Topic
Longitude
About: Longitude is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2260 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54988 citations. The topic is also known as: angle of longitude.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial characteristics of the annual and seasonal temperature variations are described using principal components analysis of the station anomaly data, and the first two principal components are similar PC1-winter is also similar to the winter pattern for linen trend found by van Loon and Williams for 1956-73.
Abstract: Antarctic temperature variations for 1957°82 have been objectively analyzed by gridding monthly data, from 16 stations, onto a 5° latitude by 10° longitude grid, from 65 to 90°S. These gridded data were used to calculate monthly values of the spatial mean temperature south of 65°S. The uncertainty in the area average is estimated to be 0.22°C for the annual values prior to 1970. After 1970 there is an additional uncertainty of about 0.10−0.16°C due to the cessation of Byrd station. The annual mean and summer areas averages show significant linear warming trends amounting to 0.74 and 0.77°C respectively. Spatial characteristics of the annual and seasonal temperature variations are described using principal components analysis of the station anomaly data. The first two principal components of the annual and winter data are similar PC1-winter is also similar to the winter pattern for linen trend found by van Loon and Williams for 1956–73. The warming trend associated with this pattern ceased in the ...
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Mt. Wilson Observatory data from 1917-1985 to analyze the active region tilt angle as a function of solar cycle, hemisphere, and longitude, in addition to the more common dependence on latitude.
Abstract: Bipolar active regions in both hemispheres tend to be tilted with respect to the East–West Equator of the Sun in accordance with Joy’s law, which describes the average tilt angle as a function of latitude. Mt. Wilson Observatory data from 1917 – 1985 are used to analyze the active-region tilt angle as a function of solar cycle, hemisphere, and longitude, in addition to the more common dependence on latitude. Our main results are as follows: i) We recommend a revision of Joy’s law towards a weaker dependence on latitude (slope of 0.13 – 0.26) and without forcing the tilt to zero at the Equator. ii) We determine that the hemispheric mean tilt value of active regions varies with each solar cycle, although the noise from a stochastic process dominates and does not allow for a determination of the slope of Joy’s law on an 11-year time scale. iii) The hemispheric difference in mean tilt angles, 1.1∘±0.27, over Cycles 16 to 21 was significant to a three-σ level, with average tilt angles in the Northern and Southern hemispheres of 4.7∘±0.26 and 3.6∘±0.27, respectively. iv) Area-weighted mean tilt angles normalized by latitude for Cycles 15 to 21 anticorrelate with cycle strength for the southern hemisphere and whole-Sun data, confirming previous results by Dasi-Espuig et al. (Astron. Astrophys. 518, A7, 2010). The Northern Hemispheric mean tilt angles do not show a dependence on cycle strength. v) Mean tilt angles do not show a dependence on longitude for any hemisphere or cycle. In addition, the standard deviation of the mean tilt is 29 – 31∘ for all cycles and hemispheres, indicating that the scatter is due to the same consistent process even if the mean tilt angles vary.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, sections of closely spaced CTD stations along Longs were used to define two deep, nearly zonal currants, with speed increasing upward, in the subarctic Pacific.
Abstract: Sections of closely spaced CTD stations along Longs. 165°W, 175°W and 175°E, in combination with 14-month current records from the central longitude, define two deep, nearly zonal currants, with speed increasing upward, in the subarctic Pacific. One flows eastward above the Aleutian Rise and Aleutian Trench, and appears to be a concentration of geostrophic flow forced by the bottom topography. The other flows westward along the Aleutian Island Arc, and is the northern-boundary current predicted by deep-circulation theory. Both currents reach to the sea surface, the boundary current being simply the deep part of the Alaskan Stream. The current records were too few to permit better than rough estimates of volume transports but to the extent that they could be combined with thermal-wind calculations they suggest, at 175°W, (1) a transport of 28 × 106 m3 s−1 for the Alaskan Stream, of whch 5 × 106 m3 s−1 was found below 1500 m, and (2) a transport of around 20 × 1O6 m3 s−1 for the eastward jet, of wh...
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an accurate determination of the Mars pole vector derived from Pathfinder and Viking Lander radio data, together with the VSOP87 representation of planetary orbits, have been applied to a new evaluation of the right ascension of the "fictitious mean sun" (FMS) at Mars.
84 citations
TL;DR: Satellite infrared observations of the Bay of Bengal during the latter part of February 1985 reveal the existence of two bands of warm water that resemble western boundary currents along the east coasts of India and Sri Lanka.
Abstract: Satellite infrared observations of the Bay of Bengal during the latter part of February 1985 reveal the existence of two bands of warm water that resemble western boundary currents along the east coasts of India and Sri Lanka. A recently formed elliptical warm core eddy, with a major axis of nearly 150 km, appears at longitude 90°E and latitude 19°N at the end of the axis of the current. Color infrared images of sea surface temperature are used to illustrate the sea surface temperature patterns and to estimate their displacements with time.
83 citations