Showing papers on "Material flow published in 1994"

Method of manufacturing printed circuits

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing supported conductive networks which can be flexible or rigid, having densely packed circuits. The process and apparatus for making the conductive network involves forming a conductive material supported on a "dynamic pressure cushion" into a non-planar pattern defining the desired conductive circuits in relation to a fixed reference plane. The "dynamic pressure cushion" is a material having suitable viscosity and flow characteristics to flow out from under the conductive material as it is being formed and fill up any voids. To ensure that the "dynamic pressure cushion" properly flows without deforming the desired circuits, the die used to form the conductive material is provided with a material flow control grid and material expansion troughs. After forming the unwanted material is then mechanically removed in dimensional relation to the reference plane leaving the desired conductive circuits.

In-flow coriolis effect mass flowmeter

Abstract: A mass flowmeter is disclosed having a flow tube inserted within the confines of a conduit containing a material flow. Mass flow information is derived for the material flow within the conduit by generating mass flow information for the material flowing within the smaller flow tube positioned within the conduit and then by adjusting the calculations for the flow tube to represent mass flow information for the conduit. In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, a pressurized cover is positioned around the flow tube to isolate the exterior surface of the flow tube from the material in the conduit. The space between the exterior of the flow tube and the cover is pressurized to a pressure equal to that of the material in the conduit. Both sides of the flow tube walls are at the same pressure so that a flow tube comprised of thinner and more flexible material may be used. In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, the cover is not used and the flow tube is inserted directly into the conduit and the exterior walls of the flow tube are in contact with the material within the conduit. This embodiment is advantageous in applications in which the conduit material is of low viscosity. The embodiment with the pressurized cover is ideally suited for use in applications with heavy viscosity material.

Establishing a Framework for Effective Materials Logistics Management

Abstract: The “Law of Industrial Dynamics” is a well‐known phenomenon which leads to significant swings in demand as orders are passed down along a supply chain. Large fluctuations in demand result for the manufacturer leading to policies which counteract the objectives of materials logistics management which are to reduce inventories while maintaining strategic stocks, improve product quality, minimize the total cost of operations and procurement, ensure service levels to customers and minimize variance in material flow. A number of strategies have been advocated and applied which may be summarized as integrating the supply chain and adopting lean manufacturing techniques. Such strategies encompass three main factors, classified as technological (which may include adopting electronic data interchange), organizational (such as moving towards focused plants) and attitudinal (such as the adoption of Partnership Sourcing as a strategy). This paper provides a framework in which systems dynamics modeling, analysis and simulation aids in the decision making process to establish how best to achieve the materials logistics management objectives. Firstly, during the modeling and analysis phase, the supply chain champion is provided with insight as to the effectiveness of the current supply chain design to damp down order fluctuations. Secondly, on the basis of continuous improvement, simulation then allows him to re‐engineer the supply chain by asking “what if?” questions and assessing the relative benefits of various strategies against the financial and attitudinal costs of implementation.

Apparatus for depositing a material on a substrate and an applicator head therefor

Abstract: Apparatus for dispensing a material, such as by meltblowing, wherein the apparatus provides a flow of air in a first direction and a flow of material in a second direction at an angle with respect to the first direction, and wherein the air flow contacts the material flow and propels the material in a direction substantially parallel to the first direction of the air flow for deposition on a desired substrate.

Chevron device limiting mill discharge in a fluid bed system

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing the particle size of material subjected to the impact of the hammers of a material reducing hammer mill in which oversize material impacted by the mill hammer is prevented from getting into the stream of properly sized material by being thrown against a flow impeding member which makes such material difficult to pass a material sizing fan having spinner blades that can not effectively intercept particles that are hard, improperly reduced, and require reduction. Material flow impeding angular passages which offer resistance to flow of material that is hard and/or oversized are located to intercept the oversized material and return such material to the material reducing hammer mill for further size reduction before it is able to get into the product stream.

Particle separation mechanisms in flow of granular material

Abstract: This work examines particle separation mechanisms as factors that influence dust generation due to the flow of granular materials. A model was developed to predict particle separation forces that requires knowledge of some process variables and of some material properties. In granular flow conditions, the biggest separation forces occur during material impact. Therefore, a test method and apparatus were developed to determine the impact of falling material on a pile as an indicator of the separation forces created. Five factors that influence impaction forces of falling granular material were investigated: drop height, material flow, material moisture content, material size distribution, and material type. Drop height was varied between 0.25 and 1.25 m, whereas material flow was varied between 0.1 kg/s and 0.6 kg/s. The moisture content of the parent material was varied between 0 and 1.2% for all materials except lactose for which moisture content was varied between 1 and 6%. The size distributio...

