Showing papers on "Low protein published in 1973"

Use of dextran coated charcoal to separate antibody-bound from free hormone: a critique.

Abstract: The charcoal adsorption of 125IHTSH and 125I-HTSH-antibody complex was studied at low and high protein concentrations with uncoated charcoal and charcoal coated with D10, D40, or D150 dextran in varying charcoal concentrations. Both bound and free hormone adsorbed to charcoal, but the adsorption of the “bound” was low compared with that of the “free.” Regardless of the protein concentration, the uncoated charcoal was able to carry out an efficient “bound” and “free” separation. However, at low protein concentrations, dextran coating improved slightly the quality of the separation. When high protein concentrations (serum) were present, uncoated charcoal most efficiently separated bound from free hormone. These data indicated that, using the charcoal adsorption phenomenon, proteins are competitive with the hormone and the hormone-antibody complex; adsorption decreases as the protein concentration increases. Dextran coating diminishes, without inhibiting, the complex adsorption and also reduces free hormone ...

On the pathomechanism of development of postsurgical lymphedema.

Abstract: Lymphangiographic, histological, electronenmicroscopic, biochemical and lymph pressure studies were carried out in a group of 26 dogs after the operation for production of persistent postsurgical lymphedema. The purpose of the study was to follow the history of development of obstructive lymphedema, and to chronologically document alterations in the limb lymphatics. The most interesting findings were: lack of correlation between the intensity of edema and radiological changes which usually preceded the appearance of edema, lack of lymph hypertension, low protein concentration, permanent patency of interendothelial junctions of lymph capillaries and ineffectiveness of the muscular pump in forcing the interstitial fluid into the lymph capillaries and propelling the lymph along the lymph collectors.

Endosperm Protein of Wheat Seed as a Determinant of Seedling Growth

Abstract: Seed of a Mexican semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Inia 66), was obtained from a nitrogen fertilizer field trial grown in Mexico. A high positive correlation was obtained between seed protein content and seedling dry weight after 3 weeks growth (r = +0.92**). The seedling dry weight was positively related to the protein content of the aleurone layer and endosperm, but not to the embryo. Small, 35 milligrams, high protein seeds (4.7 milligrams protein per seed) produced larger seedlings than large, 45 milligrams, low protein seeds (4.3 milligram protein per seed). There was no difference in the weight or protein content of embryos from low and high protein seeds and their growth was similar. Composite seeds of the two protein levels were produced by transferring embryos from one endosperm type to the other. After 4 weeks, there was no difference between the different embryo types grown on the same endosperm type. High protein endosperm produced more vigorous seedlings regardless of the embryo type grown on it, indicating that the factor(s) responsible for the greater growth of high protein seed is in the endosperm.

Concentration of carbamazepine (Tegretol) in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with epilepsy.

