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Low protein
About: Low protein is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8139 publications have been published within this topic receiving 213225 citations.
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TL;DR: There was a significant effect of diet on protein oxidation, and cats are able to adapt protein oxidation to a wide range of dietary protein concentrations, provided their minimum protein requirement is met.
Abstract: Cats require more dietary protein than noncarnivorous species. Earlier work showed that cats lack the ability to regulate hepatic urea cycle enzymes in response to dietary protein concentration. We thus hypothesized that cats are unable to fully adapt protein oxidation to protein intake, particularly at low-protein concentrations. We used indirect respiration calorimetry to assess cats' ability to adapt substrate oxidation to diets containing different concentrations of protein, including 1 below their protein requirement. Nine cats (5 males and 4 females; 2.7 +/- 0.5 y; 4.49 +/- 0.19 kg) consumed each of 4 semipurified diets containing 7.5% [low protein (LP(3))], 14.2% [adequate protein (AP)], 27.1% [moderate protein (MP)], and 49.6% [high protein (HP)] of metabolizable energy from protein in a modified crossover design, beginning with the MP diet and then consuming the remaining diets in random order. After adaptation to each diet, cats completed a 5-d nitrogen balance trial and at least 2 12-h indirect calorimetry measurements. There was a significant effect of diet on protein oxidation (P < 0.0001), which measured 10.4 +/- 0.5, 14.1 +/- 1.0, 25.0 +/- 1.7, and 53.2 +/- 1.7% of total energy expenditure for the LP, AP, M,P and HP diets, respectively. The ratio of protein oxidation:protein intake was higher with the LP diet (1.39 +/- 0.07) than the other 3 diets (AP, 1.00 +/- 0.07; MP, 0.93 +/- 0.06; HP, 1.07 +/- 0.03; P < 0.0001), indicating a net loss of protein with the LP diet. Thus, cats are able to adapt protein oxidation to a wide range of dietary protein concentrations, provided their minimum protein requirement is met.
62 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that Lys is first-limiting and Trp, Thr, Met, and Val are equally second- Limiting in a reduced protein (13.5% CP) corn-soybean meal-based diet with 8% whey for 10-kg pigs.
Abstract: Three trials were carried out with pigs between 5 and 8 wk of age to determine the limiting order of amino acids in a 13.5% CP corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 8% dried whey. The positive-control diet was a 19.2% CP corn-soybean meal-based diet (1.15% lysine), also with 8% dried whey. Amino acid additions to the low-protein, negative-control diet were based on levels needed to accomplish 110% of ideal ratios (to lysine, set at 1.15%). In Exp. 1, the addition of an amino acid mixture containing Lys, Trp, Thr, Met, Ile, and Val to the low-protein diet increased (P<.05) gain and gain: feed ratio, and these response traits were not different from those of pigs fed the 19.2% CP positive-control diet. Single deletion of Lys from the supplemental amino acid mixture depressed performance to a greater (P<.05) extent than single deletion of any of the other amino acids. Single deletions of Trp, Thr, Met, or Val decreased (P<.05) performance in a similar but lesser magnitude than the decrease caused by Lys deletion, whereas Ile deletion was without effect. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to evaluate the limiting order of AA beyond Lys in the low-protein diet. Neither His nor Glu were found to be deficient, and, as in Exp. 1, deletion of Trp, Thr, Met, or Val from the supplemental amino acid mixture resulted in performance depressions (P<.05) that were similar. The results suggest that Lys is first-limiting and Trp, Thr, Met, and Val are equally second-limiting in a reduced protein (13.5% CP) corn-soybean meal-based diet with 8% whey for 10-kg pigs.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two experiments were conducted to evaluate Threonine's efficacy in low crude protein diets adequate in methionine and lysine, and the results showed that birds fed a low-carcinine protein diet containing supplemental L-Threonine had 21- to 42-day weight gain and feed conversion statistically equivalent to that of those fed a high crude protein diet.
Abstract: For years poultry nutritionists have decreased the use of protein-rich feedstuffs by adding methionine and lysine. The extent to which crude protein can be decreased without compromising bird performance remains subject to much debate. Because Threonine is the third limiting amino acid for broilers, two experiments were conducted to evaluate Threonine's efficacy in low crude protein diets adequate in methionine and lysine. In Experiment 1, Threonine supplementation to low crude protein diets improved some carcass measurements at 56 days of age although it failed to do so at 42 days of age. In Experiment 2, birds fed a low crude protein diet containing supplemental Threonine had 21- to 42-day weight gain and feed conversion statistically equivalent to that of those fed a high crude protein diet. Low crude protein diets containing Threonine-limiting ingredients may require supplemental L-Threonine for optimal feed conversion and weight gain. Poultry nutritionists who formulate low crude protein broiler diets with Threonine-limiting ingredients should pay careful attention to the level of dietary Threonine to optimize feed conversion ratios and monetary returns.
62 citations
TL;DR: Daily oral fluoroquinolone prophylaxis reduces the risk of development of first episode of SBP and mortality in cirrhotic patients with low total protein in the ascitic fluid.
62 citations
TL;DR: IFN‐γ, but not IFN‐α, is able to increase the susceptibility of sensitive cell lines and to induce CD95 sensitivity in resistant melanoma cell lines, accompanied by up‐regulation of the protein expression level of CD95 and/or bcl‐xS.
Abstract: The expression and functionality of the Fas receptor (CD95/APO-1) play an important role for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Various types of tumor cells have been shown to escape immune recognition by constitutive resistance to CD95-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, several apoptosis-related proteins have been reported to influence CD95 sensitivity. We tested an unselected panel of 11 melanoma cell lines for sensitivity to CD95 and the corresponding expression of CD95, CD95L, bcl-2, bcl-x, bcl-xS, bax and FLIP proteins. Despite detection of CD95 cell-surface expression in 9 out of the 11 cell lines tested, only 3 melanoma cell lines were sensitive to anti-CD95-MAb-induced cell death. Apoptosis-related proteins CD95L, bcl-2, bcl-x, bcl-xS and bax were found to be heterogenously expressed in different melanoma cell lines tested. The susceptibility of melanoma cells to anti-CD95-MAb-mediated apoptosis was associated with low protein expression of both bcl-2 and bcl-x. The level of CD95 cell-surface expression in melanoma cells was no indicator for CD95 sensitivity. Furthermore, FLIP protein was detectable in 7 out of the 11 cell lines, but showed no correlation to CD95 sensitivity. Certain cytokines have been described as modulating the susceptibility of tumor cells to CD95-induced cell death. Since IFN-α was proved to be clinically efficient in melanoma therapy, we tested whether interferons have the ability to induce sensitivity to CD95 in primarily resistant melanoma cell lines. Here we show that IFN-γ, but not IFN-α, is able to increase the susceptibility of sensitive cell lines and to induce CD95 sensitivity in resistant melanoma cell lines, accompanied by up-regulation of the protein expression level of CD95 and/or bcl-xS. Int. J. Cancer 82:727–736, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
62 citations