Procedure for determining material flow rate

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for determining material flow velocity by the cross-correlation method, wherein the travelling time (td) of the flow on a known sensor interval (d) between microwave sensors is determined as delay indicated by the maximum of the cross-correlation function of the variations in microwave signals varying along with the flow and the flow velocity (V) is calculated by the formula V = d/td. The invention further concerns an apparatus for implementing the procedure, comprising members for conducting microwave signals through the flowing material, members for determining the amplitude or phase modulation caused by the flow in the signals, members for determining the travelling time (td) as delay indicated by the maximum of the cross-correlation function of the modulations detected between paths, and members for calculating the flow velocity by formula (4).

A modular framework for the design of material flow systems

Abstract: In this paper we propose a framework for the management of the complexity involved in building material flow system models. The object-orientated paradigm is applied as a tool to break down the material flow system model, as well as the design environment, into modules. The designer is provided with a generic material flow system model from which to start with the design process. The model is built, evaluated and improved using a collection of software applications that have been developed to address partial problems in the material flow system design process. The organization of design data and design tools into logical units clearly establishes precedence between software and data. This feature opens up possibilities for computer-assisted design tool sequencing.

Packing element for methods of exchange or conversion of materials designed as a heat-transfer element

Abstract: A heat-transfer element forms a packing element for material exchange or material conversion processes. The packing element has a plurality of parallel layers which extend in a main direction (15) of material flow and are formed by bodies (1) with hollow spaces (17) for a heat-transfer medium. Each of the heat-transfer bodies (1) has a pair of shells (1a, 1b) made from a foil-like material. The side surfaces of the shells are wave-shaped such that wave crests (141) are inclined with respect to the main direction (15) and that open flow channels crossing each other are provided between adjacent layers in mutual contact. The relief-like profiling of the shells (1a, 1b) provides a distribution and a collection channel system (121, 121') for the heat-transfer medium in addition to the heat-transfer channels (17). On the inner side of the shell pair a plurality of connection points may be made along the flow channels to form a connection which can withstand the excess pressure of the heat-transfer medium. The material of the shells ( 1a, 1b) is preferably a metal alloy and the profiling is made by pressing.

An integrated framework for the design of material flow systems

Abstract: Material flow is a significant factor in the design of manufacturing systems. The designer of a material flow system is faced not only with the specification of individual system components but also with the overall objective of the manufacturing system. The association between components and the interaction of the material flow system with the manufacturing system are the basis by which its performance is judged. A material flow system design may be optimal in itself, but if the design cannot be integrated into the overall manufacturing system, it may have a negative impact on the manufacturing system performance. Therefore, the designer is expected to analyse the role of each component as a part of the total system and consider its influence on the overall system performance.

A model of a discrete stochastic medium for the problems of loose material flow

Abstract: A kinematic scheme of deformation and flow of loose materials based on the model of a discrete stochastic medium is put forward. The scheme is constructed as applied to the problems of gravitational discharge of loose materials from silos, bunkers etc. and may also be used in the problems of the motion of a support wall and the introduction of solids into a loose medium. A modification of the scheme enables us to account for the effect of loosening (decrease in density) of material at discharge. The algorithms are implemented on an IBM PC using Turbo-Pascal tools. The process of flow is modelled directly on the display monitor.

Material flow distributor

Abstract: The material distributor to pass raw material to one or more processing stations, such as raw ground cement to two mills, has two facing flaps (14,15) next to each other in the housing (10). Their upper ends are linked at the housing, to have independent swing movements.

Selecting and sequencing design tools in developing material flow system models

Abstract: The design of material flow systems is a multifaceted problem. The designer is required to process large amounts of information and make complex decisions concerning the design objectives. A design framework for building material flow system models has been developed by the authors to take key steps towards the management of design complexity. This paper addresses the issue of selecting and sequencing software tools for building material flow system models within a design environment that contains a variable set of design tools. Strategies for performing these tasks as well as their implementation are discussed.

Taconite pellet separator

Abstract: A particle separation apparatus having an adjustable tilted vibratory conveyor, an adjustable material flow control guide, and an adjustable material flow splitter. A heterogenous mixture of taconite pellets and other material is fed to the vibratory conveyor. The different particles flow across the surface of the vibratory conveyor in different paths or trajectories according to the different coefficients of friction and angles of rest inherent in the particles. The different flow paths are split such that one stream of material is chiefly taconite pellets and the other path is made mostly of non-taconite pellet material.

