Malondialdehyde

About: Malondialdehyde is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15239 publications have been published within this topic receiving 483996 citations. The topic is also known as: Malonaldehyde & Malonic aldehyde.

Microsomal lipid peroxidation.

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses microsomal lipid peroxidation Lipid peroxidation is a complex process known to occur in both plants and animals It involves the formation and propagation of lipid radicals, the uptake of oxygen, a rearrangement of the double bonds in unsaturated lipids, and the eventual destruction of membrane lipids, producing a variety of breakdown products, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and ethers Biological membranes are often rich in unsaturated fatty acids and bathed in an oxygen-rich, metal-containing fluid Lipid peroxidation begins with the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from an unsaturated fatty acid, resulting in the formation of a lipid radical The formation of lipid endoperoxides in unsaturated fatty acids containing at least 3 methylene interrupted double bonds can lead to the formation of malondialdehyde as a breakdown product Nonenzymic peroxidation of microsomal membranes also occurs and is probably mediated in part by endogenous hemoproteins and transition metals The direct measurement of lipid hydroperoxides has an advantage over the thiobarbituric acid assay in that it permits a more accurate comparison of lipid peroxide levels in dissimilar lipid membranes

Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the malondialdehyde (MDA) as index of lipid peroxidation. The determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) has attracted widespread interest, because it appears to offer a facile means of assessing lipid peroxidation in biological materials. Malondialdehyde occurs in biological materials in free state and in various covalently bound forms. Urine also contains small amounts of MDA adducts with guanine, the phospholipid bases serine and ethanolamine, and other unidentified reactants. Free MDA is a minor and variable excretory product. It is apparent from the occurrence of these derivatives in urine that MDA forms adducts with proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances in vivo, and this compromises the assessment of lipid peroxidation in the tissues based on the determination of free MDA. The pH required for maximum yield of MDA varies among biological materials depending on the nature of the derivatives present. MDA may be generated during hydrolysis by the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the sample and by the degradation of preexisting oxidation products. Pigments present in the sample, or generated during hydrolysis, also can interfere in the colorimetric assessment of MDA. These problems, and possibilities for their resolution, are discussed in the chapter.

Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal.

Abstract: Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.

Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methods used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of aldehydes in biological systems. It focuses on 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). 4-Hydroxynonenal is produced as a major product of the peroxidative decomposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and possesses cytotoxic, hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and genoroxic properties. Increased levels of HNE are found in plasma and various organs under conditions of oxidative stress. In addition to HNE, lipid peroxidation generates many other aldehydes that may also be of toxicological significance. Malondialdehyde is in many instances the most abundant individual aldehyde resulting from lipid peroxidation, and its determination by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) is one of the most common assays in lipid peroxidation studies. In vitro MDA can alter proteins, DNA, RNA, and many other biomolecules. Recently, it has been demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies that malonaldehyde-altered protein occurs in atheroma of hyperlipidemic rabbits.