Showing papers on "Matching (statistics) published in 1975"
TL;DR: Responding to responding conformed to the requirements for maximizing, which are further shown to be consistent with the conception of reinforcement implicit in the matching law governing relative responding in concurrent interval schedules.
Abstract: Pigeons on concurrent variable-ratio variable-ratio schedules usually, though not always, maximize reinforcements per response. When the ratios are equal, maximization implies no particular distribution of responses to the two alternatives. When the ratios are unequal, maximization calls for exclusive preference for the smaller ratio. Responding conformed to these requirements for maximizing, which are further shown to be consistent with the conception of reinforcement implicit in the matching law governing relative responding in concurrent interval schedules.
317 citations
TL;DR: Pigeons had no greater difficulty learning a complex discrimination involving arbitrary among stimuli (symbolic matching) than one involving interrelations based on stimulus similarity (matching-to-sample); the relative rates of acquisitions of matching and symblic matching may be accounted for by the discriminability between sample stimuli and between comparison stimuli.
Abstract: Pigeons had no greater difficulty learning a complex discrimination involving arbitrary among stimuli (symbolic matching) than one involving interrelations based on stimulus similarity (matching-to-sample). The relative rates of acquisitions of matching and symblic matching may be accounted for by the discriminability between sample stimuli and between comparison stimuli, with the former playing the more important role.
197 citations
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel method to obtain a very high accuracy in the bit weighting required for bipolar monolithic digital-to-analog (D/A) converters is described.
Abstract: A novel way to obtain a very high accuracy in the bit weighting required for bipolar monolithic digital-to-analog (D/A) converters is described. The new method combines passive division using matched elements with a time division concept, needs no trimming, and is insensitive to element aging. A 12-bit monolithic D/A network with internal reference sources, built as a test circuit, demonstrates the versatility of this new technique.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an extension of the preferred state theory is proposed to deal with matching functions produced by such techniques as magnitude and category estimation. But it is assumed by this theory that all stimulus attributes are transformed into perceptual states according to the operation of mathematical base systems.
Abstract: SummaryThis paper describes an extension of Preferred State Theory (Baird, 1975) to deal with matching functions produced by such techniques as magnitude and category estimation. It is assumed by this theory that all stimulus attributes are transformed into perceptual states according to the operation of mathematical base systems. Intensities are matched across attributes in terms of the number of preferred states generated by each. The theory provides quantitative explanations for a variety of psychophysical effects, including the prothetic-metathetic distinction, the selective applicability of Fechner's and Stevens' laws, and the success of transitivity tests among exponents.
44 citations
TL;DR: The problems of so doing have been thoroughly dealt with for the situation of the factor of interest being a two-level factor and with one or more matched controls per patient and extended to the situation where the factor can assume multiple levels.
Abstract: It is now well established in case-control studies with individual matching that the statistical analysis must take the fact of individual matching into account. The problems of so doing have been thoroughly dealt with for the situation of the factor of interest being a two-level factor (all-or-none response) and with one or more matched controls per patient. These results are extended in this paper to the situation where the factor can assume multiple levels in studies where each patient is matched with a single control.
43 citations
TL;DR: A framework for systematic organizational development including a model for matching interventions with problem causes is developed, using concepts from social systems theory and medical science, which is based on the work of.
Abstract: A framework for systematic organizational development including a model for matching interventions with problem causes is developed, using concepts from social systems theory and medical science pa...
42 citations
TL;DR: The evidence strengthens the conclusion that cross-modal matching can readily be obtained in rhesus monkeys and could be of practical value for studying the effects of various treatments.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the statistical independence of artificial time history (ATH) and propose a time history method for the nuclear power industry, which can be generated either by suppressing or amplifying locally the spectra of the time history, or by an iteration method in generating the artifical time history.
Abstract: This paper deals with the time history method. THe nuclear power industry is using an artifice of artificial time history with response spectra closely matching the design sesponse spectra as input. This artifice can be generated either by suppressing or amplifying locally the spectra of a time history, or by an iteration method in generating the artifical time history. This paper intentions is to define the statistical independence of artifical time history.
20 citations
TL;DR: A linear programming model for multiple-use planning is presented and indicated that on this planning unit, there is a wide range of production alternatives which will not affect other management activities.
Abstract: Multiple-use planning is useful in matching forest production possibilities and social desires A linear programming model for multiple-use planning is presented Planning is approached as a set of
18 citations
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide the practical information on the matching of variables sampling plans to those in the existing attributes stand-out attributes, as a sequel to the historical and theoretical approach of Part I.
Abstract: The paper, as a sequel to the historical and theoretical approach of Part I, provides the practical information on the matching of variables sampling plans to those in the existing attributes stand...
