Mammography

About: Mammography is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20643 publications have been published within this topic receiving 513679 citations.

Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors among African American women: the Black cosmetologists promoting health program.

Abstract: African American women have higher rates of breast cancer mortality than their white counterparts. Studies have suggested that this is partly caused by discovery of cancer at a later stage, highlighting the importance of encouraging early detection of breast cancer in this population. To guide the creation of a breast cancer education intervention and help focus other health educators' and clinicians' health promotion efforts, this study explored whether a cohort of African American women living in San Diego would demonstrate the possession of adequate baseline knowledge about breast cancer screening and adherence to widely recommended screening guidelines. African American women (N = 1,055) from San Diego, California participated in a beauty salon-based survey about breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening practices. Women's ages ranged from 20 to 94 years, with average age of 42.20 (SD = 13.53) years. Thirty-four percent reported completing college and/or some graduate school training, and 52% reported having some college or post high school formal training. Seventy-five percent of the sample reported working outside their home. Participating cosmetologists and their salons were recruited to the study through word-of-mouth referral by highly respected African American community leaders. Salon clients reported low rates of adherence to recommended breast cancer screening guidelines. Of the 1,055 participants, 31% reporting performing breast self-exam every month. Of those participants 40 and older, 57% reported having had a clinical breast exam and 43% reported having had a mammogram in the past year. Knowledge of breast cancer was associated with adherence to screening guidelines. While women recognized the serious health threat that breast cancer poses and that early detection of breast cancer is important, only 30% of women reported feeling well informed about the disease. Many participants demonstrated a lack of basic knowledge about breast cancer. The Health Belief Model postulates that access to such information is an essential element in the progression toward engaging in screening behaviors. Data from this study reflect a continuing need for increased breast cancer education for African American women. In light of the considerable mainstream information available related to breast cancer, these data reinforce the need for more breast cancer education programs that are clearly intended to attract the attention of African American women.

Surgical decision making and factors determining a diagnosis of breast carcinoma in women presenting with nipple discharge

Abstract: Background There is no consensus about the use of the various diagnostic tests and surgical procedures available to confirm or rule out breast cancer in patients presenting with nipple discharge. This study was designed to identify patient and nipple-discharge characteristics associated with the diagnosis of breast cancer and to determine the utility of mammography, sonography, ductography, and cytology in surgical decision making in patients presenting with pathologic nipple discharge. Study design We reviewed the medical records of all patients who presented with nipple discharge at our institution between August 1993 and September 2000. Patient and nipple-discharge characteristics and findings on imaging studies and cytologic examination were analyzed. Results A total of 146 patients presented at our institution with nipple discharge during the study period. Of these, 52 had clinically benign discharge and were managed without surgical intervention; 94 patients had pathologic discharge and underwent a biopsy procedure for histologic diagnosis, treatment, or both. Logistic regression analysis identified mammographic (relative risk [RR] = 10.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36 to 46.39, p=0.0002) and sonographic (RR = 5.54, 95% CI 1.27 to 25.40, p=0.028) abnormalities as independent factors associated with a malignant diagnosis. Nineteen cancers, 62 papillomas, and 13 other benign lesions were identified among the patients with pathologic discharge. In 3 patients with cancer (15.8%) and 30 patients with a papilloma (48.4%), ductography was the only means of identifying lesions to be resected. Patients who underwent ductography-guided operation (n = 42, 50%) or any surgical procedure including a localization study (n = 66, 78.6%) were significantly more likely than patients who underwent central duct excision alone to have a specific underlying lesion identified (p = 0.045 and p=0.033, respectively). Conclusions Abnormalities on mammography and sonography in patients with nipple discharge should alert physicians to the possibility of a breast cancer diagnosis. In patients with pathologic discharge with normal findings on physical examination and other imaging studies, ductography might be the only means of localizing and resecting breast lesions associated with nipple discharge.

Magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer: A literature review and future perspectives.

Abstract: Early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer are essential for successful treatment. Currently mammography and ultrasound are the basic imaging techniques for the detection and localization of breast tumors. The low sensitivity and specificity of these imaging tools resulted in a demand for new imaging modalities and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become increasingly important in the detection and delineation of breast cancer in daily practice. However, the clinical benefits of the use of pre-operative MRI in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer is still a matter of debate. The main additional diagnostic value of MRI relies on specific situations such as detecting multifocal, multicentric or contralateral disease unrecognized on conventional assessment (particularly in patients diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma), assessing the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, detection of cancer in dense breast tissue, recognition of an occult primary breast cancer in patients presenting with cancer metastasis in axillary lymph nodes, among others. Nevertheless, the development of new MRI technologies such as diffusion-weighted imaging, proton spectroscopy and higher field strength 7.0 T imaging offer a new perspective in providing additional information in breast abnormalities. We conducted an expert literature review on the value of breast MRI in diagnosing and staging breast cancer, as well as the future potentials of new MRI technologies.

Modern mammography screening and breast cancer mortality: population study

Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluatethe effectivenessof contemporarymammography screening using individual information about screening history and breast cancer mortality from public screening programmes. Design Prospective cohort study of Norwegian women who were followed between 1986 and 2009. Within that period (1995-2005), a national mammography screening programme was gradually implemented, with biennial invitations sent to women aged 50-69 years. Participants All Norwegian women aged 50-79 between 1986 and 2009. Main outcome measures Multiple Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate breast cancer mortality rate ratios comparing women who were invited to screening (intention to screen) with women who were not invited, with a clear distinction between cases of breast cancer diagnosed before (without potential for screening effect) and after (with potential for screening effect) the first invitation for screening. We took competing causes of death into account by censoring women from further follow-up who died from other causes. Based on the observed mortality reduction combined with the all cause and breast cancer specific mortality in Norway in 2009, we used the CISNET (Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network) Stanford simulation model to estimate how many women would need to be invited to biennial mammography screening in the age group 50-69 years to prevent one breast cancer death during their lifetime. Results During 15 193 034 person years of observation (1986-2009), deaths from breast cancer occurred in 1175 women with a diagnosis after being invited to screening and 8996 women who had not been invited before diagnosis. After adjustment for age, birth cohort, county of residence, and national trends in deaths from breast cancer, the mortality rate ratio associated with being invited to mammography screening was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.79). To prevent one death from breast cancer, 368 (95% confidence interval 266 to 508) women would need to be invited to screening.

Unusual breast lesions: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Abstract: Unusual lesions of the breast can present a diagnostic challenge. These lesions include systemic diseases, benign tumors, and primary and metastatic malignancies. Lymphadenopathy is the most common mammographic finding associated with collagen vascular disease. Wegener granulomatosis may manifest as an irregular, high-density mass simulating breast cancer. Diabetic fibrous mastopathy manifests at mammography as very dense breast tissue and at ultrasonography (US) as an irregular, hypoechoic mass with striking posterior acoustic shadowing simulating malignancy. Fibromatosis simulates malignancy at mammography as an irregularly shaped, uncalcified, high-density mass and at US as an irregular, hypoechoic mass with posterior acoustic shadowing. At US, granular cell tumor may manifest as a solid, poorly marginated mass with marked posterior acoustic shadowing or may appear more benign. At mammography, hamartomas are typically well-circumscribed, round to oval masses with a thin, radiopaque pseudocapsule; at US...