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Magnetic structure
About: Magnetic structure is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 207143 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a broad study on the properties of Ca-substituted LaCrO3 is reported, where problems in the synthesis of ca-rich samples of La1−tCatCrO 3−δ are addressed for the La-rich region.
79 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the application of X-ray imaging in the field of particle physics and show that it can be used to detect anomalous materials and their properties.
Abstract: 1. Concerning Methods.- 1.1 Descriptive Methods.- 1.2 Abbreviated Methods.- 1.3 Name-Tag Methods.- 2. Scanning Acoustic Microscopy.- 2.1 Principle of Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM).- 2.2 The Image Contrast of Solids in the Reflection Scanning Acoustic Microscope V(z)-Curves.- 2.3 Examples of Practical Applications of Reflection Scanning Acoustic Microscopy.- 2.3.1 Grain Structure.- 2.3.2 Diffusion Zones.- 2.3.3 Materials Defects.- 2.4 Outlook.- References27.- 3. High-Resolution Electron Microscopy.- 3.1 Background.- 3.1.1 Historical Development.- 3.1.2 Conventional vs. High-Resolution Electron Microscopy.- 3.2 Basic Principles of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy.- 3.2.1 Formation of Lattice Fringe Images.- 3.2.2 Formation of Many-Beam Lattice Images.- 3.2.3 Image Simulation by the Multislice Method.- 3.3 Applications.- 3.3.1 Defect and Defect Analysis.- 3.3.2 Amorphous Metals and Alloys.- 3.3.3 Ordered Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds.- 3.3.4 Phase Transformation.- 3.3.5 Surface, Grain Boundary and Interface.- 3.4 Outlook.- References.- 4. Field Ion Microscopy.- 4.1 Principles and Techniques.- 4.1.1 Magnification, Resolution, and Image Formation.- 4.1.2 Field Evaporation and Desorption.- 4.1.3 Specimen Preparation.- 4.1.4 Image Detection.- 4.1.5 Variants of the Field Ion Microscope.- 4.1.6 Field Emission Field Ion Microscopy.- 4.1.7 The Atom-Probe.- 4.2 Illustrative FIM Studies.- 4.2.1 Atomic Events on Solids.- 4.2.2 Field Evaporation and Desorption Measurements.- References.- 5. X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction.- 5.1 Diffraction of Neutrons and X-Rays by Poly- and Non-Crystalline Alloys.- 5.1.1 Neutron and X-Ray Scattering.- 5.1.2 General Scattering Theory for Solid and Liquid Solutions.- 5.1.3 Binary Alloys.- 5.1.4 Chemical Short-Range Order in Binary Alloys.- 5.1.5 Topological Order in Crystalline Solid Solutions.- 5.1.6 Integrated Intensity.- 5.2 Experimental Techniques.- 5.2.1 X-Ray and Neutron Sources.- 5.2.2 Instrumentation.- 5.3 Applications.- 5.3.1 Structure of Metallic Glasses and Liquids.- 5.3.2 Phase Analysis of Poly-Crystalline Mixtures.- 5.3.3 Small-Angle Scattering.- 5.3.4 Line Profile Analysis of Powder Pattern Peaks.- 5.3.5 Residual Stress Measurements.- 5.3.6 Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering.- References.- 6. Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure.- 6.1 Theory.- 6.1.1 Overview.- 6.1.2 The Standard EXAFS Formula.- 6.1.3 Validity of the Theory.- 6.2 Experimental Techniques.- 6.3 Analysis.- 6.3.1 Basic Manipulations.- 6.3.2 Determination of Structural Parameters.- 6.3.3 Guidelines for Using EXAFS Spectroscopy.- 6.4 Experimental Applications.- 6.4.1 Local Environment Surrounding Solute Atoms.- 6.4.2 Comparison to Theoretical Models.- 6.4.3 Debye-Waller Factors - Mean-Square Displacements.- 6.4.4 Structure of Amorphous Metals.- References.- 7. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.- 7.1 Historical.- 7.2 Basic Principles.- 7.2.1 Photoemission.- 7.2.2 The Core-Electron Binding Energy in a Metal.- 7.2.3 Core-Electron Satellites.- 7.2.4 Plasmons, Electron Mean-Free Path, and Surface Aspects of XPS.