Low protein

About: Low protein is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8139 publications have been published within this topic receiving 213225 citations.

Altered regulation of hepatic glucose output in the male offspring of protein-malnourished rat dams

Abstract: Offspring of protein-malnourished rat dams have permanent alterations in hepatic enzyme activities associated with glucose homeostasis. Hormonal control of hepatic glucose output (HGO) was studied in male offspring of dams fed either a 20% (control) or 8% (low protein) protein diet during pregnancy and lactation. Glucagon (210 pM) stimulated HGO significantly more (P < 0.04) in controls (from 0.72 +/- 0.11 to 3.18 +/- 0.30 mumol.min-1.g liver-1) compared with low-protein animals (from 0.53 +/- 0.11 to 2.05 +/- 0.24 mumol.min-1.g liver-1). Insulin (1 nM) decreased (P < 0.001) HGO in controls to 2.39 +/- 0.37 mumol.min-1.g liver-1 after 10 min but increased HGO (to 2.82 +/- 0.40 mumol.min-1.g liver-1; P < 0.04) in low-protein rats. There were fivefold fewer (P = 0.01) glucagon receptors but a threefold increase (P < 0.05) in hepatic insulin receptor number in the low-protein rats, which was reflected by increased in insulin degradation (P < 0.001). The glucose transporter GLUT-2 was also raised threefold in the low-protein group (P < 0.001). The anomalous response to insulin indicates changes in its metabolic signaling, but normal insulin binding suggests that this alteration is a postreceptor event.

Ration size and protein intake affect circulating growth hormone concentration, hepatic growth hormone binding and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity in a marine teleost, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Abstract: The nutritional regulation of the growth hormone liver axis has been studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). In a first study, fingerling fish were fed three experimental diets with varying proportions of protein (34, 45 and 55%). A 60% decrease in plasma growth hormone concentration was observed with the increase of specific growth rates and dietary protein levels. An opposite response was observed in hepatic growth hormone-binding sites and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity that would reflect the insensitivity of liver to growth hormone action during relatively low protein intake. In a second study, fish were fed a commercial diet (55% protein) at different feeding levels (0, 1.2, 2.7 and 5.5 g/(100 g body wt.d). An 84% decrease in plasma growth hormone concentration was observed with the increase of specific growth rates and feeding levels from 0 to 2.7 g/(100 g body wt.d). However, significantly greater growth hormone concentration was found in fish fed 5.5 g/(100 g body wt.d) when compared with fish fed 2.7 g/(100 g body wt.d). Hepatic growth hormone-binding sites and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity increased with the increase of feeding levels from 0 to 2.7 g/(100 g body wt.d), but these values were lower in fish-fed 5.5 g/(100 g body wt.d) than in those fed 2.7 g/(100 g body wt.d). The physiological importance of these results remains to be clarified, though probably it is a part of the mechanism that diminishes feed utilization for growth at high feeding levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Interrelation between Drop Size and Protein Adsorption at Various Emulsification Conditions

Abstract: A systematic study of the dependence of mean drop diameter, d32, and protein adsorption, Γ, on (1) whey protein concentration and (2) hydrodynamic conditions during emulsification is performed with soybean-oil-in-water emulsions. We find experimentally and explain theoretically an interesting interplay between Γ and d32 in the studied systems: At low protein concentrations, the mean drop size is governed by a critical value of the protein adsorption, Γ*, which is a characteristic of the emulsifier and does not depend on the hydrodynamic conditions. On the other hand, at higher protein concentrations, Γ is determined by the initial protein concentration in the aqueous phase, , and by the mean drop size, d32, the latter being governed only by the hydrodynamic conditions. The theoretical model, developed to describe these relations, is verified by comparing its predictions with experimental results obtained at various protein concentrations, oil volume fractions, and hydrodynamic conditions. The model allow...

The Diet, Obesity and Genes (Diogenes) Dietary Study in eight European countries – a comprehensive design for long-term intervention

Abstract: Diogenes is a Pan-European, randomized, controlled dietary intervention study investigating the effects of dietary protein and glycaemic index on weight (re)gain, metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight families in eight European centres. The article is methodological in character, and the presentation of 'results' will be limited to baseline characteristics of the study populations included. A total of 891 families with at least one overweight/obese parent underwent screening. The parents started an initial 8-week low-calorie diet and families with minimum one parent attaining a weight loss of > or = 8%, were randomized to one of five energy ad libitum, low-fat (25-30 E%) diets for 6 or 12 months: low protein/low glycaemic index, low protein/high glycaemic index, high protein/low glycaemic index, high protein/high glycaemic index or control (national dietary guidelines). At two centres the families were provided dietary instruction plus free foods for 6 months followed by 6-month dietary instruction only. At the remaining six centres the families received dietary instruction only for 6 months. The median weight loss during the low-calorie diet was 10.3 kg (inter-quartile range: 8.7-12.8 kg, n = 775). A total of 773 adults and 784 children were randomized to the 6-month weight (re)gain prevention phase. Despite major cultural and dietary regional differences in Europe, interventions addressing effects of dietary factors are feasible with a reasonable attrition.