Topic
Mass screening
About: Mass screening is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34508 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1365148 citations.
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TL;DR: Despite substantial effort and investment, implementation of quality spirometry is deficient because of several hurdles and limitations, described in this Review.
348 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the effect of screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) on lung cancer mortality and found that the mortality benefit from lung cancer screening by LDCT might be far smaller than anticipated.
Abstract: Rationale: Screening for lung cancer with modern imaging technology may decrease lung cancer mortality, but encouraging results have only been obtained in uncontrolled studies. Objectives: To explore the effect of screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) on lung cancer mortality. Secondary endpoints are incidence, stage at diagnosis, and resectability. Methods: Male subjects, aged 60 to 75 years, smokers of 20 or more pack-years, were randomized to screening with LDCT or control groups.Allparticipantsunderwenta baseline,once-onlychestX-ray and sputum cytology examination. Screening-arm subjects had LDCT upon accrual to be repeated every year for 4 years, whereas controls had a yearly medical examination only. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 2,811 subjects were randomized and 2,472 were enrolled (LDCT, 1,276; control, 1,196). After a median follow-up of 33 months, lung cancer was detected in 60 (4.7%) patients receiving LDCT and 34 (2.8%) control subjects (P 5 0.016). Resectability rates were similar in both groups. More patientswithstageIdiseaseweredetectedbyLDCT(54vs.34%;P 5 0.06) and fewer cases were detected in the screening arm due to intercurrent symptoms. However, the number of advanced lung cancer cases was the same as in the control arm. Twenty patients in the LDCT group (1.6%) and 20 controls (1.7%) died of lung cancer, whereas 26 and 25 died of other causes, respectively. Conclusions: The mortality benefit from lung cancer screening by LDCT might be far smaller than anticipated.
346 citations
TL;DR: The most commonly used measure for pain screening may have only modest accuracy for identifying patients with clinically important pain in primary care.
Abstract: BACKGROUND
Universal pain screening with a 0–10 pain intensity numeric rating scale (NRS) has been widely implemented in primary care.
345 citations
TL;DR: Pathology assessment of liver explants in living-donor transplantation programs will provide more precise and reliable information regarding the value of AFP and US as HCC screening tools.
344 citations
TL;DR: A systematic review of the screening accuracy of both versions of the Geriatric Depressions Scale (GDS‐30, GDS‐15) was provided.
Abstract: Objective: The objective was to provide a systematic review of the screening accuracy of both versions of the Geriatric Depressions Scale (GDS-30, GDS-15).
Method: An electronic search was performed by using Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Psyndex and the Cochrane library. The selection and examination of papers were performed by two reviewers independently.
Results: Among the 42 papers included, important methodological aspects such as sampling methods or blinding of research workers often were not reported. For both GDS versions, similar validity indices were found (GDS-30: sensitivity 0.753, specificity 0.770; GDS-15: sensitivity 0.805, specificity 0.750). Using comparative studies based on the identical samples, both GDS versions showed significantly better validity indices than the ‘Yale-1-question’ screen, but were similar to the ‘Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale’ (CES-D).
Conclusion: The GDS does not show a better criterion validity than the CES-D, but methodological limitations of primary studies hamper the generalizability of pooled analyses.
344 citations