Abstract: SUMMARY The total concentration of carbamazepine in serum and in CSF was measured in 19 patients with epilepsy. It is generally assumed that the unbound is the therapeutically active fraction and that the unbound fractions in serum and in CSF are in diffusional equilibrium, that in CSF representing nearly the total amount in CSF because of the low protein content there. By measuring the total concentration in both serum and CSF, the unbound fraction in serum was calculated to be 22.0 ±5.0% of the total. Since the ratio between dosage in mg/kg body weight and concentration of carbamazepine in serum showed marked individual differences, dosage must be adjusted according to the serum level in each patient. RESUME La concentration totale de carbamazepine dans le serum et dans le liquide cephalo-rachidien (LCR) a ete mesure chez 19 patients epileptiques. II est generalement admis que la fraction libre est la fraction active du point de vue therapeutique et que les fractions libres dans le serum et le LCR sont en equilibre osmotique; cependant dans le LCR, etant donne le faible taux de proteines, cette fraction en represente la presque totalite. En mesurant la concentration totale en meme temps dans le serum et le LCR, la fraction libre dans le serum represente 22.0 ± 5.0% de la totalite. Le rapport entre le dosage en mg/kg et la concentration de carbamazepine dans le serum ayant montre des differences individuelles importantes, le dosage doit etre evalue en tenant compte du taux serique chez chaque patient. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Gesamtkonzentration von Carbamazepine wurde im Serum und im Liquor von 19 Patienten mit Epilepsie gemessen. Es wird angenommen, dass die ungebundene die therapeutisch aktive Form darstellt und das die ungebundene Fraktion im Serum und im Liquor in einem Diffusionsgleichgewicht stehen. Durch den niedrigen Eiweissgehalt im Liquor wird deshalb nahezu die ganze Fraktion im Liquor nach-gewiesen. Eine Messung der Gesamtkonzentration im Liquor sowohl als auch im Serum ergab, dass die ungebundene Fraktion im Serum etwa 22 ± 50 der Gesamt-fraktion betrug. Da die Angaben zwischen der Dosierung in mg/kg Korpergewicht und die Konzentration von Carbamazepine im Serum bestimmte individuelle Unterschiede zeigten, muss die Dosierung dem Serumspiegel jedes Patienten angepasst werden. RESUMEN La concentracion total de carbamazepina en el suero y el liquido cefalorraquido (LCR) ha sido determinada en 19 pacientes epilepticos. Se admite en general que la fraccion libre es la terapeuticamente activa y que dicha fraccion libre esta en equilibrio en el suero y LCR ya que esta concentracion en el LCR representa casi el total debido al bajo nivel de proteinas que contiene. Midiendo la concentracion total en suero y LCR se ha calculado la fraccion libre en el suero que es aproximademente un 22.0 ±5.0% del total. Se ha visto que existen marcados diferencias individuales desde que se conoce la relacion entre dosage en mg/kg de peso y concentracion de carbamazepina en el suero, dicho dosage sera ajustado teniendo en cuenta el nivel serico de cada paciente.

The protein-calorie ratio of West African diets and their relationship to protein calorie malnutrition.

Abstract: The protein calorie ratios of regional dietary patterns in West Africa have been examined. The contributions of staple foods, pulses, fish, meat and milk to protein intake, and the protein calorie percentages of West African diets have been mapped by region. The protein calorie percentages for West African diets ranged from 6.5 to 16.0 which is considerably greater than those of 11.0 to 14.0 found in most other parts of the world. The diets of the dry zones of West Africa had protein calorie ratios equal or even higher than those of Western countries. Conversely, there was a vast region encompassing the humid zones of West Africa where the levels were below 10 percent. Clinical surveys showed that frank kwashiorkor occured almost exclusively in the zone of low protein calorie ratios while marasmus affected children throughout West Africa.

The study of some properties of rapeseed protein with a view to protein concentrate production

Abstract: Optimum conditions for extraction and precipitation of rapeseed proteins have been defined: 10% NaCl extracts 70% of the total nitrogen (Nt) of a laboratory defatted flour and 0.1 N-NaOH, 89% (but only 62% of the Nt of an industrial oil meal). The maximum precipitation of these proteins occurs at pH 3 (NaCl extract) and pH 6.5 (NaOH extract) with fairly low yields (22 and 51% of protein nitrogen, respectively). The explanation lies in the distinctive behaviour of two protein groups. The first one, composed of high molecular weight proteins, is readily precipitated by HCl; the second one, comprised of basic, low molecular weight proteins of excellent amino-acid composition, is precipitated with great difficulty (trichloroacetic acid). Furthermore, the low protein yields generally reported also originate in important differences in solubility between laboratory defatted flour and industrial meal proteins, probably due to the denaturing action of heat and moisture used in oil-processing.

Tryptophanyl-Transfer Ribonucleic-Acid Synthetase from Beef Pancreas

Abstract: Binding of tryptophan, tryptamine and ATP to tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase was studied by equilibrium dialysis experiments. There are two binding sites per mole of enzyme both for tryptophan and for tryptamine. Ks for tryptophan is 0.95 μM and for tryptamine is 1.8 μM. In the case of ATP no binding could be measured over the range of concentrations examined. The Scatchard plots of tryptophan and tryptamine binding do not shown any cooperativity between the subunits. Dissociation of the dimeric enzyme was studied at very low protein concentration. Upon dilution of the enzyme both the [32P]PPi-ATP isotope exchange activity and the tRNA charging activity are lost simultaneously. Kinetic evidence demonstrates that the inactivation is primarily due to the dissociation of the active dimer into inactive monomers. The dissociation is strongly promoted by alkaline pH and is inhibited by the presence of tryptophan or tryptophanyladenylate but not by that of tRNA. The dissociation constant of the dimer-monomer equilibrium at pH 8.5 is 15 nM at 25 °C. The dissociation form is more susceptible to denaturation than the dimeric species. The results reported in the paper suggest that even if there are not binding interactions between the subunits, the active conformation of the enzyme depends on their associated state.

