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Low protein
About: Low protein is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8139 publications have been published within this topic receiving 213225 citations.
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TL;DR: The results highlight the impact of protein energy on immunity to influenza infection and suggest that balanced protein energy replenishment may be one strategy to boost immunity against influenza viral infections.
Abstract: Background Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), a common cause of secondary immune deficiency in children, is associated with an increased risk of infections. Very few studies have addressed the relevance of PEM as a risk factor for influenza. Methods We investigated the influence of PEM on susceptibility to, and immune responses following, influenza virus infection using isocaloric diets providing either adequate protein (AP; 18%) or very low protein (VLP; 2%) in a mouse model. Results We found that mice maintained on the VLP diet, when compared to mice fed with the AP diet, exhibited more severe disease following influenza infection based on virus persistence, trafficking of inflammatory cell types to the lung tissue, and virus-induced mortality. Furthermore, groups of mice maintained on the VLP diet showed significantly lower virus-specific antibody response and a reduction in influenza nuclear protein-specific CD8(+) T cells compared with mice fed on the AP diet. Importantly, switching diets for the group maintained on the VLP diet to the AP diet improved virus clearance, as well as protective immunity to viral challenge. Conclusions Our results highlight the impact of protein energy on immunity to influenza infection and suggest that balanced protein energy replenishment may be one strategy to boost immunity against influenza viral infections.
106 citations
TL;DR: Application of the Gordon-Taylor equation failed to predict the critical temperature for any of the protein/sugar mixtures studied, and V(sub) was found to correlate with the measured collapse temperature which could be used to qualitatively investigate the product resistance to water vapor flow.
106 citations
TL;DR: The findings of this study add to the evidence that poor nutritional status may increase an individual's susceptibility to chronic arsenic toxicity, or alternatively that arsenicosis may contribute topoor nutritional status.
Abstract: The role of nutritional factors in arsenic metabolism and toxicity is not clear. Provision of certain low protein diets resulted in decreased excretion of DMA and increased tissue retention of arsenic in experimental studies. This paper reports a prevalence comparison study conducted in Bangladesh to assess the nutritional status among the chronic arsenic exposed and unexposed population. 138 exposed individuals diagnosed as arsenicosis patients were selected from three known arsenic endemic villages of Bangladesh and age, sex matched 144 unexposed subjects were randomly selected from three arsenic free villages. The mean arsenic concentration in drinking water for the exposed and unexposed population was 641.15 and 13.5 microg L(-1) respectively. Body Mass Index was found to be lower than 18.5, the cut off point for malnutrition, in 57 (41.31%) out of 138 exposed arsenicosis cases and 31 (21.53%) out of 144 unexposed individuals. The crude prevalence ratio (or risk) was 1.92 (95% CI = 1.33-2.78) for poor nutritional status among the arsenicosis cases compared to the unexposed population. The findings of this study add to the evidence that poor nutritional status may increase an individual's susceptibility to chronic arsenic toxicity, or alternatively that arsenicosis may contribute to poor nutritional status.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) was used as a novel packaging material for Himalayan cheese (kalari) with different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg/ml of film forming solution) of PPE.
Abstract: Zein films added with different concentrations (0, 25, 50, & 75 mg/ml of film forming solution) of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) were designed and characterized as a novel packaging material for Himalayan cheese (kalari). With increase in PPE concentration, tensile strength, elongation at break, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of zein films increased whereas film solubility, water vapor transmission rate decreased and thickness remained constant. PPE containing films exhibited inhibitory activity against all tested pathogenic strains (Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas perfringens, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococci faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella typhii). ATR-FTIR spectra showed interactions between PPE polyphenols and zein film. Kalari wrapped in PPE containing zein films were found to have low protein and lipid oxidation products during storage when compared to film without PPE. Films were also found to inhibit spoilage microorganisms in kalari whereas number of Lactic acid bacteria was enhanced. The study validated that incorporation of fruit waste (pomegranate peel in this case) which are rich in polyphenols, in zein film offers a promising source for inducing it the ability to control cheese spoilage caused either by the bacterial contamination or protein and fat oxidation, without affecting its overall sensory characteristics.
105 citations
TL;DR: This study investigates metabolic responses to three phases of the annual cycle in three physiological situations (feeding during the day, overnight fasted, short-term fasted) by examining six plasma metabolite levels of three bird species and suggests that the increased fat deposition rate during the migratory period leads to increased hepatic and muscular lipid stores by the end of the day.
Abstract: 1. After the breeding season, migrant passerine birds moult and subsequently migrate to their winter quarters. Moult and migration involve different physiological processes (replacement of body proteins vs energy storage for endurance flights). This study investigates metabolic responses to three phases of the annual cycle (postbreeding, moulting and migratory periods) in three physiological situations (feeding during the day, overnight fasted, short-term fasted) by examining six plasma metabolite levels of three bird species. 2. In birds feeding during the day, diurnal body mass gain, triglyceride and free fatty-acid plasma levels were higher during the migratory period than during the postbreeding and moulting periods. This reflects hyperphagia and hyperlipogenesis in preparation for migratory flights. 3. No clear effects of moult were found on the metabolite levels examined. 4. Overnight fasting was generally characterized by low protein catabolism (low uric acid levels) and increased fat utilization (high free fatty-acid, glycerol and β-hydroxy-butyrate levels), compared with feeding birds. 5. During the migratory period, however, overnight fasted birds showed no elevated free fatty-acid levels, a more marked drop in triglyceride levels, unchanged glucose levels, less increased β-hydroxy-butyrate levels and a stronger decrease in uric acid levels than birds in the postbreeding and moulting periods. This suggests that the increased fat deposition rate during the migratory period leads to increased hepatic and muscular lipid stores by the end of the day. During the migratory period, a higher utilization of these triglycerides allows a lower utilization of fatty acids from adipose tissues and a more effective sparing of protein and carbohydrates during overnight fasting than during the postbreeding period. 6. These metabolic responses were more pronounced in the Blackcap and Robin than in the Garden Warbler which starts migration when it is in the last stages of moult.
105 citations