Showing papers on "Low protein published in 1988"
TL;DR: Among the known plasma protein deficiencies associated with venous thrombosis, protein S and protein C deficiencies emerge as the leading identifiable associated abnormalities.
Abstract: The frequency of heterozygous protein C and protein S deficiency, detected by measuring total plasma antigen, in a group (n = 141) of young unrelated patients (less than 45 years old) with venous thrombotic disease was studied and compared to that of antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and plasminogen deficiencies. Among 91 patients not receiving oral anticoagulants, six had low protein S antigen levels and one had a low protein C antigen level. Among 50 patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy, abnormally low ratios of protein S or C to other vitamin K-dependent factors were presented by one patient for protein S and five for protein C. Thus, heterozygous Type I protein S deficiency appeared in seven of 141 patients (5%) and heterozygous Type I protein C deficiency in six of 141 patients (4%). Eleven of thirteen deficient patients had recurrent venous thrombosis. In this group of 141 patients, 1% had an identifiable fibrinogen abnormality, 2% a plasminogen abnormality, and 3% an antithrombin III deficiency. Thus, among the known plasma protein deficiencies associated with venous thrombosis, protein S and protein C deficiencies (9%) emerge as the leading identifiable associated abnormalities.
247 citations
TL;DR: Examination of a sample joint from the carcases showed infection was associated with a marked reduction in muscle mass in lambs given the low protein diet relative to the control animals, and infection did not appear adversely to affect the digestive efficiency, nitrogen retention or iron absorption in either dietary group.
122 citations
TL;DR: The high protein diet significantly increased locomotion score, the number and duration of clinical cases of lameness and outer toe length, andHoof growth was significantly increased by trimming, and mid-sole hardness was negatively correlated with locomotion Score.
Abstract: In an experiment during weeks 3 to 26 of lactation, two groups of 12 cows were offered a mixed concentrate/grass silage diet containing 161 g crude protein per kg dry matter, and two similar groups a diet containing 198 g crude protein per kg dry matter. The concentrate: forage ratios and the daily metabolizable energy intakes were the same for all four groups. The cows in one of the two groups at each crude protein level had their hooves trimmed prior to parturition, the other group remaining untrimmed. The high protein diet significantly increased locomotion score (higher scores indicate poorer locomotion), the number and duration of clinical cases of lameness and outer toe length. Trimming of hooves reduced locomotion scores and the number and duration of clinical cases. Hoof growth was significantly increased by trimming. Mid-sole hardness was negatively correlated with locomotion score. At the two extremes, the low protein trimmed group had five cows lame for an average of 1·0 weeks, whereas the high protein untrimmed group had nine cows lame for an average of 4-2 weeks. Condition score and live-weight change were negatively correlated with locomotion score. There were no significant differences between treatments in milk solids yield.
111 citations
TL;DR: The molecular mass of an oligomeric integral membrane protein, the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex from the photosynthetic membranes of chloroplasts, has been determined in detergent solution by analytical ultracentrifugation and measurement of the density increment at constant chemical potential of all diffusible solutes.
Abstract: The molecular mass of an oligomeric integral membrane protein, the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex from the photosynthetic membranes of chloroplasts, has been determined in detergent solution by analytical ultracentrifugation and measurement of the density increment at constant chemical potential of all diffusible solutes. The technique used eliminates any problems resulting from detergent binding to the protein, is independent of the particular detergent used (in this case the nonionic n-octyl β-D-glucopyranoside), and gives the apparent weight-average molecular mass at different protein concentrations, allowing extrapolation to zero concentration. It means that the solutions of the complex must be brought to dialysis equilibrium with the solvent detergent solution and also requires a reliable method for measuring the protein concentration, for which amino acid analysis was used. The detergent-solubilized complex was a trimer that dissociated into monomers and dimers at low protein concentration. The accurate concentration determinations also allowed the molar chlorophyll-to-protein ratio to be measured as 15, corresponding to 8 chlorophyll a and 7 chlorophyll b molecules.
107 citations
TL;DR: Hooded seal milk contains the highest dry matter, fat, and gross energy contents that have been reported for any mammalian milk, and the proportion of milk energy contributed by protein is the lowest known for any mammal.