Injection molding method

Abstract: PURPOSE: To facilitate the molding of a multilayered article by ejecting separate polymer materials individually by a multi-material co-ejection nozzle device to supply them to respective cavities CONSTITUTION: A first polymer molten material is prepared in a flow passage 500 and prevented from passing through an orifice 502 to flow in a central passage 540 to allow a second molten flow of a separate material to flow in the central passage 540 During a period when the inflow of the first material to the orifice 502 is prevented, pressure is allowed to act on the second material in the flow passage 500 to make the pressure of the second material higher than the pressure of the central passage of the part surrounding the orifice of the first material flow at all of points surrounding the orifice 502 and the acting pressure is equalized over the whole periphery of an annular orifice The pressurized first material is allowed to flow in the central passage 540 through the orifice By this constitution, many kinds of molten flows are separately ejected and used in common by one ejection nozzle to easily mold a multilayered article

Reachability in material flow path design

Abstract: The material flow path layout design is one of the most important variables in designing carrier-based material handling systems. The guide path layout design process includes the selection of lanes among candidate aisle spaces and determination of the flow directions of lanes.

Rotation-flow air-flow pulverization method

Abstract: The invention provides a whirl airflow pulverizing method, in particular it is applicable for manufacturing pulverizing machinery. The key of said invention is to use a driving device to produce a transverse high-speed rotating airflow in the pulverizing cavity to make material implement a rotating acceleration to form a columnal material whirling flow, and in the material column some sub-whirls of material flow are formed, and between the adjacent sub-whirls and between the sub-whril and material whirling flow the material particles can be mutually-collided so as to attain the goal of self-pulverization. So the high-purity ultra-fine pulverizing processing of material can be obtained. The invented pulverizer is simple in structure, and can be used in the industries of chemical, metallurigcial engineering, mining, building material, medicine, light industry and food, etc..

Inflow Coriolis effect mass flowmeter

Abstract: (57) Abstract: mass flowmeter comprising an inserted flow tube in a conduit which accommodates the flow of material is disclosed. To generate mass flow rate information about the material flowing through the small flow pipe provided in a conduit, then by adjusting the calculations for the flow tube, to represent the mass flow rate information about the conduit, in the conduit mass flow rate information regarding the material flow is induced. According to a first embodiment of the present invention, pressurized cover is provided around the flow tube, thereby isolating the outer surface of the flow tube from material in the conduit. Space between the outer surface and the cover of the flow tube is pressurized to a pressure equal to the pressure of the material in the conduit. Both side walls of the flow tube is the same pressure, thus, can be used which is composed of a material having a thinner and more flexible flow tube. According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the cover is not used, the flow tube is inserted directly into the conduit, the outer wall of the flow tube is in contact with the material in the conduit. This embodiment, material of the conduit is effective in applications having a low viscosity. Example with pressurized cover is ideally suited for use in applications having a substance having high viscosity.

Process and device for dividing a bulk material flow into several partial flows

Abstract: A process and device for dividing a bulk material flow into several partial flows are characterized in that a chute (6) has a slope that is steeper than the steepest foreseeable natural angle of repose of the bulk materials. Filling openings (21) for partial flow reservoirs located below the chute are arranged in the latter. The filling openings of the reservoirs are arranged in such a way that any feedback to upstream reservoirs is excluded, taking into account the material flow behaviour.

Material back-conveying device

Abstract: The utility model discloses a non mechanical pneumatic material back-conveying device used for conveying granular material from a low pressure area to a high pressure area, comprising a material feeding section, a root part air controlling nozzle which comprises an air box and a flow controlling section and a back material air distribution air tube which comprises an air box, a flow controlling section and a material discharging opening. Material back-conveying air and flow controlling are can be separated. Thus, coking and blocking phenomena can be prevented. Moreover, the material flow can be accurately and sensitively controlled. The utility model has the advantages of large flow regulation range, reliable operation and convenient operation.

Limiting condition of plastic material in a plane converging channel

Abstract: The importance of the problem of plastic material flow through a converging channel is due to the extensive use of this method for deformation in many production processes (metal forming, discharge of loose materials from bunkers, etc) In the last ten years this problem has come the attention of researchers This attention is justified by new test data [I, 2] clearly showing the asymmetry of these flows Flow asymmetry is due to localization of deformation, ie formation of isolated slip lines which break down the deformable region into individual blocks sliding over each other This fact has placed in doubt the universality of theoretical solutions based on the hypothesis of radial (symmetrical) flow of material particles In many recent works (eg [3, 4]) a study has been made of features of the block structure of material and engineering methods axe suggested for working out the problem where there is use of some ideas about the size of blocks which is one of the main factors in obtaining a numerical result It is natural that since the relationships of solid material theory do not contain a dimension of length in 'pure' form the sizes of blocks should be determined by material properties and the geometry of the problem, in particular by the sizes of the inlet and outlet holes of the converging channel From this point of view it is interesting to construct an asymmetrical solution of the problem of limiting equilibrium for plastic material in a converging channel under the action of an applied load (Fig 1) The solution is constructed on the basis of limiting analysis theory, ie, theorems about the upper estimate of limiting load P [5] The material described by the model is an ideally incompressible rigidly-plastic body (the St Venant-Mises model) In the prescribed kinematically acceptable field of velocities v(k) the limiting load is determined from the equilibrium equation in integral form