Magnetic circuit

About: Magnetic circuit is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15707 publications have been published within this topic receiving 118099 citations.

Three-Axial Helmholtz Coil Design and Validation for Aerospace Applications

Abstract: This paper presents the detailed design, construction, and validation of a three-axis square Helmholtz coil. It also describes the methodology used to drive each pair of coils as well as the setup to operate it in a closed-loop system using a digital PID controller. The coil will be mainly used for aerospace applications, especially to aid the development and testing of attitude determination and control systems that use the earth's magnetic field as a reference vector. Most of the system was built using commercial components, reducing cost, and complexity compared to similar commercial systems. The assembled Helmholtz coil has approximately one cubic meter and can generate magnetic fields up to 2 G/ axis, keeping a uniformity of 0.04% around 11 cm of the center, in each axis. A custom-designed voltage-controlled current source, based on the Howland current pump, was employed, requiring no complex electronic circuits. The coil was designed to be part of a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) system, which is controlled by a dSPACE modular simulation hardware and uses a commercial fluxgate magnetometer as the reference. This setup reduces the complexity of the proposed system when compared to similar ones. This paper presents two distinct results: first, there is the validation and results of the uniformity regarding the generated field around the system's center; second, results of the setup with the closed-loop HiL simulation are shown, which includes tests of the coil when generating a dynamic magnetic field.

Plasma accelerator with closed electron drift

Abstract: The proposed accelerator comprises: a magnet system (2) with an outer magnetic pole (10) and an inner magnetic pole (9), both connected to one another by a magnetic circuit (8); an outer magnetic screen (13); an inner magnetic screen (12); a central magnetization coil (5) and outer magnetization coils (7) In addition, the proposed accelerator has a discharge chamber (3) containing a concave anode (18) enclosing magnetic force planes (25) of an ionization zone (22); a sectional gas distributor (26); an inner side plate (15) and an outer side plate (16) whose inner surfaces (20) in the ionization zone (22) are at an angle to the accelerator's longitudinal axis (A-A)

Impact of magnetic nonlinearities and cross-coupling effects on properties of radial active magnetic bearings

Abstract: The impact of magnetic nonlinearities and cross-coupling effects on the properties of the discussed radial active magnetic bearings (AMBs) is evaluated in the entire operating range. The characteristics of flux linkages and radial force are all determined by finite element computation, while the current and position dependent partial derivatives of the flux linkages are calculated by analytical derivations of the continuous approximation functions. Calculated current and position-dependent partial derivatives, as well as the radial force characteristics are incorporated into the proposed dynamic AMB model. The results presented show that the magnetic nonlinearities and cross-coupling effects can change the electromotive forces and the radial force considerably. These disturbing effects have been determined and can be incorporated into the real-time realization of nonlinear control in order to achieve cross-coupling compensations.

Magnetic Field Sensors for Magnetic Position Sensing in Automotive Applications

Abstract: Magnetic position sensors are transducers whose output is an electrical signal that is a function of a mechanical motion. They consist of a permanent magnet, a magnetic field sensor, and a moving magnetic circuit. Being contactless, they do not wear out. Unlike optical systems, they are impervious to contamination. With the proliferation of microprocessor control in many on-board automotive applications, magnetic position sensing becomes a crucial function, found e.g. in cam and crankshaft sensors used for ignition timing and engine misfire detection, in brushless electrical motors, in wheel speed sensors and in other applications. This paper first reviews the requirements put on the magnetic field sensors in these applications. Five main types of field sensors are used: Si Hall sensors with integrated amplifiers, GaAs Hall sensors, InSb-based magnetoresistors, anisotropie magnetoresistors (AMR), and metal-multilayer magnetoresistors (GMR). Magnetoresistors are almost always used as differential pairs, either in Wheatstone bridges or with matched constant current sources. The two characteristics of each type of field sensors that matter most are their sensitivity to magnetic field, and the smallest amount of field modulation they can detect, i.e. their resolution, which is mainly limited by the drift of the outputs with temperature. These parameters are measured and reported here on the 5 types of sensors; the work is an update of a 1993 review by the author.

Measurement and control of magnetomotive force in current transformers and other magnetic bodies

Abstract: A magnetic body having nonlinear permeability is influenced by a magnetomotive force, the magnitude of which is to be measured or controlled. An electric energy source is connected to a winding that is magnetically coupled to the magnetic body. The electric energy source generates an oscillating output so as to cause the magnetic flux within the magnetic body to oscillate at a predetermined frequency. The oscillating flux is associated with an exciting current and excitation voltage, both oscillating at the predetermined frequency. The nonlinear permeability of the magnetic body causes the waveform of the exciting current to have different symmetry than the waveform of the excitation voltage. The difference of symmetry is indicative of the polarity and average value of magnetomotive force experienced by the magnetic body. The difference in symmetry is used to measure the average magnetomotive force experienced by the magnetic body. Alternatively the difference in symmetry may be used as an input to a control system that controls the average magnetomotive force experienced by the magnetic body. When applied to current transformers, the invention enables ordinary current transformers to operate with a-c and d-c primary currents while coupling very little noise to the primary circuit.