Low protein

About: Low protein is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8139 publications have been published within this topic receiving 213225 citations.

Nitrogen and Planting Date Effects on Low-Protein Spring Barley

Abstract: Grain protein of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) produced for malting often is greater than the industry's acceptable standards of 135 and 130 g kg −1 for six-rowed and two-rowed barley, respectively. Environmental conditions such as low rainfall and high temperatures after anthesis often cause increased grain protein. This study was conducted at four dryland environments in North Dakota over 2 yr to compare the effects of N fertilization and planting date on agronomic and malt quality traits of two experimental barley genotypes inherently low in grain protein with two barley cultivars currently grown in the U.S. Midwest. Agronomic traits evaluated were grain protein, grain yield, kernel weight, and kernel plumpness [...]

The effect of supplementing a low–protein hay on the cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep and on the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose

Abstract: A study was made of the effects of supplementing low-protein teff (Eragrostis tef) hay with (a) protein (egg albumin), (b) urea and (c) urea plus C4 and C5 branched-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) on the cellulolytic flora in the rumen of sheep conditioned to these diets and on the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose. Addition of urea, as opposed to no supplementation, increased voluntary hay intake and the percentage digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose, while counts of cellulolytic bacteria were not greatly affected. The proportion of ruminococci amongst the cellulolytic bacteria increased somewhat and that of the butyrivibrios decreased. When branched-chain VFA were added to the hay together with urea the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria per g rumen ingesta and the proportion of ruminococci increased over those for urea alone. This was accompanied by a further increase in voluntary hay intake. Percentage digestibilities of cellulose and hemicellulose were similar to those for the urea/hay diet. Supplementation with protein resulted in lower digestibility of α-cellulose and hemicellulose when compared with the urea-supplemented diets. The cellulolytic bacteria formed a lower percentage of the ‘total culturable’ counts than was the case for the other diets.

Nutritional studies in the seed production of fish - XV. Effect of nutritional composition of diets on chemical components of red sea bream broodstock and eggs produced.

Abstract: A study was conducted to obtain some basic data necessary for biochemical evaluation of egg quality by investigating a relationship between composition of diets for broodstock and chemical components of eggs produced. Both broodstock and eggs produced by broodstock, which had been fed on various diets with different nutritional quality for more than 5 months, were analysed for fatty acids, minerals, and proximate composition. There was no marked difference in proximate composition due to the difference of the nutritional quality of diets in both male and female muscles and livers except for the male broodstock fed on either the low-protein or the EFA-deficient diet where the protein content decreased and the lipid content inreased. The protein and lipid contents were higher and the water content was lower in the ovary from broodstock given the cuttlefish meal diet. Mineral composition in both broodstock tissues and eggs showed no difference, in general, even in the phosphorus content of vertebrae and eggs from the broodstock given the phosphorus-deficient diet. In the eggs produduced by the broodstock fed on the low-protein diet a slightly high moisture content and a low protein content were observed. The fatty acids in eggs were greatly affected by dietary fatty acids supplied to broodstock. The proportion of ω3 HUFA and was high in the eggs of the broodstock given the diet containing a high level of ω3 HUFA and was low in the eggs from the EFA-deficient fish, the percentage of 18:2ω6 being higher in the latter eggs due to dietary 18:2ω6 in corn oil, although a relationship between quality of eggs and their fatty acid distribution was not evident in this experiment.

Fetal programming of appetite by exposure to a maternal low-protein diet in the rat.

Abstract: Undernutrition in fetal life programmes risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in adult life. Rat studies indicate that exposure to a maternal low-protein diet throughout fetal life establishes a preference for high-fat foods. The present study aimed to assess the effect of low protein exposure during discrete 7-day periods of gestation upon feeding behaviour (full gestation 22 days). Pregnant rats were fed control or low-protein diet, with low-protein feeding targeted at day 0–7 (LPEarly), day 8–14 (LPMid) or day 15–22 (LPLate) of gestation. At 12 weeks of age, offspring were placed on a macronutrient self-selection regimen. Prenatal protein restriction programmed feeding behaviour in female, but not male, offspring. Among females, all low-protein exposed groups consumed less fat than the control group ( P <0.05). Male offspring showed no changes in feeding behaviour. In males and females fed a low-fat chow diet, there were metabolic differences between the groups. LPEarly and LPLate males had greater hepatic glycogen stores than control animals. There were no differences in the size of abdominal fat depots in either male or female rats exposed to low-protein diet at any point in gestation. The data suggest that programming of feeding behaviour is likely to be gender-specific and dependent upon the timing of nutrient insult in fetal life. This work may have implications for the development of the metabolic syndrome. Abbreviations: LPEarly, LPMid and LPLate, low-protein feeding targeted at days 0–7, 8–14 or days 15–22 of gestation respectively