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Mantella
About: Mantella is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2575 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a perhydro 2-allyl-5-ethyl-7-n-propylpyrrolo[2,1,5-cd]indolizine structure was proposed for a major tricyclic alkaloid 261C isolated from skin extracts of a Madagascan poison frog of the mantellid genus Mantella.
Abstract: Based upon 1 H-NMR, MS and IR spectra, a perhydro 2-allyl-5-ethyl-7-n-propylpyrrolo[2,1,5-cd]indolizine structure (1) is proposed for a major tricyclic alkaloid 261C isolated from skin extracts of a Madagascan poison frogof the mantellid genus Mantella.
11 citations
TL;DR: The genetic results confirm that M. viridis and M. ebenaui are closely related but reveal that no haplotype sharing occurs between these two taxa, and provide evidence for barriers to gene flow among some of the colour morphs.
Abstract: Mantella viridis is a threatened poison frog species endemic to the ecologically very heterogeneous northern region of Madagascar. The existence of several colour morphs within M. viridis and its very low genetic differentiation to the allopatrically distributed Mantella ebenaui raise questions about the processes driving the differentiation between these poison frog populations and about their taxonomic status. Using a DNA fragment of 476 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 240 individuals of this species complex, we investigated the genetic variability of all known colour morphs of M. viridis, sampling this species throughout its known range, as well as several populations of M. ebenaui. Our genetic results confirm that M. viridis and M. ebenaui are closely related but reveal that no haplotype sharing occurs between these two taxa. Further, our molecular analyses provided evidence for barriers to gene flow among some of the colour morphs. Estimates of overlap of bioclimatic envelopes as assessed by ecological niche modelling also suggest a distinct bioclimatic niche of some of the lineages studied.
11 citations
TL;DR: The significantly different TI times found in this study, one captive population with shorter responses, were principally an effect of body condition rather than being a result of rearing environment, however, this does not mean that the authors can always dismiss the importance ofRearing environment in terms of behavioural skills expressed.
Abstract: Adaptations to captivity that reduce fitness are one of many reasons, which explain the low success rate of reintroductions. One way of testing this hypothesis is to compare an important behavioural response in captive and wild members of the same species. Thanatosis, is an anti-predator strategy that reduces the risk of death from predation, which is a common behavioral response in frogs. The study subjects for this investigation were captive and wild populations of Mantella aurantiaca. Thanatosis reaction was measured using the Tonic Immobility (TI) test, a method that consists of placing a frog on its back, restraining it in this position for a short period of time and then releasing it and measuring how much time was spent feigning death. To understand the pattern of reaction time, morphometric data were also collected as body condition can affect the duration of thanatosis. The significantly different TI times found in this study, one captive population with shorter responses, were principally an effect of body condition rather than being a result of rearing environment. However, this does not mean that we can always dismiss the importance of rearing environment in terms of behavioural skills expressed.
11 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons of the skin microbiota of captive and wild Mantella aurantiaca showed that captive individuals had significantly lower diversity of bacterial species and lower relative abundant microbiota when compared to wild populations; this could result in captive frogs released back to the wild probably has greater susceptibility to infections due to inadequate skin microbiota.
Abstract: Bacterial communities are frequently found in symbiotic associations with most animal species. The characteristically moist amphibian skin provides a good environment for the growth of some species of bacteria; among these a few can act as a first line defense mechanism against infections. Amphibians in the wild have relatively high exposure to bacteria through environmental transmission and through interactions with different conspecifics, whilst in captivity animals interact with fewer individuals, as well as experiencing a less complex environment through which to obtain their bacterial community. Here we compared the skin microbiota of captive and wild Mantella aurantiaca to investigate whether the captive environment was affecting individuals’ skin associated bacteria. This could have survivorship implications if captive animals had a different skin microbial community in comparison to wild counterparts and they were to be used in a reintroduction program. The microbial community were characterized through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing methodology. Analyses showed that captive individuals had significantly lower diversity of bacterial species and lower relative abundant microbiota when compared to wild populations; this could result in captive frogs released back to the wild probably has greater susceptibility to infections due to inadequate skin microbiota.
11 citations
TL;DR: The total synthesis of pyrrolizidines 223H', 239K', 265H', and 267H' has been achieved starting from 1,5-hexadiene via a common synthetic intermediate 5.
11 citations