TL;DR: This article found that modest differences in the structure of jobs are not systematically related to job satisfaction and that there is no interaction between these workers' orientations and the nature of their jobs which influences satisfaction within this range of jobs.
Abstract: Some recent job redesign efforts in the United States, introduced to counter worker dissatisfaction and low productivity, represent a shift from more traditional but still prevalent models of worker–employer relations. This paper presents data from a study of blue-collar and white-collar semi-skilled American workers which challenge two basic assumptions of these newer efforts: (a) that small changes in job design (here conceptualized as ‘destructuring’ work roles) are sufficient to affect worker satisfaction; and (b) that matching employees' work orientations (here, their ‘tolerance for structure’) with the nature of their jobs (its degree of ‘structure’) will improve worker satisfaction. The concepts ‘structure’ and ‘tolerance for structure’ are discussed in operational terms. Our findings indicate that modest differences in the structure of jobs are not systematically related to job satisfaction and that there is no interaction between these workers' orientations and the nature of their jobs which influences satisfaction within this range of jobs.
TL;DR: This article attempts to provide a systematic approach to involving parents in programs by assuming that staff should adopt a positive developmental view of children and their families, and parents should be involved at the decision making level.
Abstract: Family involvement has been recognized as a critical component of any educational program-from a legal, ethical, and educational point of view. Lawyers have focused on the legal aspects of family involvement. Teachers have tried to work with parents toward implementing educational goals. Social workers, guidance counselors, and psychologists have been preoccupied with socialemotional problems and/or different communication styles that interfere with parentchild relationships. However, little thought has been given to a systematic approach to this involvement. This article attempts to provide such an approach to involving parents in programs. The basic assumptions reflected in the model include the following: (a) staff should adopt a positive developmental view of children and their families, (b) parents should be involved at the decision making level, (c) parents should have access to viable alternatives when they involve themselves, and (d) staff working with parents should view their role as consultative. Although the approach of this presentation is to concentrate on the parts of the system, the underlying assumption is that all of these parts are important only as they relate to the whole. The basic purpose is to \"get the system working reasonably well, not perfectly\" (Hobbs, 1975, p.114).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended Breakwell and Perko's first-order matching theory to a more general matching theory which is applicable to a wider class of second species solutions.
Abstract: This paper extends Breakwell and Perko's ‘first order’ matching theory (1965, 1966) to a more general matching theory which is applicable to a wider class of second species solutions In a first stage, the matching theory is elaborated on the basis of new assumptions on the orders of magnitude of the small parameters In a second stage, we construct a matching theory which takes into account general assumptions which include our assumptions and Breakwell-Perko's
TL;DR: A method is described herein for discovering the optimal correspondence of a pair of code sequences under generalized quality measures and the limits of both this algorithm and that of Needleman and Wunsch are presented.
Abstract: A method is described herein for discovering the optimal correspondence of a pair of code sequences under generalized quality measures. The limits of both this algorithm and that of Needleman and Wunsch are presented.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The paper, as a sequel to the historical and theoretical approach of Part I, provides the practical information on the matching of variables sampling plans to those in the existing attributes standard.
Abstract: The paper, as a sequel to the historical and theoretical approach of Part I, provides the practical information on the matching of variables sampling plans to those in the existing attributes standard. Of the many possible types of matching possible, tw..
TL;DR: There are several changes influencing the NIRMP, and the number of graduates from foreign medical colleges has been increasing rapidly since 1970 and now represents 21 percent of the applicants.
Abstract: In summary, there are several changes influencing the NIRMP. The changes noted are: (a) the number of graduates from foreign medical colleges has been increasing rapidly since 1970 and now represents 21 percent of the applicants; (b) the proportion of U.S. medical school graduates in the program has decreased to a low of 84 percent; (c) there is a better balance of numbers between the positions available and matched in 1975.
TL;DR: In this paper, an indirect state-feedback technique for matching a controllable multicontroller system to a given model is presented, where the multicontrollers are transformed to its Asseo phase-variable canonical form prior to the application of the statefeedback control.
Abstract: An indirect state-feedback technique for matching a controllable multicontroller system to a given model is presented. By this technique the multicontroller system is transformed to its Asseo phase-variable canonical form prior to the application of the state-feedback control. The cases where the system under control and the model are equidimensional or not are considered, and a solution to the model-matching problem by using output feedback is provided. The theory is illustrated by three examples.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Garvill, J., and Molander, B. as mentioned in this paper studied the intermodal and cross-modal matching of farm was studied and found that information processing in cross modal matching is useful.
Abstract: Garvill, J., and Molander, B. A note on information processing in cross-modal matching. Umea Psychological Re-.ports No. 95, 1975. - Intra-modal and cross-modal matching of farm was studied. The hy ...