Abstract: We obtained milk from 22 hooded seals on pack ice off the southeast coast of Labrador. Milk composition was not affected by degree of mammary evacuation or method of milk collection (drug immobilization vs. postmortem collection). Lactation stage exerted relatively little influence on milk composition over the course of the 4-day lactation period, but colostrum was higher in crude protein content. At mid to late lactation (2 – 4 days postpartum), hooded seal milk contains the highest dry matter (70%), fat (61%), and gross energy (5.9 kcal/g) contents that have been reported for any mammalian milk. This high fat content may be essential to achievement of the extremely rapid rate of fat deposition (about 4 kg/d) by suckling pups. The relatively low protein content (4.9%) at mid to late lactation is consistent with the small proportion of postnatal weight gain that is lean body mass. The proportion of milk energy contributed by protein is the lowest known for any mammal.
78 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that rat hepatic microsomal enzymes are induced by dietary DUFO and that the level of induction is influenced by dietary protein level.
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of deteriorated used frying oil (DUFO) and dietary protein levels upon the hepatic microsomal drugmetabolizing enzyme system. Fresh soybean oil was subjected to a deep-frying process at 205±5°C for four six-hr periods. The resultant DUFO was incorporated into high protein (HU) (27% lactalbumin) or low protein (LU) (8% lactalbumin) test diets at a 15% level. High protein (HF) and low protein (LF) diets containing fresh soybean oil served as the control. Male Long-Evans young rats fed the test diets for eight weeks showed decreased fat absorption and increased red blood cell (RBC) in vitro hemolysis. The activities of hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase (AD), aniline hydroxylase (AH), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase (NCD), UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as cytochrome P-450 content were significantly increased in rats fed the HU diet. However, the AD, AH and GST activities, as well as the cytochrome P-450 content of the LU group, were increased to a lesser extent and significantly lower than those of the HU group. Rats fed the LU diet were the only group that showed significantly elevated serum GOT (E.C. 2.6.1.1, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase) and GPT (E.C. 2.6.1.2, glutamatepyruvate transaminase) values. Supplementation of 0.3% DL-methionine to the HU diet further increased GST activity. Unexpectedly, rats fed the low protein control diet (LF) also had raised levels of AD, AH and UDPGT activities as well as in vitro RBC hemolysis. It was concluded that rat hepatic microsomal enzymes are induced by dietary DUFO and that the level of induction is influenced by dietary protein level.
70 citations
TL;DR: Comparison between different series of patients studied in different countries with the same method suggests that kwashiorkor or cassava consumption have no evident role in the etiology of chronic tropical pancreatitis and the possible role of a low fat diet is suggested.
Abstract: The usual consumption of calories, fat, protein, and carbohydrate, and the exocrine pancreatic function estimated in duodenal juice after an intravenous injection of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK), have been studied with the same method and by the same team in Kerala (South India) and in Marseille (France) in apparently normal children (7 Indians, 21 French), in normal adults (23 Indians, 17 French), and in patients presenting with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (8 Indian children, 28 Indian adults, 25 French adults). Although they had a low protein intake (children controls: 32.1 +/- 14 g/day (SM), children pancreatitis: 51.1 +/- 15, adult controls: 51.3 +/- 4.9, adult pancreatitis: 55.7 +/- 5.7), the exocrine secretion of Indian controls was not very much modified in comparison with Europeans. Therefore, Indians are less affected by the insufficient diet than the population of Ivory Coast previously studied by the same group. The diet of Indian patients is characterized by a moderately low protein intake and a very low fat intake (18.5 g/day +/- 2.3 (SM) for children 23.4 g/day + 2.7 for adult patients). Comparison between different series of patients studied in different countries with the same method suggests that kwashiorkor or cassava consumption have no evident role in the etiology of chronic tropical pancreatitis. The possible role of a low fat diet is suggested and needs further exploration.
68 citations
TL;DR: A simulation of population growth using a deterministic population growth model showed that immigration must have occurred during this period, probably mainly during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and this net influx together with a high and stable reproductive success and a high annual survival rate resulted in exponential increase in numbers.
