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Mass formula
About: Mass formula is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1248 publications have been published within this topic receiving 22043 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that in the presence of non-perturbative effects many of these vacua are still consistent and that the perturbative massless sector can be computed explicitly from the perturbed mass formula subject to an extra shift in the vacuum energy, which is associated to a non-trivial antisymmetric B-field flux at the fixed points.
Abstract: We consider D=6, N=1, $Z_M$ orbifold compactifications of heterotic strings in which the usual modular invariance constraints are violated. It is argued that in the presence of non-perturbative effects many of these vacua are nevertheless consistent. The perturbative massless sector can be computed explicitly from the perturbative mass formula subject to an extra shift in the vacuum energy. This shift is associated to a non-trivial antisymmetric B-field flux at the orbifold fixed points. The non-perturbative piece is given by five-branes either moving in the bulk or stuck at the fixed points, giving rise to Coulomb phases with tensor multiplets. The heterotic duals of some Type IIB orientifolds belong to this class of orbifold models. We also discuss how to carry out this type of construction to the D=4, N=1 case and specific $Z_M\times Z_M$ examples are presented in which non-perturbative transitions changing the number of chiral generations do occur.
42 citations
TL;DR: The simplest version of the Duflo-Zuker mass model is described by following step by step the published computer code in this article, which contains six macroscopic monopole terms leading asymptotically to a Liquid Drop form, three microscopic terms supposed to mock configuration mixing (multipole) corrections to the monopole shell effects, and one term in charge of detecting deformed nuclei and calculating their masses.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derive formula of soft supersymmetry breaking scalar masses from 4-dimensional string models within a more generic framework, considering effects of extra gauge symmetry breakings including an anomalous U(1) breaking through flat directions, particle mixing effects and heavy-light mass mixing effects.
Abstract: We derive formula of soft supersymmetry breaking scalar masses from 4-dimensional string models within a more generic framework. We consider effects of extra gauge symmetry breakings including an anomalous U(1) breaking through flat directions, that is, D-term and F-term contributions, particle mixing effects and heavy-light mass mixing effects. Some phenomenological implications are discussed based on our mass formula.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model with vector mesons that are self-consistently bound states of one another is investigated, where all possible types of first-order perturbations are treated in the ladder approximation, and some second-order effects are also considered.
Abstract: A method of investigating the possible dynamic origin of symmetries among the strong interactions is illustrated by application to a model with vector mesons that are selfconsistently bound states of one another. The SU/sub 3/ model, with eight vector mesons, is concentrated upon. All possible types of first-order perturbations are treated in the ladder approximation, and some second-order effects are also considered. The results emerging from a qualitative discussion uniquely suggest the possibility (in addition to the degenerate mass solution) of a self-supporting small mass splitting structure of the type leading to the Gell-MannOkubo mass formula. Moreover, SU/sub 2/ symmetry is necessarily retained. although the differentiation between charge and hypercharge is not possible in a theory that does not include electromagnetism. (auth)
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make a preliminary study of the possibilities offered by the Skyrme-ETF method and compare it with the Expectation-value (EF) method.
41 citations