Magnetite

About: Magnetite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10277 publications have been published within this topic receiving 278071 citations.

Oxide-Scale Structures Formed on Commercial Hot-Rolled Steel Strip and Their Formation Mechanisms

Abstract: The oxide-scale structure developed on commercial hot-rolled steel strip at the mid-coil position was examined. The initial oxide scale after rolling and cooling on the run-out table had a three-layer (hematite, magnetite, and wustite) structure; the thickness was found to be a function of the finishing temperature. From this initial structure, various final scale structures developed after coiling, depending on the coiling temperature, oxygen availability, and cooling rate. For relatively low coiling temperatures (e.g., at 520°C), the final scale structure comprised an inner magnetite/iron mixture layer, an outer magnetite layer, and, at regions away from the center, a very thin outermost hematite layer. For higher coiling temperatures (e.g., in the range of 610 to 720°C), a two-layer hematite/magnetite structure was observed at the edge regions, whereas at the center regions, these two layers were absent and the entire scale layer comprised a mixture of the wustite-transformation products, i.e., a mixture of proeutectoid magnetite, magnetite+iron eutectoid, and a certain amount of retained wustite. At regions between the edges and the center, the oxide structures were similar to those developed at low coiling temperatures (<570°C), i.e., an inner layer comprising a mixture of the wustite-transformation products, an intermediate magnetite layer and at regions near the edges, an outermost hematite layer. In addition, two distinct structures were observed on strips with a coiling temperature of 720°C. One structure comprised a very thick hematite layer (3–5 μm) formed near the edges (within 10–20 mm from the edges), while the other structure comprised a substantial amount of retained wustite formed at the center regions. The formation mechanisms of various oxide scale structures are discussed.

A Comparison of Magnetite Particles Produced Anaerobically by Magnetotactic and Dissimilatory Iron‐Reducing Bacteria

Abstract: We compare the magnetic properties of fine-grained magnetite produced by two newly isolated anaerobic bacteria, a magnetotactic bacterium (MV-1) and a dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium (GS-15). Although room-temperature magnetic properties are generally different between the two microorganisms, MV-1 and GS-15 magnetites can be most easily distinguished by the temperature variation of saturation remanence obtained at liquid helium temperatures. Magnetite produced by MV-1 displays a sharp discontinuity in intensity at 100 K related to the Verwey transition. Magnetite produced by GS-15 displays a gradual decrease in intensity with temperature due to the progressive unblocking of magnetization. The differing behavior is due exclusively to different grain size distributions produced by these microorganisms. MV-1 produces magnetite with a narrow grain size distribution that is within the stable single domain size range at room temperature and below. GS-15 produces magnetite with a wide grain size distribution extending into the superparamagnetic (SPM) size range. Our results show that a substantial fraction of particles produced by GS-15 are SPM at room temperature.