Abstract: Fecundity, survival, immigration and emigration in a recently established population of Barnacle Goose on Gotland, Sweden, are analysed using data from 1971 to 1985. During this period numbers increased from one to 450 breeding pairs. A simulation of population growth using a deterministic population growth model showed that immigration must have occurred during this period, probably mainly during the late 1970s and early 1980s. This net influx together with a high and stable reproductive success and a high annual survival rate resulted in exponential increase in numbers. Several fecundity parameters were higher in the Gotland population than in the Arctic populations of Barnacle Goose. This successful establishment in a temperate area more than 1,300 km south of and 2,000 km away form the species' usual breeding range, questions many explanations of Arctic distributions in geese, for example the hypothesis that a too low protein content in the food plants prevents breeding at lower latitudes.
66 citations
TL;DR: The profound reduction in Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations within a few hours of beginning protein restriction, and the discordance between this reduction and the small decline in somatogenic binding sites, suggests that, in addition to GH receptor loss, a postreceptor defect may participate in the GH resistance occurring in the early stages of protein deficiency.
Abstract: To define the mechanism(s) for the decrease of somatomedin concentrations in acute protein malnutrition, we have assessed the relationships between serum immunoreactive somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor-I (Sm-C/IGF-I), serum immunoreactive GH and total (MgCl2-treated homogenates) as well as free (water-treated homogenates) liver somatogenic (GH) binding sites in growing rats fed a 5% protein diet for 12 or 24 h and given an s.c. injection(s) of rat GH (rGH) or saline. Control rats were fed a 15% protein diet and injected with rGH or saline. After 12 and 24 h of protein restriction, body weight was 6.9 and 8.2% below controls respectively (P less than 0.001), while Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations were reduced by 58 and 66% respectively (P less than 0.001 vs controls). Serum GH concentrations were not affected by the low protein intake. Furthermore, injection(s) of 50-100 micrograms rGH failed to raise serum Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations in the protein-deficient animals. The number of total and free GH-binding sites was modestly (15-20%) decreased at 12 and 24 h in the protein-restricted rats. Serum Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations correlated weakly with free and total binding sites (r = 0.48 and 0.38 respectively). Affinity constants of GH-binding sites were not changed by protein restriction. The profound reduction in Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations within a few hours of beginning protein restriction, and the discordance between this reduction and the small decline in somatogenic binding sites, suggests that, in addition to GH receptor loss, a postreceptor defect may participate in the GH resistance occurring in the early stages of protein deficiency.
65 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a FP diet can induce metabolic acidosis and may reduce pre-exercise muscle buffering capacity, which may then influence subsequent exercise performance, and that a CHO diet has no influence on muscle glutamine levels after the FP diet.
Abstract: Five healthy male subjects exercised for 3 min at a workload equivalent to 100%
$$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$
on two separate occasions. Each exercise test was performed on an electrically braked cycle ergometer after a four-day period of dietary manipulation. During each of these periods subjects consumed either a low carbohydrate (3±0%, mean ±SD), high fat (73±2%), high protein (24±3%) diet (FP) or a high carbohydrate (82±1%), low fat (8±1%), low protein (10±1%) diet (CHO). The diets were isoenergetic and were assigned in a randomised manner. Muscle biopsy samples (Vastus lateralis) were taken at rest prior to dietary manipulation, immediately prior to exercise and immediately post-exercise for measurement of pH, glycogen, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, triose phosphates, lactate and glutamine content. Blood acid-base status and selected metabolites were measured in arterialised venous samples at rest prior to dietary manipulation, immediately prior to exercise and at pre-determined intervals during the post-exercise period. There was no differences between the two treatments in blood acid-base status at rest prior to dietary manipulation; immediately prior to exercise plasma pH (p<0.01), blood
$$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } $$
