Showing papers on "Material flow published in 1985"

Method and apparatus for determining the material flow rate of conveying mechanisms

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the material flow rate of bulk material, transported by belt conveyers or the like, by continuously determining the contour of the free surface of the bulk material, at right angles to the direction of transport, via continuous non-contact distant measurement using transmitter-receiver mechanisms coupled with a computer, and by computing the cross section of the bulk material. A precise and reliable measurement of the height of bulk material on the conveyer belt is achieved by using, as the transmitter-receiver mechanisms, respective laser distance-measuring devices which emit and receive a reflecting laser beam. These devices preferably operate pursuant to the pulse transit time measuring principle. The laser distance-measuring devices are accommodated in a housing.

Finite-element analysis of plastic deformation of porous materials

Abstract: The finite-element method for the deformation analysis of porous materials is developed here. The yield function, associated flow rules and their finite-element discretization are formulated. These formulations are implemented into a rigid-viscoplastic finite-element program. The program was tested by simulating the compression of a cylinder with an initial relative density of 0.999 and by comparing the solution with that for a solid cylinder. Then the analysis was performed for ring compression and forging for a material of initial relative density of 0.800. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that it becomes possible to study detailed material flow during large deformations in the area of powder metallurgy where the effect of temperature gradient is not significant.

Investigations on Cold Die Forging of a Gear Utilizing Divided Flow : 1st Report, Examination of applicable condition for a spur gear

Abstract: This investigation intends to obtain the basic data for applying a newly proposed process utilizing a divided flow to actual gear-toothed machine part. In this first report, a two step forging method is used for the working of a spur gear and the possibility of cold precision die forging for the gear is examined experimentally, when a preliminary closed die forging is combined with the process utilizing the divided flow. In this experiment, the process has been successful in the complete filling up of materials into a die cavity under a low working pressure and is found applicable to various initial thicknesses of materials. Suitable restriction of a centripetal material flow, is found more effective for decreasing the working pressure and saving the material.

Remanufacturing of Products — Technologies and Appropriate Product Design

Abstract: In the material flow of technical products, characterized in the classical case by the three stages of industrial production, commercial or private use and disposal, the three following recycling loops respective to these three phases are known, Figure 1 /1/.

Material Flow Components for Automated Flexible Manufacturing

Abstract: In the material flow sector, there is a great potential for rationalization which should be taken advantage of. In this report, modular elements for automated material flow in manufacturing — particularly in flexible manufacturing cells and systems — are presented and explained in the form of concepts for systems. The technical design and the implementation of these material flow components are illustrated on the basis of flexible manufacturing systems already built or in the planning stage.

Descriptor variable analysis of a network model of a food processing and distribution sector

Abstract: ALINET, a network modeling system, is used as a tool for analyzing energy use in wheat production and processing in a Yugoslav enterprise. The basic structure of the model is that of a material flow network where nodes represent the specific state of the material at that stage and links represent the processes that the material is undergoing. The descriptor variable approach has been used for determining the steady state flow of commodities through the system when decentralized decisions are taken into account. It is shown that supply and demand functions can be determined at the subsystem level, thus decomposing the problem of solving for the equilibrium.

Method of producing contours on material surfaces

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing contours, for example raster figures, on metallic or non-metallic material samples such as metal sheets, foils, plastic materials etc., in order to determine the degree of deformation or the material flow in materials to be cold-formed in forming and material testing technology. The object is to develop a simple method of producing contours on material surfaces which can be carried out substantially more rapidly, more cheaply and more realistically than the solutions hitherto known. For this purpose, the relevant markings are to be produced on a carrier material and these are to be marked as a unit on the material surface. According to the invention, a lacquer film provided with suitable contours, shapes, measuring grids or figures by printing is applied to the cleaned material surface. For this purpose, the lacquer film is produced in the form of a technical transfer image.

A Problem in Material Flow in a Distribution Centre

Abstract: This paper describes a problem in material handling encountered in an automobile processing and distribution centre in which standard material handling techniques could not be applied. The system is unique in that the facility needed water, rail and road access and that the plant was physically split into two separate parts by a highway. The objective of the investigation was to find a method of measuring the effect that a change in highway design would have on the productivity of the material handling system of transporting cars between the two sites. The solution to the problem involved both mathematical techniques (queueing theory) and psychology (critical decision making). Similar results were obtained for both the mathematical model and a simulation model of the system. Both models can be extended to similar types of situations in other production facilities.

Universal transport processes

Abstract: The paper concentrates to so called material flow systems, i.e. queuing systems oriented for transport of “material”, which can be substance, energy, information etc. The characteristics of the material flow systems is presented and the principles of their simulation by means of SIMULA are described. Though the material flow systems have been discovered in agriculture, they have rich interpretations in industry, transport and in information processing networks. SIMULA offers an especially suitable insight into the whole class of those systems.