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Malaria

About: Malaria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 37074 publications have been published within this topic receiving 914099 citations. The topic is also known as: Plasmodium infection & induced malaria.


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Journal ArticleDOI
23 Aug 1952-JAMA
TL;DR: In the summer of 1951, when large numbers of Korean veterans came down with vivax malaria, a study designed to compare the curative effectiveness of pamaquine and primaquine was initiated and the results of that study are presented.
Abstract: In the summer of 1951, when large numbers of Korean veterans came down with vivax malaria, a study designed to compare the curative effectiveness of pamaquine and primaquine was initiated. This preliminary report presents the results of that study after 11 months of observation. METHODS All patients admitted to the station hospitals with vivax malaria between July 25, 1951, and May 1, 1952, were included in this study. The diagnosis was established in every case by demonstrating parasites in the peripheral blood in two nonconsecutive smears. When the diagnosis was established, patients were treated in rotation according to one of the following regimens: Regimen A: Chloroquine.— A total dosage of 1.5 gm. of base was given in three doses of 0.3 gm. each during the first 24 hours, followed by a single dose of 0.3 gm. daily for two days. Regimen B: Chloroquine Plus Pamaquine.— A total dose of 1.5

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is indicated that the response to quinine in this area may be faltering, and the reappearance of parasites in three of these five patients were true recrudescences rather than a re-infection, based on genetic evidence.
Abstract: Summary An observational clinical trial was conducted in New Halfa, eastern Sudan, in November and December 2003. Sixty-two patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were treated with oral quinine (10 mg/kg thrice daily for 7 d); 47 (76%) of these patients were followed-up to day 28, and 5 (10.6%) of them appeared to have late treatment failures. The parasitological failures were early R1 in two (4.3%) patients and late R1 in three (6.4%) patients. The reappearance of parasites in three of these five patients were true recrudescences rather than a re-infection, based on genetic evidence. The present results and those of earlier investigations indicate that the response to quinine in this area may be faltering.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work has shown clear evidence that co-infection in children with severe falciparum malaria commonly have concomitant gram-negative bacteremia, but co- Infection has been thought to be relatively rare in adult malaria.
Abstract: More than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have concurrent bacteremia when admitted to hospital; these children have a case-fatality rate that is more than two fold greater than those with SFM alone [1]. There is no reliable way to identify these bacteremic children either clinically or with basic laboratory tests, and so World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend that all children hospitalized with SFM in areas of intermediate and high malaria transmission receive immediate broad-spectrum antibiotics in addition to their antimalarial therapy [2]. In contrast, there are fewer data in adults with SFM. Only 1 case of bacteremia was identified in an Indian series of 67 adults hospitalized with malaria [3]. None of 38 Tanzanian adults with hospitalized with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and severe febrile illness were bacteremic [4], whereas unpublished Vietnamese data from the 1990s suggested that concomitant bacteremia occurred in only 0.2% of adults [2]. As a result, when compared with the strong recommendation for immediate antibacterial therapy in all children with SFM in moderate and high transmission areas, WHO guidelines for the management of adults are less prescriptive. Although a low threshold for initiation is generally advised, the guidelines do not clearly recommend empirical antibacterial therapy in adults unless they are hypotensive or have a clinical syndrome compatible with serious bacterial infection [2]. However, clinicians in resource-limited settings commonly start antibacterial therapy in any patient hospitalized with malaria. Although not necessarily conforming to WHO guidelines, the practice is understandable. Falciparum malaria can be rapidly fatal, and antibiotics are one of the few affordable adjunctive treatments that is widely available in these settings [2]. However this strategy has potential shortcomings: indiscriminate use of antibiotics increases health care costs and the risk of drug side effects, while driving antibiotic resistance, which is already at concerning levels in malaria endemic areas [5]. Given the paucity of published data to guide practice, this study was performed to better define the frequency of concomitant bacteremia in adults hospitalized with falciparum malaria and the clinical characteristics of such patients.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Feb 2011-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Exposure to multiple P. falciparum infections is associated with protective immunity, but there appears to be an additional effect in untreated multiclonal infections that offsets this protective effect.
Abstract: Background Protective immunity to malaria is acquired after repeated infections in endemic areas. Asymptomatic multiclonal P. falciparum infections are common and may predict host protection. Here, we have investigated the effect of clearing asymptomatic infections on the risk of clinical malaria. Methods Malaria episodes were continuously monitored in 405 children (1–6 years) in an area of moderate transmission, coastal Kenya. Blood samples collected on four occasions were assessed by genotyping the polymorphic P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 using fluorescent PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Following the second survey, asymptomatic infections were cleared with a full course of dihydroartemisinin. Results Children who were parasite negative by PCR had a lower risk of subsequent malaria regardless of whether treatment had been given. Children with ≥2 clones had a reduced risk of febrile malaria compared with 1 clone after clearance of asymptomatic infections, but not if asymptomatic infections were not cleared. Multiclonal infection was associated with an increased risk of re-infection after drug treatment. However, among the children who were re-infected, multiclonal infections were associated with a shift from clinical malaria to asymptomatic parasitaemia. Conclusion The number of clones was associated with exposure as well as blood stage immunity. These effects were distinguished by clearing asymptomatic infection with anti-malarials. Exposure to multiple P. falciparum infections is associated with protective immunity, but there appears to be an additional effect in untreated multiclonal infections that offsets this protective effect.

23 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20243
20232,222
20224,988
20211,303
20201,547
20191,428