01 Jan 1975
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The short-term memory for visual stimuli was tested in chimpanzees, 7 females and 10 males, and a statistically significant superiority of females in matching accuracy was exhibited over an extended period of time and under at least two different retention intervals.
Abstract: The short-term memory for visual stimuli was tested in 17 chimpanzees, 7 females and 10 males, with the delayed matching-to-sample technique. A statistically significant superiority of females in matching accuracy was exhibited over an extended period of time and under at least two different retention intervals. The results were consistent with those obtained with rhesus monkeys on similar tasks. The possibility that this difference was attributable to factors other than experience was suggested.
Patent•
13 Oct 1975
TL;DR: In this article, both original picture and collated picture are converted into electrical signal and then are magnified on the picture monitor to perform weight matching, which is carried out in terms of constant quantity.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Both original picture and collated picture are converted into electrical signal and then are magnified on the picture monitor to perform weight matching. Thus, collating judgement is carried out in terms of constant quantity. In such a way, high-accuracy automatic collating judgement can be performed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1977,JPO&Japio
TL;DR: The Matching Familiar Figures Test and the Hidden Figures Test are two popular cognitive style measures developed to assess the major cognitive style dimensions introduced by Kagan and Witkin respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Matching Familiar Figures Test and the Hidden Figures Test are two popular cognitive style measures developed to assess the major cognitive style dimensions introduced by Kagan and Witkin respectively. The former was developed to measure \"reflectionimpulsivity\" and the latter was developed as a group test for \"field dependence-independence.\" Both have conceptual roots in distinction betwiaen analytical and global functioning. A recent article by Block, Block, and Harrington (1974) discussed weaknesses in Kagan's conceptualization, including the slight and inconsistent relationships observed between Kagan's measures of analytic style and reflectian-impulsiviry. They concluded that the temporal dimension was relatively inconsequential compared to accuracy. Support for further exp!oration of the psychological basis for performance on matching familiar figures may be found in Wallach's (1962) suggestion that cognitive styles will be better understood if future studies assess several cognlt,ve style measures which may be partially related. It is also desirable to determine if f~ndlngs with matching familiar figures by adults parallel those for children, since few published studies have tested adults (e.g., Wolf, et al., 1972; Yando & Kagan, 1970). The present study is part of a larger on-going investigation of adults' cognitive abilities. Ss were 8 6 adult males (M,,. = 37.1, SD = 7.3) who were enrolled in a certified Life Underwriters Program of the American College of Life Underwriters. All Ss were given the adult forms of the two tests individually as part of a battery of cognitivelearning instruments. Following Kagan's procedure, the 33 Ss with error scores below the median (8.3, range: 0 to 27) and mean responses times (RTs) above the median (40.4 sec., range: 11 to 180 sec.) were labeled \"reflective\" and the 30 Ss with error scores above the median and mean RTs below the median were labeled \"impulsive.\" The mean hidden figures score for reflectives was 11.5 (SD = 6 6 ) ; for impulsives it was 9.8 (SD = 6.0). Analyses were computed using data only from these 63 Ss. A comparison of reflectives and impulsives on hidden figures scores yielded a t = 1.09. The expected negative correlation ( r = -.53, p < .05) was observed between errors and mean RTs on the matching test. The correlation between hidden figures scores and ert on in matching was significant, albeit small ( r = .25, p < .05), while there was no correlation with mean RT on matching (r = .04). These findings suggest that the two tasks are assessing different processes. The rate of responding, or conceptual tempo dimension which Kagan has discussed, seems less important to solution of hidden figures than problem-solv~ng strategies that may lead to errors in both tasks.
Patent•
10 Dec 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the authors made clear the controur of position matching mark by securing stage difference of 500W2500 Å for the merk, which was the smallest stage difference in history.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To make clear the controur of position matching mark by securing stage difference of 500W2500 Å for the merk. COPYRIGHT: (C)1977,JPO&Japio
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss some of the important issues of using case-by-case matching and present a study done on the Air Cushion Restraint System (ACRS) data using the case by case matching technique.
Abstract: Case-by-case matching is a technique for analyzing field accident data. The technique involves matching an accident with a group of other accidents on the basis of similar vehicle and occupant factors. The injury severity of the occupant is then compared to the injury severities of the matched occupants. This paper will discuss some of the important issues of using case-by-case matching. The following are some of the topics which will be addresses: 1) Criteria for the collection of accidents. 2) Choice of vehcile and occupant factors for matching. 3) Importance of matching all accidents. 4) Matching process. 5) Method of analyzing the matched data. The paper concludes by presenting a study done on the Air Cushion Restraint System (ACRS) data using the case-by-case matching technique. /HSRI/