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Mass screening
About: Mass screening is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34508 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1365148 citations.
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TL;DR: VLCFA levels were increased in all patients homozygous for Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum's disease, and in patients with deficiencies of peroxisomal acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase, bifunctional enzyme, and 3‐oxoacyl‐coENzyme A thiolase.
Abstract: The assay of plasma very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), developed in our laboratory in 1981, has become the most widely used procedure for the diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) and other peroxisomal disorders. We present here our 17 years' experience with this assay. Three VLCFA parameters, the level of hexacosanoic acid (C26:0), the ratio of C26:0 to tetracosanoic acid (C24:0), and of C26:0 to docosanoic acid (C22:0), were measured in 1,097 males (hemizygotes) with X-ALD, 1,282 women heterozygous for this disorder, including 379 obligate heterozygotes, 797 patients with other peroxisomal disorders, and 29,600 control subjects. All X-ALD hemizygotes who had not previously received Lorenzo's oil or a diet with a high erucic acid content had increased VLCFA levels, but the application of a discriminant function based on all three measurements is required to avoid the serious consequences of a false-negative result. VLCFA levels are increased at day of birth, thus providing the potential for neonatal mass screening, are identical in the childhood and adult forms, and do not change with age. Eighty-five percent of obligate heterozygotes had abnormally high VLCFA levels, but a normal result does not exclude carrier status. VLCFA levels were increased in all patients homozygous for Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum's disease, and in patients with deficiencies of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase, bifunctional enzyme, and 3-oxoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase. In these patients the degree of VLCFA excess correlated with clinical severity.
295 citations
TL;DR: It’s time to start thinking like a man, not a boy, and stop acting like a girl.
Abstract: К ВОПРОСУ О ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКАХ КОНЦЕПТОВ МУДРОСТЬ И WISDOM В данной статье представлен сопоставительный анализ пространственных признаков концептов МУДРОСТЬ и WISDOM. В структурах обоих концептов выявленные признаки формируют группу локативных признаков. Установлено, что в русской языковой картине мира феномен мудрости ассоциируется с мифологическим, воображаемым пространством, в английской – с пространством реально существующим и обозреваемым. Адрес статьи: www.gramota.net/materials/2/2013/6-2/14.html
295 citations
TL;DR: Despite mass population screening and an incidence of EGC in Japan that is at least double that of the West, there seem to be no genuine differences in the clinicopathological features of the disease between the two regions.
Abstract: Despite mass population screening and an incidence of EGC in Japan that is at least double that of the West, there seem to be no genuine differences in the clinicopathological features of the disease between the two regions. The macroscopic appearance, size, depth of invasion, frequency of lymph node invasion, and histology of EGC are all remarkably similar in Japan, Europe and America, as are sex and age distributions. Patients with EGC are a number of years younger than those with advanced cancer. This is not surprising: Tsukuma et al followed 56 cases of EGC that were not surgically treated and estimated that the median “duration of EGC” before becoming advanced was 37 months.87 This suggests that EGC undergoes a period of slow growth before becoming advanced. Further differences between early and advanced cancers include a higher frequency of synchronous cancers and a longer symptom duration in EGC. Unfavourable prognostic factors in EGC include lymph node invasion, and invasion through the muscularis mucosae, though it is not clear whether these are independent. Repeated attempts have been made to identify other prognostic factors, but no clear pattern has emerged, with the possible exceptions of patient age, tumour size, and the presence of ulceration. The postsurgical outcome of EGC in the West is marginally less favourable than in Japan. In view of the similar clinical and pathological features in the two regions it seems likely, therefore, that this is because of the more aggressive surgical techniques traditionally used in Japan. Conversely, however, EMR has recently emerged as an important technique in Japan. Despite the advantages of low operative mortality and normal function of the postoperative stomach, there are also a number of potential disadvantages. It would seem sensible, therefore, to await the results of long term follow up studies before widespread adoption of EMR in Europe. Nevertheless, this technique should be considered for frail patients unfit for more radical surgery.
295 citations
TL;DR: An updated method for identifying physiologically implausible dietary reports by comparing reported energy intake (rEI) with predicted energy requirements (pER), and the impact of excluding these reports is examined.
Abstract: HUANG, TERRY T.-K., SUSAN B. ROBERTS, NANCY C. HOWARTH, AND MEGAN A. MCCRORY. Effect of screening out implausible energy intake reports on relationships between diet and BMI. Obes Res. 2005;13: 1205–1217. Objective: We present an updated method for identifying physiologically implausible dietary reports by comparing reported energy intake (rEI) with predicted energy requirements (pER), and we examine the impact of excluding these reports. Research Methods and Procedures: Adult data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994 to 1996 were used. pER was calculated from the dietary reference intake equations. Within-subject variations and errors in rEI [coefficient of variation (CV) 23%] over 2 days (d), pER (CV 11%), and measured total energy expenditure (mTEE; doubly labeled water, CV 8.2%) were propagated, where 1S D CV 2 rEI /d CV 2 pER CV 2 mTEE 22%. Thus, a report was identified as implausible if rEI was not within 78% to 122% of pER. Multiple cut-offs between 1 and 2 SD were tested. Results: %rEI/pER 81% in the total sample (n 6499) and progressively increased to 95% in the 1 SD sample (n 2685). The 1 to 1.4 SD samples yielded rEI-weight associations closest to the theoretical relationship (mTEE to weight). Weak or spurious diet–BMI associations were present in the total sample; 1 to 1.4 SD samples showed the strongest set of associations and provided the maximum n while maintaining biological plausibility. Discussion: Our methodology can be applied to different data sets to evaluate the impact of implausible rEIs on health outcomes. Implausible rEIs reduce the overall validity of a sample, and not excluding them may lead to inappropriate conclusions about potential dietary causes of health outcomes such as obesity.
294 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the binding and deconfinement of heavy quarks in a thermal environment, using a non-relativistic confinement potential model with color screening, were studied. And the implication of their results on resonance suppression as signal for deconfinements was considered.
Abstract: We study the binding and deconfinement of heavy quarks in a thermal environment, using a non-relativistic confinement potential model with color screening. As a result, we obtain the dependence of the dissociation energies, the binding radii and the masses of heavy quark resonances (charmonium and bottonium states) on the color screening lengthrD of the medium, and we determine for the different resonances those values ofrD below which no more binding is possible. Finally, we consider the implication of our results on resonance suppression as signal for deconfinement.
294 citations