- 7.2.5 Measurement of Core-Electron Binding Energy by XPS.- 7.3 Related Methods.- 7.3.1 Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES).- 7.3.2 Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy (IPES).- 7.3.3 X-Ray Absorption Edge Spectroscopy (XAS).- 7.3.4 X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES).- 7.3.5 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES).- 7.3.6 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS).- 7.4 Applications.- 7.4.1 Chemical Analysis.- 7.4.2 Binding Energy Shifts.- 7.4.3 Valence Electron Density of States.- 7.4.4 Conduction-Electron Screening.- 7.5 Recent Developments.- 7.5.1 Surface Atoms.- 7.5.2 Metal Clusters.- References.- 8. Auger Electron Spectroscopy.- 8.1 History.- 8.2 Principles.- 8.2.1 The Auger Energies.- 8.2.2 The Auger Electron Emission Depth.- 8.2.3 Quantitative Analysis by AES.- 8.2.4 Composition Depth Profiling.- 8.2.5 Spatial Resolution in Auger Microscopy.- 8.3 The Instrument.- 8.4 Related Methods.- 8.5 Applications.- 8.5.1 Grain Boundary Segregation Studies.- 8.5.2 Surface Segregation.- 8.5.3 Grain Boundary Diffusion.- 8.5.4 Defect-Enhanced Diffusion.- 8.5.5 Other Studies.- 8.6 Future Developments.- References.- 9. Positron Annihilation.- 9.1 Background.- 9.2 Basic Principles.- 9.2.1 Positron Thermalization.- 9.2.2 Annihilation Process.- 9.3 Experimental Methods.- 9.3.1 Positron Sources.- 9.3.2 Angular Correlation of Annihilation Photons.- 9.3.3 Doppler Broadening of Annihilation Radiation.- 9.3.4 Lifetime Measurements of Positrons.- 9.3.5 Monoenergetic Positron Beams.- 9.4 Applications.- 9.4.1 Fermi Surfaces in Metals and Alloys.- 9.4.2 Metals at Various Temperatures.- 9.4.3 Radiation Induced Defects.- 9.4.4 Amorphous Alloys.- 9.4.5 Surfaces.- 9.5 Conclusions and Outlook.- References.- 10. Muon Spectroscopy.- 10.1 Basic Principles of the Experimental Techniques.- 10.2 The Depolarization Functions.- 10.2.1 Slow Dipole Fluctuations.- 10.2.2 Dipole Fluctuations and Correlation Functions.- 10.3 Diffusion Studies by ?+ SR.- 10.3.1 Standard Theory of the Diffusion of a Light Interstitial in a Metal.- 10.3.2 Effects of Impurities and Defects on the ?+ Damping Rate.- 10.3.3 Quantum ?+ Diffusion in Metals.- 10.3.4 Classical ?+ Diffusion in Metals.- 10.3.5 ?+ Diffusion in Hydrides.- 10.4 Magnetic Studies by ?+ SR.- 10.4.1 Static Properties.- 10.4.2 Dynamic Properties.- 10.5 Conclusions.- References.- 11. Perturbed Angular Correlation.- 11.1 Background.- 11.2 Principles.- 11.2.1 Spin Alignment.- 11.2.2 Spin Precession.- 11.3 Detection of Hyperfine Fields.- 11.3.1 Magnetic Dipole Interaction.- 11.3.2 Electric Quadrupole Interaction.- 11.4 Radioactive Probes, Preparation and Techniques.- 11.4.1 Probe Atoms and Sample Preparation.- 11.4.2 Data Recording and Analysis.- 11.4.3 PAC and Mossbauer Spectroscopy.- 11.5 Applications.- 11.5.1 Hyperfine Fields at Impurities.- 11.5.2 Surface Studies.- 11.5.3 Diffusion of Light Gases in Tantalum.- 11.5.4 Defects and Impurities.- 11.6 Future Developments and Conclusions.- References.- 12. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.- 12.1 Introductory Comments.- 12.2 Physical Background of an NMR Experiment - Hyperfine Interactions.- 12.2.1 Nuclear Paramagnetism.- 12.2.2 Thermal Equilibrium and Dynamic Properties of the Spin System.- 12.2.3 Electric Interaction - Nuclear Quadrupole Moment.- 12.2.4 Summary.- 12.3 Basic NMR Experiment - Principles and Setup.- 12.3.1 Spin Movement in a Magnetic Field.- 12.3.2 Free Induction Decay - Transverse Relaxation Time.- 12.3.3 Spin Echo - Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Broadenings.- 12.3.4 Spin-Lattice Relaxation Measurement.- 12.3.5 Spectrum Measurement.- 12.3.6 NMR Techniques and Instruments.