Topic
Material flow
About: Material flow is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3050 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36844 citations. The topic is also known as: material stream.
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TL;DR: An effective and modular model to describe material, financial and information flow of SCs at the operational level based on first-order hybrid Petri nets (PNs), i.e., PNs that make use of first- order fluid approximation is proposed.
Abstract: A supply chain (SC) is a network of independent manufacturing and logistics companies that perform the critical functions in the order fulfillment process. This paper proposes an effective and modular model to describe material, financial and information flow of SCs at the operational level based on first-order hybrid Petri nets (PNs), i.e., PNs that make use of first-order fluid approximation. The proposed formalism enables the SC designer to choose suitable production rates of facilities in order to optimize the chosen objective function. The optimal mode of operation is performed based on the state knowledge of the obtained linear discrete-time, time-varying state variable model in order to react to unpredictable events such as the blocking of a supply or an accident in a transportation facility. A case study is modeled in the proposed framework and is simulated under three different closed-loop control strategies.
54 citations
29 Dec 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the tool tilt angle on the generated heat and the material flow in the work pieces joint by friction stir welding was investigated, and a two-stage speed-up strategy was adopted to simulate the FSW problem.
Abstract: This work studies the effect of the tool tilt angle on the generated heat and the material flow in the work pieces joint by Friction Stir Welding (FSW). An apropos kinematic framework together with a two-stage speed-up strategy is adopted to simulate the FSW problem. The effect of tilt angle on the FSWelds is modeled through the contact condition by modifying an enhanced friction model. A rotated friction shear stress is proposed, the angle of rotation depending on the process parameters and the tilt angle. The proposed rotation angle is calibrated by the experimental data provided for a tilt angle 2.5°. The differences of generated heat and material flow for the cases of tool with tilt angle of 0° and 2.5° are discussed. It is concluded that due to the higher temperature, softer material and greater frictional force in the trailing side of the tool, the material flow in the rear side of the FSW tool with the title angle is considerably enhanced, which assists to prevent the generation of defect.
54 citations
28 May 2003
TL;DR: Theoretical models for heating, evaporation, material flow, and stress and strain generation accompanying CO sub 2 laser damage mitigation and surface treatment of fused silica are developed to aid understanding of scaling with process parameters.
Abstract: Theoretical models for heating, evaporation, material flow, and stress and strain generation accompanying CO{sub 2} laser damage mitigation and surface treatment of fused silica are developed to aid understanding of scaling with process parameters. We find that lateral nonlinear heat transport is an important cooling mechanism, more significant than evaporative cooling. Scaling laws relating experiments with different set of parameters are presented. Transverse conduction, together with the increased thermal conductivity at high temperatures, allows a gentle evaporation regime at low laser intensity in which the rate can be controlled via laser fluence. For higher laser intensity, recoil momentum imparted by rapid evaporation generates pressure, which can lead to transverse flow of the melted material. Only a very thin layer can flow because viscosity increases rapidly with depth. Evaporation and flow are subject to instabilities that can impact surface quality, especially surface flatness, if large areas are processed. Also material flow can heal cracks and improve material quality. Analysis of stress indicates that maximal tensile stresses of order 0.1 GPa, comparable to the tensile strength, can be generated.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the material history of Australia in the period 1975-2005, and identify the drivers of this change through structural decomposition analysis, including the level of exports, export mix, industrial structure, affluence, and population.
Abstract: Summary This article presents an analysis of the material history of Australia in the period 1975–2005 The values of economy-wide indicators of material flow roughly trebled since 1975, and we identify the drivers of this change through structural decomposition analysis The purpose of this work is to delve beneath the top-level trends in material flow growth to investigate the structural changes in the economy that have been driving this growth The major positive drivers of this change were the level of exports, export mix, industrial structure, affluence, and population Only improvements in material intensity offered retardation of growth in material flow Other structural components had only small effects at the aggregate level At a more detailed level, however, the importance of the mineral sectors became apparent Improvements in mining techniques have reduced material requirements, but increased consumption within the economy and increased exports have offset these reductions The full roll out of material flow accounting through Australian society and business and a systematic response to its implications will require change in the national growth focus of the last two generations, with serious consideration needed to reverse the current volume-focused growth of the economy and also to recast neoliberal and globalized trade policies that have dominated the globe for the past decades
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the probe route and the material flow around the keyhole during weld termination were tracked and used to determine the probe position just prior to weld termination, which enables analysis of in-situ microstructure distribution and the nature of material flow during friction stir welding.
53 citations