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Marangoni effect

About: Marangoni effect is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5336 publications have been published within this topic receiving 98562 citations. The topic is also known as: Gibbs–Marangoni effect.


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Journal ArticleDOI
Marcello Lappa1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided evidence that when the so-called phenomenon of particle accumulation structure (PAS) occurs, extended regions exist where ½ of the axial component of vorticity matches the angular frequency of the traveling wave produced by the instability of the Marangoni flow.
Abstract: Evidence is provided that when the so-called phenomenon of particle accumulation structure (PAS) occurs, extended regions exist where ½ of the axial component of vorticity matches the angular frequency of the traveling wave produced by the instability of the Marangoni flow. Several cases are considered in which such axial component is varied by “injecting” vorticity into the system via rotation of one of its endwalls. The results show that both the resulting PAS lines and the trajectories of related solid particles undergo significant changes under the influence of imposed rotation. By analysis of such findings, a validation and a generalization/extension of the so-called “phase-locking” model are provided.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a study of the inkjet printing of tantalum-oxide-based dielectric structures on indium-tinoxide-coated glass.
Abstract: We present a study of the inkjet printing of tantalum-oxide-based dielectric structures on indium-tin-oxide-coated glass. Ta-Al-Si-alkoxide-based ink formulations with 2-methoxyethanol (2MOE) as the main solvent and a highly viscous glycerol (GLY) or 1,3-propanediol (PD) co-solvent exhibit the optimal values of viscosity and surface tension for piezoelectric inkjet printing, and show good jetting performance. However, the drying of the printed structures results in a pronounced “coffee-stain” effect. We relate this phenomenon to the much higher volatility of 2MOE than either of the viscous solvents and the dominant evaporation of the former immediately after the ink has been printed on the substrate. Consequently, the recirculating Marangoni solvent flow exists only at the onset of drying and ceases to exist once the 2MOE has completely evaporated from the drying feature. The combination of all three solvents appears to prolong the duration of the Marangoni flow, as suggested by differential scanning calorimetry, resulting in an improved uniformity of dried structures. By adjusting the solvent composition we could tailor the topology of deposits and print 45 nm-thick, flat and uniform capacitors with the performance (good dielectric properties of er ∼ 15, tan(δ) ∼ 0.034 at 100 kHz and a low leakage current density of 2.4 × 10−7 A cm−2 at 200 kV cm−1) comparable to spin-coated films.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the combined effects of buoyancy-driven Rayleigh-B\'enard convection and surface tension-driven Marangoni convection (MC) are studied in a triple-layer configuration which serves as a simplified model for a liquid metal battery.
Abstract: The combined effects of buoyancy-driven Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RC) and surface tension-driven Marangoni convection (MC) are studied in a triple-layer configuration which serves as a simplified model for a liquid metal battery (LMB). The three-layer model consists of a liquid metal alloy cathode, a molten salt separation layer, and a liquid metal anode at the top. Convection is triggered by the temperature gradient between the hot electrolyte and the colder electrodes, which is a consequence of the release of resistive heat during operation. We present a linear stability analysis of the state of pure thermal conduction in combination with three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the nonlinear turbulent evolution on the basis of a pseudospectral method. Five different modes of convection are identified in the configuration, which are partly coupled to each other: RC in the upper electrode, RC with internal heating in the molten salt layer, and MC at both interfaces between molten salt and electrode as well as anticonvection in the middle layer and lower electrode. The linear stability analysis confirms that the additional Marangoni effect in the present setup increases the growth rates of the linearly unstable modes, i.e., Marangoni and Rayleigh-B\'enard instability act together in the molten salt layer. The critical Grashof and Marangoni numbers decrease with increasing middle layer thickness. The calculated thresholds for the onset of convection are found for realistic current densities of laboratory-sized LMBs. The global turbulent heat transfer follows scaling predictions for internally heated RC. The global turbulent momentum transfer is comparable with turbulent convection in the classical Rayleigh-B\'enard case. In summary, our studies show that incorporating Marangoni effects generates smaller flow structures, alters the velocity magnitudes, and enhances the turbulent heat transfer across the triple-layer configuration.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, simulations are performed of the thermocapillary motion of three-dimensional and axisymmetric drops in a confined apparatus and the refined level-set grid method is used to track the interface and resolve very small deformations.
Abstract: In this paper, simulations are performed of the thermocapillary motion of three-dimensional and axisymmetric drops in a confined apparatus. The refined level-set grid method is used to track the interface and resolve very small deformations. We compare our results to theoretically predicted thermocapillary migration velocities of drops and to experimentally measured migration velocities in microgravity experiments. The motivation of the present work is to address four important questions surrounding thermocapillary migration. These are as follows. (1) What is the impact of initial conditions on both the initial transient and steady state drop behavior? (2) What is the impact of the domain geometry on drop behavior? (3) Do drops deform for intermediate Marangoni numbers and are those deformations axisymmetric? (4) Can the assumption of constant temperature fluid properties be used when simulating physical experiments? To answer the first question, we explore the parameter space of initial drop temperature distribution and drop holding time. We find that in lower Marangoni number regimes, the drop rapidly settles to a quasisteady state. For larger Marangoni numbers, the initial conditions dominate the drop behavior. To address the second and third questions, we look at the spatial distribution of tangential temperature gradients on the surface of the drop as well as drop deformations and migration velocities. The domain geometry induces nonaxisymmetric deformations and temperature distributions. The results of several axisymmetric runs with realistic physical properties are examined to answer the fourth question. It is found that the variation of material properties influences the drop migration behavior in a nontrivial way.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the thermocapillary migration of two-dimensional droplets of partially wetting liquids on a non-uniform heated substrate and derived an equation for the thickness profile of the droplet by employing lubrication approximations.
Abstract: We study the thermocapillary migration of two-dimensional droplets of partially wetting liquids on a non-uniform heated substrate. An equation for the thickness profile of the droplet is derived by employing lubrication approximations. The model includes the effect of a non-zero contact angle introduced through a disjoining― conjoining pressure term. Instead of assuming a fixed shape for the droplet, as in previous works, here we allow the droplet to change its profile with time. We identify and describe three different regimes of behaviour. For small contact angles, the droplet spreads into a long film profile with a capillary ridge near the leading edge, a behaviour that resembles the experiments on Marangoni films reported by Ludviksson & Lightfoot (Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., vol. 17, 1971, pp. 1166). For large contact angles, the droplet moves as a single entity, weakly distorted from its static shape. This regime is the usual one reported in experiments on thermocapillary migration of droplets. We also show some intriguing morphologies that appear in the transition between these two regimes. The occurrence of these three regimes and their dependence on various parameters is analysed.

43 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023212
2022421
2021289
2020283
2019217
2018247