Topic
Mammography
About: Mammography is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20643 publications have been published within this topic receiving 513679 citations.
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TL;DR: Promising new measures of mammographic density, including volumetric density, which can be standardized using full-field digital mammography, will likely result in a stronger risk factor and improve accuracy of risk prediction models.
Abstract: In this review, we examine the evidence for mammographic density as an independent risk factor for breast cancer, describe the risk prediction models that have incorporated density, and discuss the current and future implications of using mammographic density in clinical practice. Mammographic density is a consistent and strong risk factor for breast cancer in several populations and across age at mammogram. Recently, this risk factor has been added to existing breast cancer risk prediction models, increasing the discriminatory accuracy with its inclusion, albeit slightly. With validation, these models may replace the existing Gail model for clinical risk assessment. However, absolute risk estimates resulting from these improved models are still limited in their ability to characterize an individual's probability of developing cancer. Promising new measures of mammographic density, including volumetric density, which can be standardized using full-field digital mammography, will likely result in a stronger risk factor and improve accuracy of risk prediction models.
306 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that public health programs to promote screening mammography should especially target primary care physicians and women with low incomes and education and ensure that their patients are referred to facilities that deliver high-quality mammography at low cost to make the procedure more accessible.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Mammography rates reported by women in the National Health Interview Surveys of 1990 and 1987 are examined. Why this screening modality is not more frequently used is explored. METHODS. Data from the 1987 and 1990 National Health Interview Surveys, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, are cross-tabulated and compared. RESULTS. In 1987, approximately 17% of women over 40 years of age reported having had a screening mammogram in the previous year. In 1990, the rate doubled. Race declined in importance; income and education remained strong, positive predictors of screening. CONCLUSIONS. Despite this dramatic increase, two thirds of women are not having screening mammograms. Use was not higher primarily because women did not realize that screening mammography tests for breast cancer in asymptomatic women. Primary care physicians are the main source of health education for screening mammography. The data suggest that public health programs to promote screening mammography should ...
305 citations
TL;DR: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Arab countries with a young age of around 50 years at presentation and more radiation centers and early detection would optimize care and reduce the currently high rate of total mastectomies.
305 citations
TL;DR: The algorithm was notably successful in the detection of minimal cancers manifested by masses, and an extensive study of the effects of the algorithm's parameters on its sensitivity and specificity was performed in order to optimize the method for a clinical, observer performance study.
Abstract: A technique is proposed for the detection of tumors in digital mammography. Detection is performed in two steps: segmentation and classification. In segmentation, regions of interest are first extracted from the images by adaptive thresholding. A further reliable segmentation is achieved by a modified Markov random field (MRF) model-based method. In classification, the MRF segmented regions are classified into suspicious and normal by a fuzzy binary decision tree based on a series of radiographic, density-related features. A set of normal (50) and abnormal (45) screen/film mammograms were tested. The latter contained 48 biopsy proven, malignant masses of various types and subtlety. The detection accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated by means of a free response receiver operating characteristic curve which shows the relationship between the detection of true positive masses and the number of false positive alarms per image. The results indicated that a 90% sensitivity can be achieved in the detection of different types of masses at the expense of two falsely detected signals per image. The algorithm was notably successful in the detection of minimal cancers manifested by masses /spl les/10 mm in size. For the 16 such cases in the authors' dataset, a 94% sensitivity was observed with 1.5 false alarms per image. An extensive study of the effects of the algorithm's parameters on its sensitivity and specificity was also performed in order to optimize the method for a clinical, observer performance study. >
304 citations
TL;DR: Results from EM breast examinations provide statistical evidence of a mean increase in image contrast of 150%-200% between abnormal (benign and malignant) and normal breast tissue and suggest a biological origin of the EM image properties associated with disease.
Abstract: Purpose: To prospectively assess quantitatively the inherent contrast of electromagnetic (EM) properties that can be imaged by using available technology in women with abnormal findings at conventional breast imaging who underwent subsequent biopsy. Materials and Methods: The protocol was HIPAA compliant and approved by the institutional review board. All participants provided informed consent. Fifty-three women with normal (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BI-RADS] category 1) and ninety-seven women with abnormal (BI-RADS category 4 or 5) screening mammograms were imaged with three EM imaging methods: electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), microwave imaging spectroscopy (MIS), and near-infrared spectral tomography (NIR). A region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was used to assess the EM image properties for comparison of findings with conventional image findings and correlation with specific pathologic parameters for women with abnormal findings. Statistical analyses were conducted. Results: One hu...
302 citations