Refrigerated biscuit dough

Abstract: A refrigerated biscuit dough that is storage stable at refrigerated temperatures for at least 45 days is provided. The baked biscuits have a physical appearance, texture, and taste closely resembling that of homemade biscuits. The dough is comprised of a low protein farinaceous material, shortening in both chip and plastic form, water and chemical leavening. The dough is mixed only long enough to provide machinability and dough stability during storage.

The excretion of urate and cationic electrolytes by the kidney of the male domestic fowl ( Gallus domesticus )

Abstract: Four groups of roosters were obtained from combinations of high and low protein diets (33% or 11%), and two drinking solutions (tap water or 1% NaCl solution). Ureteral urine was analyzed for urate, Na+ and K+, in both the liquid and precipitated fractions of the urine. Birds fed a high protein diet-salt water combination excreted unusually large amounts of urate. In all groups, most of the excreted urate was in the form of a precipitate. This precipitate also contained large amounts of Na+ and K+ (Table 2). The presence of abundant urinary urate, due to high protein diet and large NaCl intake, aids in the excretion of Na+ and K+, by reducing their contribution to the osmotic pressure of the urine. However, some of these cations, although present in the urine precipitates, do not appear to be in the form of monobasic urate salts. The significance of urate in the excretion of electrolytes is discussed.

The performance of calves given concentrate diets treated with formaldehyde

Abstract: Five groups of Friesian bull calves were given concentrate diets containing 70 % barley in which low (12 %), medium (15 %), and high (19%) protein levels were obtained by varying the amount of peanut meal included. The effects of protein level and of formaldehyde treatment of the complete diet at the low and medium protein levels were studied in terms of liveweight gain, voluntary food consumption, digestibility of the diet, ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid, and urea and a-amino nitrogen in blood plasma. Observations were begun when the calves reached 70 kg liveweight and continued until they reached 130 kg liveweight. The calves given the low protein diets grew more slowly than those given the higher protein diets. The calves given the high protein diet grew no better than those given the medium protein diets. Formaldehyde treatment was associated with an increase in the rate of liveweight gain of 9% (P = 0.11) at the low protein level but had practically no effect at the medium protein level. The treatment did not adversely affect voluntary food consumption but was associated with decreases in the digestibility of nitrogen and in rumen ammonia levels and small increases in plasma urea levels.

Rates of photosynthesis in leaves of wheat and barley varieties.

Abstract: In 18 cultivars of spring wheat the range of difference in rate of photosynthesis of leaves was 22% (range 325-414 mg co2/cm2h), and in 12 cultivars of spring barley the difference range was 20% (range 284-366 mg CO2/cm2h) Measurement difficulties were initially found because of a high degree of variability within cultivars, but these were partly resolved by improving the conditions under which the plants were grown Rates of photosynthesis reached a maximum in leaves that had attained their ultimate area, and then decreased gradually with ageing of the leaves No evidence was found for regulation of photosynthesis by the demand for assimilates; photosynthetic capacity was determined mainly by leaf age Low N supply and the resulting low protein content of leaves reduced the rate of photosynthesis In leaves of a given age, but not in leaves of different ages, rate of photosynthesis was correlated with leaf protein content (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

The effects on egg production and egg composition of adding supplements of amino acids and/or urea or dried auto‐claved poultry manure to a low‐protein layer diet

Abstract: Synopsis Thirty‐five laying hens of a medium‐weight hybrid strain, aged 10 months, were given a basal diet containing 11.5% protein or the same diet supplemented with 1.54% essential amino acids and/or with two sources of nitrogen for the synthesis of non‐essential amino acids (1.15% urea or 9.7% dried autoclaved poultry manure) for an 8‐week period. Egg production, food intake, food conversion efficiency, the gross efficiency of nitrogen conversion and the ability of hens to maintain body weight were improved by supplementation with essential amino acids (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Supplementation with dried autoclaved poultry manure raised food intake, total egg mass and mean egg weight (P < 0.05), but supplementation with urea alone did not result in significantly higher egg production, perhaps because it failed to increase food intake. Supplementation with essential amino acids and urea to give the equivalent of 16% protein did not result in significantly higher egg production than that obtained with urea...

