Low protein

About: Low protein is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8139 publications have been published within this topic receiving 213225 citations.

Novel approaches to analyse glomerular proteins from smallest scale murine and human samples using DIGE saturation labelling.

Abstract: Loss of renal function is often associated with the injury of kidney glomeruli. It is therefore necessary to understand the mechanisms leading to progressive glomerular diseases; this may be addressed using proteomics. Until now, however, analysis of the glomeruli proteome using 2-DE has been technically hampered by low protein yields from scarce samples. To circumvent this problem, we developed a procedure which allows the human and mouse glomeruli proteome to be analysed. In this study, two different approaches were used to isolate mouse and human glomerular protein from kidney cortex. Mouse glomeruli were extracted by embolisation magnetic beads into the glomerular capillaries. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was utilised to harvest glomeruli from human biopsy material. Human and murine samples were analysed using a fluorescence saturation labelling technique. Using 3 microg mouse glomerular protein a total of 2900 spots were resolved for differential proteome analysis. Moreover, it was also demonstrated for the first time that only ten glomeruli (0.5 microg) picked by LCM from a slide of a human kidney biopsy material were sufficient to visualise 900 spots. This novel strategy paves the way for future experiments aimed at investigating functional proteomics of glomerular diseases in humans and in mice.

Repeatability estimates for milk coagulation traits and non-coagulation of milk in Finnish Ayrshire cows.

Abstract: Effects of systematic environmental factors and milk production and quality traits on milk coagulation properties (MCP), and on repeatability of those traits were estimated from 979 milk samples collected once a month over a period of 2 years from 83 Finnish Ayrshire cows. Estimation was based on a multitrait animal model and REML methodology. In addition, persistence of non-coagulation of milk in individual cows, and factors associated with it were established from a sub sample of 24 cows producing non-coagulating (NC) milk at least once. MCP were at their best during the first lactation, at the beginning and at the end of lactation, and during grazing seasons. Variation in MCP with systematic environmental factors was partly due to variation in composition and quality of milk, especially in pH and ln (somatic cell count, SCC). Coefficients of repeatability for milk coagulation time and curd firmness were 0 . 65 and 0 . 68. These estimates were of the same magnitude as those for protein content, but were higher than those for daily milk yield, fat content, pH, and SCC. Based on the repeatability estimates for the milk coagulation traits and effects of the environmental factors, cows should be sampled at least three times during a lactation to estimate reliably breeding values for the milk coagulation traits. A total of 10% of the milk samples did not coagulate in 30 min after addition of rennet. Cows that produced NC milk at least once (30% of the cows) could be classified into those that produced NC milk only a few times during a lactation and those that produced NC milk at almost every sampling. Based on logistic regression analyses, peak and mid-lactation, high milk yield, low protein and fat content and high pH increased the risk of non-coagulation of milk.

Formation of short-lived protein aggregates directly from the coil in two-state folding.

Abstract: Recent results on the 102 residue protein U1A show that protein aggregation is not always slow and irreversible but may take place transiently in refolding studies on a millisecond time scale. In this study we observe a similar aggregation behavior with the classical two-state protein CI2. Since both U1A and CI2 appear to fold directly from the coil at low protein concentrations, it is likely that the aggregates also form directly from the coil. This is in contrast to the behavior of larger multistate proteins where aggregation occurs in connection to "sticky" intermediates.

Use of organic acid, herbs and their combination to improve the utilization of commercial low protein broiler diets.

Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the growth performance, carcass characteristics, organ weights, plasma proteins and fecal N excretion in broilers fed a 18% crude protein diet supplemented with Thymus vulgaris, Curcuma longa, citric acid, lactic acid or their combinations. In the first experiment, 98 broiler chicks were fed a control diet or a control diet with 0.2% Thyme (TH), 0.2% Curcuma longa (CL), 0.2% Citric acid (CIT), 0.2% TH + 0.2% CL, 0.2% TH + 0.2% CIT, 0.2% CL + 0.2% CIT. In the second experiment, 98 broiler chicks were fed a control diet with 0.2% TH, 0.2% lactic acid (LAC), 0.2% CIT, 0.2% TH + 0.2% LAC, 0.2% TH + 0.2% CIT, 0.1% LAC + 0.1% CIT. Addition of 0.2% TH, or TH + CIT increased weight gain in 21 dayold birds in experiment 1 (p<0.05). Addition of supplements did not produce any significant increase in day 42 body weight. No significant effect of supplements on carcass characteristics, feed conversion, plasma proteins or organ weights were observed except for liver which was higher in birds fed CIT (experiment 1) (p<0.05). No difference was observed in the total protein, albumen or globulin in the plasma. No difference was noticed between dietary treatments on the percentage of fecal Nitrogen (N), AME or Nitrogen retention (NR). Although not significant, the birds fed TH + CL excreted 12.9% less fecal N than Control birds. Similarly, the NR was 13.25% higher in TH + CL when compared with Control birds. Considering the role of low protein diets in reducing feed cost and fecal N excretion, further studies are needed to evaluate the role of plant extracts and organic acids and their optimal levels for broiler birds fed a low protein diet that are raised under suboptimal commercial conditions.