these points. If the height of the earth's orography is denoted by z0 = z0(x,y), then the regions with concave terrain forms are such that Δz0 > 0, and vice versa. The above-mentioned close relationship between the number of anticyclones and cyclones generated and Δz0 is due to vertical motions in the real atmosphere, motions which appear because of the concavity and convexity of the terrain, i.e., because of Δz0. The conclusion drawn is that the vertical velocity component WΔz0, which arises because of Δz0, depends only on the magnitude of the wind velocity |V| b...

Reappraisal and Improvement of Winter Storm Track Indices in the North Pacific

Abstract: Various methods defining the storm track as well as its intensity and location are reviewed and summarized,and each index is reappraised using 44-year (1958-2001) ERA40 geopotential height data in winter.It has been found all these indices are consistent in describing the intensity of storm track,but they are quite different in describing the position.According to the main features of storm track over the North Pacific in winter,using 500-hPa synoptic-scale geopotential height data over the North Pacific and its surrounding areas (30°N-60°N,120°E-120°W),a method which better defines the storm track indices is proposed,that is,the values at the grid points with variance greater than 20 dagpm2 are averaged as the winter North Pacific storm track intensity index (NII),the average of the longitudes at the grid points is defined as the longitude index (NXI),and the average of the latitudes is defined as the latitude index (NYI).It is proved that the newly defined indices can better reflect the variation of the storm track in this study.It has also revealed that during the period of 1958/1959-2001/2002,the storm track over the North Pacific was slightly strengthened and tended to move southward and westward.The relationship between the strength and location was complicated before the mid-1970s,and it became quasi-consistent after the mid-1970s,with the location northward and eastward in the strong storm track stage,and vice versa.Moreover,such a long-term variation is related to the low-frequency variability of the Pacific sea-air systems,and the causes are sophisticated.