Boophilus Annulatus: Effect of Host Nutrition on Development of Female Ticks

Abstract: In each of 5 tests, groups of yearling Holstein steers fed a diet containing low protein and fat consistently yielded larger numbers of engorged female Boophilus annulatus (Say) than steers on a high protein and fat diet. Larger numbers of ticks were collected from steers that were losing weight than from steers that were gaining weight. The effects of both tick infestation and nutritional status influenced the hematocrit and serum cholesterol values of the steers. The nature of the resistance to ticks in cattle fed the high protein and fat diet proved to be primarily physiological rather than behavioral when steers were prevented from self-grooming.

Observations on the effect of protein intake and stage of gestation on the proportion of urinary nitrogen excreted as urea in sheep

Abstract: The effect of altering the level of protein intake on urea excretion in ewes was assessed in two separate experiments. In Expt 1, 14 pregnant (during the last 20 days of gestation) and 10 non-pregnant ewes were each offered a different level of digested N intake in the range 5–25 g/day. At all levels of protein intake urea N excretion was lower in pregnant than in nonpregnant ewes. In Expt 2, 21 pregnant ewe lambs were each offered one of three diets supplying mean intakes of 83 (T1), 113 (T2) or 147 (T3) g crude protein/day. During the last 100 days of gestation the mean levels of urea N excretion were 6·9, 11·0 and 15·2 g/day for T1, T 2 and T 3, respectively. The corresponding values for urinary N excretion were 9·3, 13·8 and 18·2 g/day. At all levels of protein intake urea N excretion was lower just prior to parturition than 95 days prepartum; the difference was correlated with lamb birth weight and maternal body-weight change. A notable feature of both experiments was the low level of urea N excretion by the pregnant ewes in late gestation, at low protein intakes. It would appear that when energy intake is adequate the decrease in urea N excretion associated with pregnancy is a direct result of an increased N requirement for maternal and/or foetal growth.

Effect of medium chain triglycerides and dietary protein on cholesterol absorption and deposition in the chicken.

Abstract: The effects of cholic acid, medium-chain triglycA©rides (MCT) and corn oil on the absorption and disposition of cholesterol were studied in chicks fed different sources and levels of dietary protein. In chicks fed MCT, absorption of dietary cholesterol was appreciable, but less than with corn oil. Plasma and liver cholesterol levels were higher on low protein as compared to high protein intakes, despite a similar rate of cholesterol absorption and a greater intake of dietary cholesterol on the high protein diets. Growth efficiency differences may partially explain this observation. Dietary cholic acid increased the cholesterol pool in comparison to birds not given this bile acid; however, there was little, if any, effect of cholic acid on cholesterol absorption. Chicks fed methionine-supplemented soybean meal had generally lower plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations than chicks fed casein (supplemented with arginine, glycine and methionine) as the source of dietary protein. The soybean meal-fed chicks elimi nated considerably more cholesterol in their excreta than the casein-fed birds, resulting in an increase in the apparent retention of cholesterol for the latter; this retention could account for the elevated plasma and liver cholesterol levels observed. J. Nutr. 103: 923-928, 1973.

The use of low‐protein diets in the 12‐ to 18‐week period of light hybrid pullets

Abstract: Synopsis Three diets, containing nearly 12.5 MJ/kg (3.0 kcal ME/g) and 14.6, 11.3 and 9.1 % crude protein, were fed to 1680 light‐hybrids from 12 to 18 weeks of age. Body weight at 18 weeks was depressed by 5 and 9% and age at sexual maturity delayed by 2.4 d and 2.8 d for groups fed the intermediate and lowest protein diets respectively. Mortality during the experiment was slightly higher in the group receiving the higher protein diet. There were no consistent or significant treatment differences in mortality during the laying period. Both hen‐day rate of lay and egg weight decreased slightly and insignificantly but progressively with decreasing protein level of diets fed in the 12‐ to 18‐week period. Savings in food costs in the 12‐ to 18‐week period from feeding the cheaper lower‐protein diets were more than offset by the reductions in egg output and returns which resulted.