(p<0.01), plasma bicarbonate (p<0.001) and blood base-excess (p<0.001) values were all lower on the FP treatment. There were no major differences in blood acid-base variables between the two diets during the post-exercise period. Compared with the CHO diet, the FP diet resulted in plasma alanine (p<0.05), blood lactate (p<0.05), and plasma glutamine (p<0.01) levels being lower immediately prior to exercise; plasma free fatty acids (FFA; p<0.05), glycerol (p<0.01), urea (p<0.001) and blood 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB; p<0.01) levels were all higher. After the FP diet blood alanine, lactate and plasma glutamine levels were lower for the whole or the majority of the post-exercise period, while the concentrations of plasma FFA, glycerol, urea and blood 3-OHB and glucose were higher. There was no difference between the diets in pre-exercise glucose and insulin levels and post-exercise insulin levels. There was no difference in muscle pH between the two diets immediately prior to exercise; the decline in muscle pH was 104% greater during exercise on the FP diet resulting in a significant difference in post-exercise pH (p=0.05). The FP diet resulted in 23% decline in muscle glutamine levels, resulting in lower levels (p<0.05) immediately prior to exercise. Exercise had no influence on muscle glutamine levels after the FP diet but produced a 17% decline on the CHO diet. Muscle glycogen content increased by 23% on the CHO diet, but was unchanged after the FP diet. This resulted in levels being significantly different prior to exercise (p<0.05). The decline in muscle glycogen content during exercise was 50% greater on the CHO diet. There were no differences when comparing the two dietary treatments in any of the pre-exercise glycolytic intermediates measured. Immediately post-exercise glucose 6-phosphate levels were 22% higher and fructose 1,6-diphosphate levels were 130% lower on the FP diet. There were no differences between the two diets in muscle triose phosphate or lactate levels at any point of the study. The present study demonstrates that a FP diet can induce metabolic acidosis and may reduce pre-exercise muscle buffering capacity, which may then influence subsequent exercise performance. However, this appears not to influence the efflux of H+ from muscle during and after high intensity exercise.
59 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that certain acute phase proteins diffusing into synovial fluid during inflammatory episodes may play an important part in protecting hyaluronic acid from depolymerisation by activated phagocytes.
Abstract: Synovial fluid from 201 normal and pathological knee joints was subjected to gel filtration by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography to separate hyaluronic acid (HA) from unbound proteins, which were retarded on this column. HA from all normal fluids was excluded from the gel and contained 1% or less bound protein. Synovial fluids taken from joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contained considerably more protein bound to HA. In 46% of RA samples the level of protein was greater than 4%, whereas only one fluid examined from osteoarthritic joints contained this amount. The proteins bound to HA from RA joints were identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunodiffusion techniques as the acute phase proteins alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, and haptoglobin. The average relative percentages of these proteins bound to HA were 17.6%, 32.6%, and 29.2% respectively. These HA-protein complexes could be generated in vitro by mixing normal (low protein) HA with any one of the three acute phase proteins. The HA-protein complexes formed in vitro with inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor or haptoglobin, and those isolated from RA synovial fluids, were more resistant to degradation by oxygen derived free radicals (ODFR) than HA from normal fluids. From these findings we conclude that certain acute phase proteins diffusing into synovial fluid during inflammatory episodes may play an important part in protecting HA from depolymerisation by activated phagocytes.
TL;DR: The limited availability of glutathione in animals fed the low protein diets could reduce the potential for detoxification of xenobiotics.
Abstract: Hepatic glutathione concentration and glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, are important for protection against toxic compounds. Rats were fed diets containing 4, 7.5, 15, or 45% protein for 2 weeks. Glutathione and cysteine concentrations in rats fed the 4 and 7.5% protein diets were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than in rats fed the 15 and 45% protein diets. Glutathione S-transferase activity increased with increasing dietary protein. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in rats fed 4 and 7.5% protein compared with rats fed 15 and 45% protein, whereas the activity of glutathione reductase was higher in rats fed 4 and 7.5% protein then in rats fed 15 or 45% protein. Dietary sulfur amino acids alone could account for the increase in glutathione concentration resulting from the increase in dietary protein from 7.5 to 15%. The limited availability of glutathione in animals fed the low protein diets could reduce the potential for detoxification of xenobiotics.