- 12.3.7 Phase Coherent Pulsed NMR Spectrometer.- 12.3.8 Feasibility of an NMR Observation.- 12.4 NMR Outputs - Microscopic Origin.- 12.4.1 Hyperfine Fields.- 12.4.2 Frequency Shifts.- 12.4.3 Relaxation Times.- 12.4.4 Electric Field Gradient.- 12.4.5 Summary.- 12.5 Applications - Structural Investigations.- 12.5.1 Phase Analysis.- 12.5.2 Chemical Short-Range Order.- 12.5.3 Structure of Amorphous Metals.- 12.5.4 Atomic Motion in Metals.- 12.6 Applications - Electronic and Magnetic Properties.- 12.6.1 Local Magnetic Susceptibilities and Moments.- 12.6.2 Impurities in Metals.- 12.6.3 Magnetic Impurities - Occurrence of Magnetism.- 12.6.4 Concentrated Alloys - Local Environment Effects.- 12.6.5 Magnetic Structure and Phase Transition.- 12.6.6 Spin Fluctuations in Rare Earth Based Compounds.- 12.6.7 Electronic Phase Transitions.- 12.7 Conclusion and Outlook.- References.- 13. Mossbauer Spectroscopy.- 13.1 History.- 13.2 Principles.- 13.2.1 Line Width.- 13.2.2 Line Shape.- 13.2.3 Line Intensity (Recoil-Free Fraction).- 13.3 Mossbauer Isotopes.- 13.3.1 Sources.- 13.3.2 Absorbers.- 13.4 Methodology.- 13.4.1 Classical Setup.- 13.4.2 Scattering Geometry.- 13.5 Hyperfine Interactions.- 13.5.1 Isomer Shift.- 13.5.2 Magnetic Hyperfine Interaction.- 13.5.3 Electric Quadrupole Interaction.- 13.5.4 Mixed Interactions.- 13.5.5 Polarimetry.- 13.6 Relativistic Effects.- 13.7 Time-Dependent Effects.- 13.8 Applications.- 13.8.1 Iron.- 13.8.2 Phase Analysis.- 13.8.3 Texture.- 13.8.4 Defects.- 13.8.5 Amorphous.- 13.8.6 Relaxation Phenomena.- 13.9 Outlook.- References.- Additional References with Titles.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation has been obtained in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys MnNiGa by doping a small amount of Co.
Abstract: With a high Curie temperature and low entropy change, the magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation has been obtained in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys MnNiGa by doping a small amount of Co. Due to the ferromagnetic activation effect of Co, a large amount of antiferromagnetically aligned Mn moments are turned into ferromagnetic ordering, which is verified by our electronic structural calculation and experimental observation. Consequently, the magnetization rises up to 70emu∕g and the magnetization difference between two phases increases about ten times, resulting in a considerable dT∕dH of 4K∕T and a well-defined reversed transformation induced by a magnetic field.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural properties of complex perovskite lead iron tungstate, Pb(Fe 2/3 W 1/3 )O 3 (PFW) which belongs to a class off disordered magnetoelectrics has been studied by neutron powder diffraction.
79 citations
TL;DR: This work investigates the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Fe_{1+x}Te using first-principles density functional calculations and finds the calculated magnetic interactions are found to be critically dependent on doping and notably different from the arsenides.
Abstract: To understand newly discovered superconductivity in Fe-based systems, we investigate the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Fe_{1+x}Te using first-principles density functional calculations. While the undoped FeTe has the same Fermi surface nested at (pi,pi) as in Fe arsenides, doping by approximately 0.5 electrons reveals a novel square-type Fermi surface showing a strong (pi,0) nesting and leading to a different magnetic structure. Our result strongly supports the same mechanism of superconductivity in chalcogenides as in the arsenides, reconciling theory with existing experiments. The calculated magnetic interactions are found to be critically dependent on doping and notably different from the arsenides.
79 citations