Characteristics and Varietal Differences of α-Amylase Isozymes in Rice Callus Tissues

Abstract: The characterization and varietal differences of α-amylase isozymes in rice callus tissues were studied by disc electrophoresis and gel electricfocusing on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (isoelectricfocusing). (1) Amylase in callus tissues grown on a Maeda's chemical defined medium containing 10-5M 2, 4-D was resolved into six isozymes by disc electrophoresis and ten by isoelectricfocusing. From the investigations on heat (70°C, 15 min.) stability, Ca2+ -requirement and EDTA (5 × 10-3M)resistancy of ten isozymes by isoelectricfocusing, we found that all of these isozymes were α-amylase, and only one isozyme (band a), which was fastest-migrating and most acidic, was a new rice o'-amylase that was not required Ca2+ and not inactivated by EDTA. (2) Some biochemical changes in Aichi asahi callus tissues grown in the 10-5M 2, 4-D medium containing various carbon sourses (glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, xylose, galactose, arabinose and soluble starch) which were added in place of sucrose, were investigated. The growth, α-amylase isozyme patterns and protein content in callus tissues grown in soluble starch were not different from sucrose medium. In all sugars, as only arabinose did not allow the callus growth, it was suggested that this sugar was inappropriate as carbon sourse. The banding patterns of α-amylase isozymes in arabinose medium were different from other sugars, that is, amylase "g" was strongly inhibited. (3) α-Amylase isozyme banding patterns in callus tissues of three normal varieties (Ginbozu, Aichi asahi, Te-Tep) and three dwarf varieties (Tan ginbozu, Waisei shinriki, Kotake tamanishiki), which were studied by isoelectricfocusing, were different from each others and these isozyme activities were changed in compliance with total α-amylase activity. α-Amylase activity in Tan ginbozu callus tissus was lowest in six varieties, but this callus tissus contains ten isozymes. Hence, this dwarfism is not elucidated by changes in isozyme banding patterns. (4) Changes in α-amylase activity and its isozymes in rice variety, Fujiminori and its four strains (Reimei, 71, 71L, and 71S) derived by 60Co-irradiation were studied. The callus tissue of strain "71", which showed the low plant height and was thus dwarf mutant, represented poor growth, low protein content and low enzyme activity. Beside, each activity of ten α-amylase isozymes were relatively low. The callus tissue of strain "71S", which showed the lowest plant height, represented the same biochemical changes as ones of Fujiminori.

Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in monkeys fed adequate protein & low proein diets.

Abstract: The effects of 2 oral contraceptives Ovulen and Norlestrin were studied in monkeys fed adequate protein and low protein diets. The experiment was carried out in parts. In the first one the administration of contraceptives was cyclic and similar to that employed in human subjects. In the other experiments the contraceptives were given continuously and an attempt was made to exaggerate the deleterious effects of the oral contraceptive on the liver by including small doses of a known hepatotoxic agent aflatoxin (AT). In Experiment 1 45 female monkeys were divided into 2 groups of 20 and 25 and received an adequate protein (16%) and low protein diet (4%) respectively. Each monkey was fed 1/5 of a tablet of Ovulen or Norlestrin orally for 3 weeks and then administration was discontinued for 1 week. In Experiment 2 35 female monkeys were divided into 7 groups of 5 each. All the animals recieved 4% protein diet. 5 groups were tube fed at the rate of 100 cal/kg body weight while 2 groups were given diet ad libitum. Group I received the diet alone while groups II-V received 10 mcg AT 25 mcg AT 10 mcg AT plus 1/5 Ovulen tablets and 25 mcg AT plus 1/5 Ovulen tablet respectively daily. Groups VI and VII received the diet ad libitum but were orally fed 75 mcg AT and 75 mcg AT plus 1/5 Ovulen tablet respectively. Serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity were studied at regular intervals after the administation of oral contraceptives in the experiments. Serum proteins and hemoglobin were also determined. Monkeys fed oral contraceptives showed increased serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities irrespective of the level of protein in the diet. Livers of animals receiving oral contraceptives were morphologically similar to the controls fed respective diets. The experiments were conducted for a period of almost 2 years.