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Mammography
About: Mammography is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20643 publications have been published within this topic receiving 513679 citations.
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TL;DR: The preliminary findings suggest that, in this cohort of women at risk of breast cancer, mammographic breast density may be genetically influenced.
Abstract: Background: The appearance of the female breast viewed by mammography varies considerably from one individual to another because of underlying differences in the relative proportions of fat, connective tissue, and glandular epithelium that combine to create a characteristic pattern of breast density. An association between mammographic patterns and family history of breast cancer has previously been reported. However, this association has not been found in all studies, and few data are available on possible genetic components contributing to mammographic breast density. Purpose : Our purpose was to estimate familial correlations and perform complex genetic segregation analyses to test the hypothesis that the transmission of a major gene influences mammographic breast density. Methods: As part of a cohort study (initiated in 1944) of families with a history of breast cancer, the probands' female relatives who were older than 40 years were asked to obtain a routine mammogram. The mammograms of 1370 women from 258 independent families were analyzed. The fraction of the breast volume occupied by radiographically dense tissue was estimated visually from video displays of left or right mediolateral oblique views by one radiologist experienced in mammography who had no knowledge of individual relationships to the probands. Data on breast cancer risk factors were obtained through telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires. Unadjusted and adjusted familial correlations in breast density were calculated, and complex genetic segregation analyses were performed. Results: Sister-sister correlations in breast density (unadjusted and adjusted for age and either body mass index, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, waist-to-hip ratio, number of live births, alcohol consumption, or cigarette smoking status) were all statistically significant (r = .16-.27; all P<.05 [two-sided]). Estimated mother-daughter correlations were smaller in magnitude (r =.01-.17) and not statistically significant. Segregation analyses indicate that a major autosomal gene influences breast density. The mendelian transmission of a dominant gene provided the best fit to the data; however, hypotheses involving the inheritance of either a recessive gene or a codominant gene could not be ruled out. The mendelian dominant hypothesis, accounting for 29% of the variability in breast density, suggests that approximately 12% of the population would be expected to carry at least one variant allele of this putative gene. Women who inherit the variant allele would have a mean breast density about twice that of the rest of the population. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that, in this cohort of women at risk of breast cancer, mammographic breast density may be genetically influenced.
132 citations
TL;DR: These findings suggest that more frequent screening could dramatically reduce the death rate from breast cancer.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a mathematic method that can be used to determine the optimal screening interval for detection of breast cancer prior to distant metastatic spread. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computer simulation was developed with the use of biologically based data from the literature on the rates of tumor growth and spread, which can be used to calculate the course of breast cancer growth and metastasis. RESULTS: On the basis of the data available at this time, the results of the simulations suggested that a screening interval of 2 years would result in a 22% reduction in the rate of distant metastatic disease, an interval of 1 year would result in a 51% reduction, and an interval of 6 months would result in an 80% reduction. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that more frequent screening could dramatically reduce the death rate from breast cancer.
132 citations
TL;DR: Although a mass could not be discernible by mammography because of increased radiodensity during pregnancy or lactation, calcification, asymmetric density, axillary lymphadenopathy, and skin and trabecular thickening were helpful for diagnosis of pregnancy‐associated breast cancer.
Abstract: Objective. To evaluate the mammographic and sonographic findings of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Methods. A total of 22 consecutive patients with breast cancer pathologically diagnosed during pregnancy (n = 10) or lactation (n = 12) were included in this study. The ages of the patients ranged from 26 to 49 years. Both mammography and sonography were performed on 12 patients; sonography only was performed on 7 patients; and mammography only was performed on 3 patients. Mammographic and sonographic findings were evaluated retrospectively. Results. Mammography revealed positive findings in 13 (86.7%) of 15 patients, even though all 15 patients had dense breasts.
132 citations
TL;DR: Of an estimated pool of 1,700 potential participants, only 382 (22%) eligible women participated in a low-cost breast cancer screening program offered to university and medical center employees, and factors related to mammography behavior were determined.
132 citations
TL;DR: Women not thinking about getting a mammogram were most likely to benefit from these tailored interventions while other women might need less intensive interventions.
132 citations