TL;DR: This chapter describes purification of the components of 4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase, and describes the properties of putidamonooxin (PMO), which has a molecular weight of 126,000, as derived from ultracentrifugation and gel filtration.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Studies on the mechanism of biological degradation of lignin or lignin model substances by fungi showed that degradation of lignin down to vanillic acid followed the pathway involving successively the intermediates: α-guaiacyl glycerolconiferyl ether, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylpyruvic acid, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and vanillin. This chapter describes purification of the components of 4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase. The enzyme activity of the cell-free crude extract is not proportional to protein concentration in the assay mixture, especially at low protein concentrations. This behavior shows that 4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase is a dissociable enzyme system—that is, it consists of several components. This is confirmed by the isolation of two components, a reductase and a dioxygen-activating protein. The reconstitution of these two components reveals full enzymatic activity. The chapter also describes the properties of putidamonooxin (PMO). PMO, the dioxygen-activating component of the 4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase, has a molecular weight of 126,000, as derived from ultracentrifugation and gel filtration.
Patent•
09 Feb 1988TL;DR: A fluorosilicone based polymeric material with a fluorinated methacrylate functional crosslinker and an internal wetting agent was used in this paper, where it was shown to have good performance.
Abstract: A fluorosilicone based polymeric material with a fluorinated methacrylate functional crosslinker and an internal wetting agent.
TL;DR: Electron microscopic observation suggests that the association and the following aggregation of myosin filaments per se cause formation of a whole network structure, which seemed to be one of possible reasons for the different network structures observed in the gels.
Abstract: Various lengths of myosin filaments were prepared by changing the speed of lowering the ionic strength. Short filaments were formed by rapid dilution and the filament length became longer with decreasing the speed of lowering the ionic strength. The average length of myosin filaments ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 μm with varying the speed of dilution. Myosin filament suspensions were heated to form gels, and those gel strengths were evaluated as rigidity. The rigidity depended on the length of the filaments before heating. The longer the filaments, the higher the rigidities. The gels with higher rigidity had a fine strand-like network structure. In contrast, that showing lower rigidity had a coarse aggregated structure. When low protein concentrations of myosin filament suspensions were heated at 40°C, myosin filaments associated with increasing the incubation time. When heating was done at 60°C, aggregation of myosin filaments occurred in a short time. Electron microscopic observation suggests that the association and the following aggregation of myosin filaments per se cause formation of a whole network structure. Short myosin filaments began to aggregate randomly in an early stage of heating and they made clusters. But long filaments did not form a cluster; instead, some of them associated side-by-side to form bundles. These differences in the mode of aggregation among various lengths of myosin filaments seemed to be one of possible reasons for the different network structures observed in the gels.
TL;DR: A new, dynamic procedure that is more sensitive for the detection of increased permeability than static measurements of lung water content is described, along with its limitations.
Abstract: Three new concepts concerning lung liquid and protein exchange are considered The first is that the microvascular surface area is as important as the microvascular hydrostatic pressure in assessing filtration in the lung One of the problems in differentiating hemodynamic from increased permeability edema is the inability to determine whether the microvascular surface area has changed Several agents, as well as exercise, affect liquid filtration A new, dynamic procedure that is more sensitive for the detection of increased permeability than static measurements of lung water content is described, along with its limitations The second concept is that water and electrolytes are cleared from the alveoli by a separate mechanism from protein Water clearance is fast and occurs mainly by an active process, which can be inhibited by amiloride or phloridzin and accelerated by beta-agonists The mechanism appears to depend on metabolically regulated sodium transport across the alveolar epithelium Protein clearance is very slow and is relatively independent of alveolar concentration The protein clearance mechanism is unknown but may involve transcytosis The third concept is that during edema formation there are two pathways for liquid clearance in addition to the lymphatic system: into the pleural space and along the bronchovascular connective tissue into the mediastinum During recovery from edema, reabsorption into blood is important if the edema liquid has a low protein osmotic pressure Clearance into the mediastinum may be the major pathway for liquid sequestered in the loose, binding connective tissue
TL;DR: The high-CHO, high-fiber diet presents many beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic patients with chronic renal failure, and was very similar for both diets.
TL;DR: The level of protein was found to have a significant influence on physical body growth and semen production traits and Bulls on high protein rations had significantly larger scrotal circumference, greater body weight, higher average daily gains, and higher body condition score than those on low protein diets.
