Topic
Mass screening
About: Mass screening is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34508 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1365148 citations.
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TL;DR: This study estimates future harms and benefits of lung cancer screening and identifies a set of possible efficient lung cancer Screening policies by using 5 separately developed microsimulation models calibrated to the 2 largest randomized, controlled trials on lung cancer screenings.
Abstract: This comparative modeling study provides estimates of the benefits and harms of computed tomography screening for lung cancer in persons aged 45 through 90 years with various pack-year exposures to...
381 citations
TL;DR: The authors compared the performance of screening mammography versus magnetic resonance imaging in women at genetically high risk for breast cancer and found the former to be more accurate and efficient.
Abstract: BACKGROUND
The authors compared the performance of screening mammography versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in women at genetically high risk for breast cancer.
METHODS
The authors conducted an international prospective study of screening mammography and MRI in asymptomatic, genetically high-risk women age ≥ 25 years. Women with a history of breast cancer were eligible for a contralateral screening if they had been diagnosed within 5 years or a bilateral screening if they had been diagnosed > 5 years previously. All examinations (MRI, mammography, and clinical breast examination [CBE]) were performed within 90 days of each other.
RESULTS
In total, 390 eligible women were enrolled by 13 sites, and 367 women completed all study examinations. Imaging evaluations recommended 38 biopsies, and 27 biopsies were performed, resulting in 4 cancers diagnosed for an overall 1.1% cancer yield (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.3–2.8%). MRI detected all four cancers, whereas mammography detected one cancer. The diagnostic yield of mammography was 0.3% (95%CI, 0.01–1.5%). The yield of cancer by MRI alone was 0.8% (95%CI, − 0.3–2.0%). The biopsy recommendation rates for MRI and mammography were 8.5% (95%CI, 5.8–11.8%) and 2.2% (95%CI, 0.1–4.3%).
CONCLUSIONS
Screening MRI in high-risk women was capable of detecting mammographically and clinically occult breast cancer. Screening MRI resulted in 22 of 367 of women (6%) who had negative mammogram and negative CBE examinations undergoing biopsy, resulting in 3 additional cancers detected. MRI also resulted in 19 (5%) false-positive outcomes, which resulted in benign biopsies. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
381 citations
TL;DR: The cultural adaptation into Spanish of the 7-item self-administered GAD-7 scale, which is used to identify probable patients with GAD, was carried out and the validity of its content and the relevance and adequacy of items in the Spanish cultural context were confirmed.
Abstract: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition which is underestimated worldwide. This study carried out the cultural adaptation into Spanish of the 7-item self-administered GAD-7 scale, which is used to identify probable patients with GAD. The adaptation was performed by an expert panel using a conceptual equivalence process, including forward and backward translations in duplicate. Content validity was assessed by interrater agreement. Criteria validity was explored using ROC curve analysis, and sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and negative value for different cut-off values were determined. Concurrent validity was also explored using the HAM-A, HADS, and WHO-DAS-II scales. The study sample consisted of 212 subjects (106 patients with GAD) with a mean age of 50.38 years (SD = 16.76). Average completion time was 2'30''. No items of the scale were left blank. Floor and ceiling effects were negligible. No patients with GAD had to be assisted to fill in the questionnaire. The scale was shown to be one-dimensional through factor analysis (explained variance = 72%). A cut-off point of 10 showed adequate values of sensitivity (86.8%) and specificity (93.4%), with AUC being statistically significant [AUC = 0.957-0.985); p 0.001). Elderly people, particularly those very old, may need some help to complete the scale. After the cultural adaptation process, a Spanish version of the GAD-7 scale was obtained. The validity of its content and the relevance and adequacy of items in the Spanish cultural context were confirmed.
380 citations
TL;DR: Foreign birthplace may explain some disparities previously attributed to race or ethnicity, and is an important barrier to cancer screening, even after adjustment for other factors.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Racial/ethnic groups comprised largely of foreign-born individuals have lower rates of cancer screening than white Americans. Little is known about whether these disparities are related primarily to their race/ethnicity or birthplace.
380 citations
TL;DR: A 56-year-old woman presents to her physician, requesting screening for ovarian cancer, after the recent death of a friend from ovarian cancer at the age of 65 years, and the physical examination is normal.
Abstract: A 56-year-old woman presents to her physician, requesting screening for ovarian cancer. She reports the recent death of a friend from ovarian cancer at the age of 65 years. The patient has no family history of ovarian or breast cancer. The physical examination, including pelvic and rectal examination, is normal. Should the physician recommend screening for ovarian cancer?
380 citations