Low protein

About: Low protein is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8139 publications have been published within this topic receiving 213225 citations.

Diet, pancreatic function, and chronic pancreatitis in south India and France.

Abstract: The usual consumption of calories, fat, protein, and carbohydrate, and the exocrine pancreatic function estimated in duodenal juice after an intravenous injection of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK), have been studied with the same method and by the same team in Kerala (South India) and in Marseille (France) in apparently normal children (7 Indians, 21 French), in normal adults (23 Indians, 17 French), and in patients presenting with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (8 Indian children, 28 Indian adults, 25 French adults). Although they had a low protein intake (children controls: 32.1 +/- 14 g/day (SM), children pancreatitis: 51.1 +/- 15, adult controls: 51.3 +/- 4.9, adult pancreatitis: 55.7 +/- 5.7), the exocrine secretion of Indian controls was not very much modified in comparison with Europeans. Therefore, Indians are less affected by the insufficient diet than the population of Ivory Coast previously studied by the same group. The diet of Indian patients is characterized by a moderately low protein intake and a very low fat intake (18.5 g/day +/- 2.3 (SM) for children 23.4 g/day + 2.7 for adult patients). Comparison between different series of patients studied in different countries with the same method suggests that kwashiorkor or cassava consumption have no evident role in the etiology of chronic tropical pancreatitis. The possible role of a low fat diet is suggested and needs further exploration.

Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers

Abstract: Rapid growth, in particular rapid weight gain in infancy, is associated with later overweight and obesity (1–8). Although causality is not established in this association, it is nevertheless conceivable that by slowing down rapid weight gain in infancy, a reduction of the risk of later obesity may be achieved (9). Among measures that could slow down weight gain in infancy and potentially reduce the risk of later obesity, a reduction in protein intake appears promising. Protein needs of infants decrease appreciably during the first year of life (10). During the first few months, breast milk alone and subsequently breast milk with complementary foods are presumed to meet the protein needs of infants. The protein content of human milk, which may be as high as 2.09 g/100 kcal in the first month after birth, is 1.28 g/100 kcal at 3 to 4 months (11) and approximately 1.24 g/100 kcal by 9 to 12 months. This suggests that formulas fed after 3 months should contain no less than 1.30 g/100 kcal of a high-quality protein. The lower regulatory limit for protein content of formulas (0–12 months) in the European Union (EU) and the United States is 1.8 g/100 kcal. In actuality, the protein content of formulas typically exceeds these levels, especially in the case of follow-on formulas. In the European Obesity Project (12), the protein concentration of the lower-protein formula (2.20 g/100 kcal) fed from 5 months on exceeded the lower limit in EU countries. Protein intakes in the later parts of infancy have been found in several localities to be high and to exceed required intakes (13–16). Epidemiologic evidence links high protein intakes in infancy to obesity in childhood (16–19). Also, high protein intakes have been shown in prospective studies to lead to increased weight gain and higher adiposity in infancy (12) and childhood (20). Lower protein intake from breast milk than from formula may be among the reasons why breast-fed (BF) infants are at lower risk for obesity later in life, as the preponderance of the evidence indicates (7,21–23). For all of these reasons, reducing the protein intake during infancy may reduce the risk of later obesity. The present study tested a bovine whey-based formula with a protein content of 1.65 g/100 kcal, which is below the regulatory lower limit in Europe and the United States. Because protein levels <1.80 g/100 kcal have not been studied before, we reduced the protein level by only 9% below the regulatory level. The formula was fed after 3 months of age. The offspring of overweight and obese women are at increased risk for overweight later in life (7,24–31) and show accelerated growth already during infancy (32). Therefore, any measure that could reduce the risk of later obesity would be of particular importance for infants born to overweight mothers.