TL;DR: The data indicate that a decreased protein-intake from formula during weaning results in many indices of protein metabolism and growth more similar to those found in BF infants than when conventional follow-up formulas are used.
Abstract: A total of 20 healthy term infants between 4 and 6 months of age were randomly assigned to either a low protein formula (F1.3) containing 13 g protein/100 ml or a high protein formula (F1.8) containing 1.8 g protein/100 ml. Both formulas were isocaloric (72 kcal/100 ml) and had a whey-casein ratio of 50:50. Ten control infants were breast-fed (BF). The mean protein intakes (including supplementary foods) were 1.9 ± 0.3, 2.6 ± 0.2, and 1.3 ± 0.2 g/kg/day, respectively. The mean concentrations of serum urea were 2.8 ± 0.6 (F1.3), 4.1 ± 0.6 (F1.8), and 2.2 ± 0.8 mmol/liter (BF) sit 6 months (F1–3 versus BF, NS, F1.8 versus BF, p < 0.001). The urine excretion of nitrogen was similar in the F1.3 and BF groups being 81 and 78 mg/kg/day. In the F1.8-group nitrogen excretion was higher, 138 mg/kg/day. Plasma concentrations of albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin were normal and similar in the groups. Weight gain was significantly higher in the F1.8 group, 22.8 ± 1.7 g/kg/wk when compared to the F1.3 and BF groups, 19.9 ± 3.9 and 18.0 ± 4.3 (p < 0.01), respectively. These data indicate that a decreased protein-intake from formula during weaning results in many indices of protein metabolism and growth more similar to those found in BF infants than when conventional follow-up formulas are used.
TL;DR: Regression analyses revealed no relationship between thyroid hormones, energy deficit, or lean mass with nitrogen losses, suggesting that other or more complex processes govern endogenous protein metabolism during weight loss.
TL;DR: The data suggest that during the first weeks of postnatal life VLBW‐infants with intrauterine growth retardation have a decreased capacity to utilize or to metabolize protein when compared to AGA‐infant with comparable birth‐weights.
Abstract: Metabolic response to human milk feeding was studied in 12 appropriate (AGA) and 12 small for gestational age (SGA) infants of very low birthweight (VLBW) on the eighth day of life. Protein intake ranged from 1.98 to 2.47 g/kg/day and caloric intake from 94 to 126 kcal/kg/day with no significant differences between the groups. Alpha-amino-nitrogen, the total bile acid concentration in serum and total- as well as alpha-amino-nitrogen excretion in the urine were estimated. The alpha-amino-nitrogen and the total bile acid concentration in serum increased with increasing degree of intrauterine growth retardation. Also renal total- and alpha-amino-nitrogen excretion increased significantly in relation to the degree of intrauterine growth retardation. Thus, despite a relatively low protein intake in severely growth retarded VLBW-infants, metabolic changes could be found similar to those observed in AGA-infants on high protein intakes. The data suggest that during the first weeks of postnatal life VLBW-infants with intrauterine growth retardation have a decreased capacity to utilize or to metabolize protein when compared to AGA-infants with comparable birthweights. These metabolic differences have to be considered in the nutritional management of VLBW-infants.
TL;DR: The authors observed a patient with severe inflammatory bowel disease complicated by ten episodes of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and a nonfamilial deficiency of Protein S was documented suggesting the deficiency was acquired.
Abstract: The authors observed a patient with severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) complicated by ten episodes of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Her unusual thrombotic tendency prompted further investigation for primary hypercoagulability. A nonfamilial deficiency of Protein S was documented suggesting the deficiency was acquired. This occurrence suggests that low Protein S levels should be considered as a potential etiologic factor in patients with IBD and recurrent DVT.
TL;DR: The effect of a limited period of protein-calorie malnutrition in young rats on insulin secretion in the adult has been studied and pancreatic islets from 6- and 12-week-old N rats responded to glucose and arginine.
