Showing papers on "Mass action law published in 2018"

A comprehensive study on equilibrium and kinetics of morpholine extraction from aqueous stream with CA in toluene: Experimental evaluation, extraction model and parametric optimization employing desirability function

Abstract: The present study explores the equilibrium and kinetics for the reactive extraction of morpholine, an important industrial reagent from its aqueous stream using capric acid, CA (extractant) in toluene (diluent). An equilibrium model that employs the mass action law was also developed to evaluate the optimum apparent equilibrium constants (KE), stoichiometric ratio (m) and physical constant (S). Equilibrium model was valid in representing the mechanism of morpholine extraction. Moreover, for the first time the study availed the simultaneous optimization of two significant response characteristics; extraction efficiency ( % E ) and loading ratio ( Z ) using Box–Behnken design (33) employing multivariate desirability function. The statistical models predicted %E of 80.2 and Z of 0.64 for the optimum combination of process parameters as follows: CMO = 5%, CCAO = 5% and T = 303.15 K with the desirability of 0.947. Further, the intrinsic kinetics of the extraction model demonstrated that the reactions between morpholine and CA fall in regime 3 (fast chemical reaction in diffusion film), follows first order kinetics with respect to morpholine and displays exothermicity of the process as revealed from thermodynamic studies. The equilibrium and kinetic data is useful for the development, design and reliable scale-up of the extraction process.