Abstract: The effect of a limited period of protein-calorie malnutrition in young rats on insulin secretion in the adult has been studied. Three-week-old rats were weaned onto diets containing 5% protein (low protein; LP) or 15% protein (control; C) and maintained for 3 weeks on their respective diets. A third experimental group was weaned onto standard rat chow (18% protein; normal diet; N). From 6 weeks of age onwards all rats were fed the standard rat chow. Pancreatic islets were isolated from rats aged 3, 6 and 12 weeks and their insulin secretory response to glucose or arginine was tested. At 12 weeks the effects of the secretagogues were also tested using perfusion of isolated pancreatic glands. In islets from 6-week-old LP rats the glucose-stimulated insulin release was only 25% of that of C and N rats of the same age. Islets from C and N rats responded to arginine in the presence of a low glucose concentration with a small increase in insulin secretion, whereas no such response could be demonstrated in islets from 6-week-old LP rats. Islets from 6- and 12-week-old N rats responded to glucose and arginine. Islets from 12-week-old C rats had a similar response to glucose but did not respond to arginine in the presence of a low glucose concentration. In islets from 12-week-old LP rats the secretory response to glucose remained only 40% that of C and N rats and there was no response to arginine in the presence of a low glucose concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: The fact that animals fed the low protein-high carbohydrate diet and those kept on 60% standard diet food restriction had different survival though they were equal in daily (identical) protein intake is emphasized.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Nephrectomized rats fed low dietary protein and nephrectomization rats treated with captopril had significantly less proteinuria, glomerular lesions, and milder changes in the glomerULAR capillary wall porosity and glomerularity basement membrane anionic charge.
TL;DR: Serum transthyretin measurement is a reliable marker in the detection of early moderate and severe protein-energy restriction and is more closely related to the protein and energy intakes than to theprotein and energy content of the diet.
Abstract: The influence of a wide range of protein and/or energy intakes on the serum level of rat transthyretin was studied. Young and adult rats were fed ad libitum diets containing 18, 9, 6, 4 and 0.5% protein (wt/wt) or were fed a control diet in restricted amounts. The transthyretin level was lower in young rats and was normal or slightly higher in adult rats fed low protein diets than in those fed the 18% protein diet. It was decreased with decreasing energy intake in all energy-restricted rats. Moderate energy restriction in rats fed equivalent amounts of protein also lowered the transthyretin level. Rats with similar body weights and similar protein intakes showed marked differences in serum transthyretin level, depending on the amount of energy consumed. Serum transthyretin changes were discussed in relation to the level of transthyretin in cerebrospinal fluid and to the serum concentration of albumin, transferrin and thyroid hormones. The results show that serum transthyretin is more closely related to the protein and energy intakes than to the protein and energy content of the diet. Our results indicate that serum transthyretin measurement is a reliable marker in the detection of early moderate and severe protein-energy restriction.
TL;DR: Results indicate that secretion of GH but not clearance was affected by protein restriction in conscious birds, and elevated plasma concentrations of GH in unanesthetized, protein-restricted chicks were due to greater GH secretion compared with secretions of chicks fed control diets.
TL;DR: It is proposed that a trace of Nature's design for the offspring and the evolution of the species can be found in mother's milk, which is associated with slow body growth and increased longevity.
TL;DR: These results lend support to serotonin's involvement in nutrient selection, in that carbohydrate consumption decreased in response to tryptophan loading, but indicate that other nutrients may also be affected.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the relatively high levels of free protein S in fetal blood may contribute to its non‐coagulability and compensate for the low protein C levels.
Abstract: The levels of protein C, free protein S, C4b-binding protein and the distribution of total protein S between a free form and a conjugated form with C4b-binding protein, were measured in fetuses between 15 and 35 weeks of gestation, in newborns and in maternal blood throughout pregnancy. Fetal and newborn umbilical blood samples were obtained by cordocentesis; in the case of newborns, immediately after delivery. C4b-binding protein was detected in five out of seven newborns and in only three out of 20 fetuses. The fetuses (21, 24, 29 weeks, respectively) whose blood contained C4b-binding protein (10%, 29%, 12% of adult level, respectively), did not survive: the possible cause of death for one was given as viral infection; all three were severely deformed. Only free protein S was detected in fetal blood and the mean value was 40%. By contrast, the mean levels of protein C in the fetuses increased from 11% to 15.5% of adult levels with advancing gestation. We conclude that the relatively high levels of free protein S in fetal blood may contribute to its non-coagulability and compensate for the low protein C levels.