Showing papers on "Maximum power point tracking published in 2022"

Design and development of extract maximum power from single-double diode PV model for different environmental condition using BAT optimization algorithm

Abstract: To minimize real-time errors in a Photovoltaic (PV) system performances must be forecasted through precise simulation design before continuing into a practical application. However, due to the scarcity of data in datasheets and the inherent transcendental connections are between PV current and PV voltage, to determining the Single Diode Model (SDM) parameters becomes a more challenging problems. This paper offers a simulated study of a SDM and Double Diode Model (DDM) solar PV system under various irradiation represents, and the performance was developed by incorporating an optimization-based Maximum Power Point (MPP) tracking techniques. According to the present simulation presented in this article, a mathematical model for a SDM/DDM as well as optimization methodologies has been estimated MATLAB platform. The present MPP circuit model designed and compared with BAT optimization algorithms. The nonlinear relationship between Voltage (V) - Current (I) and Voltage (V) –Power (W) acknowledged as characteristic curves for different temperature (∘c) and irradiance (W/m2) values are verified in numerical simulation results. MPP tracking power and efficiency are examined for maximum power (Pmax) to test the optimization based system. The simulation results show that the BAT optimization model was achieved the highest tracking efficiency better than other heuristic algorithms.

A Power Adaptive Control Strategy for Further Extending the Operation Range of Single-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel PV Inverter

Abstract: With the characteristics of module-level maximum power point tracking, module-level monitoring, and panel shut- off , single-phase cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter has outstanding advantages applied to household photovoltaic (PV) power generation occasion. However, unbalanced output powers among PV panels is an inherent problem of single-phase CHB PV inverter, which will make the H-bridges (HBs) with higher powers overmodulation, resulting in deteriorated grid current and even system instability. Aiming at this issue, this article proposes a power adaptive control strategy, which divides system operation into three modes, and calculates modulation waveforms by using different methods in different modes. By flexibly adjusting the transmission power of HBs in different modes, all the HBs are able to avoid overmodulation, and single-phase CHB PV grid-connected inverter can still operate normally even if the maximum powers among PV panels are seriously unbalanced. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experimental results.

PMSG based WECS: Control techniques, MPPT methods and control strategies for standalone battery integrated system

Abstract: The growing power demand in day-to-day life paves way for more renewable energy-based resources in our life. Wind energy is one other most reliable energy in India and is expeditiously increasing in the recent years. Amidst the various wind turbines available for wind power extraction, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) has many advantages owing to its attractive concept. The past research on this machine have analysed the various techniques used for extracting utmost power from the available wind energy. This review paper analyses the best control techniques that are available for controlling the PMSG, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods both stereotyped as well as smart techniques and charging control techniques in both balanced along with unbalanced load conditions for a standalone PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS).

Whale Optimization Algorithm for PV Based Water Pumping System Driven by BLDC Motor Using Sliding Mode Controller

Abstract: Water pumping system (WPS) plays a key role in human civilization, including agriculture, drinking, and industrial usage. To decrease the load demand on grid and provide electrical supply to WPS in rural areas, a locally placed standalone photovoltaic (PV)-based WPS is one of the best feasible solutions. Among many motors, brushless direct current motors (BLDCs) are attractive for WPS due to many advantages. However, integrating batteries to WPS will increase the cost and required maintenance, which will not be affordable for farmers. Hence, PV-fed BLDC motor-based WPS without battery is considered and implemented sensorless speed controller with sliding mode controller (SMC) in this article. Generally, power generated by PV systems will be affected by partial shading condition (PSC) and unable to produce maximum availability power due to failure of the conventional perturbed and observe (P&O) algorithm. In order to overcome this condition, a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been integrated to the conventional P&O algorithm in this article. A hybrid whale optimization–P&O (WOPO) algorithm can effectively work to extract the maximum possible power from PV during both PSC and normal condition. The results are compared with genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and gray wolf optimization (GWO) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under PSC. In order to reduce the cost of system, the inverter is also working as an MPPT device for the PV system by integrating the WOPO algorithm with SMC of inverter. Hence, an extra dc–dc converter will not be required for MPPT. Extensive results are presented with OPAL-RT to validate the proposed system under both steady-state and transient conditions. In addition to this, dSPACE-based hardware results are also presented in this article to validate the proposed system.

Implementation of Solar PV- Battery and Diesel Generator Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Abstract: Abstract- A solar PV (Photovoltaic) array, a battery energy storage (BES), a diesel generator (DG) set, and grid-based energy storage are all discussed in this study.The EV charging station (CS) is used to offer the constant supply of electricity.Charging modes include islanded, grid connected, and DG set connected.The charging station is primarily intended for solar power.To charge the electric vehicle, a solar PV array and a BES are used.(Electric vehicle) battery However, if the storage battery is depleted and charging station, solar PV array generation not available smartly utilises grid or DG power (Diesel Generator) set. However, the DG set's power is extracted in such a way that to ensure maximum fuel efficiency, always operate at 80-85% loading efficiency in any loading situation. Furthermore, without using a mechanical speed regulator, the charging station manages the generator voltage and frequency in conjunction with the storage battery. Even during nonlinear loads, it assures that the power drawn from the grid or the DG set is at unity power factor (UPF). Furthermore, to provide continuous charging, the PCC (Point of Common Coupling) voltage is synchronised to the grid/generator voltage. For increased charging station operational efficiency, the charging station also performs vehicle to grid active/reactive power transfer, vehicle to house, and vehicle to vehicle power transfer. The charging station's operation is experimentally tested using a prototype created in the lab. EV Charging Station, Solar PV Generation, Power Quality, DG Set are all index terms.

Energy Management System and Enhancement of Power Quality with Grid Integrated Micro-Grid using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Abstract: A modern hybrid model is introduced, which is a combination of PV, Wind turbine, converter components to improve Microgrid (MG) operation, to improve system dependability, effective efficiency, which are fundamental qualities. In view of renewable energy Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is frequently applied to improve PV efficiency in which randomness, flexibility of solar energy because of changes in temperature. To achieve MPPT P&O rule, Incremental conductance (IC) methods are implemented in this manuscript. The design, execution of EMS with Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for AC/DC microgrid is implemented. Apart from designing of EMS the power quality of MG is improved. It proposes analysis, control of storage devices. The FLC improves battery life and also will achieve desirable SoC. An FLC based EMS grid integrated MG is adopted, to mitigate power quality issues under nonlinear, unbalanced load conditions. The proposed model is executed by adopting MATLAB/SIMULINK

An Optimal Frequency-Modulated Hybrid MPPT Algorithm for the LLC Resonant Converter in PV Power Applications

Abstract: The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an essential function of the PV power system to achieve the maximum PV power utilization. Traditionally, the MPPT can be realized by a duty cycle modulated dc–dc converter. However, if the LLC resonant converter is considered for the PV power system, the frequency-modulated MPPT algorithm should be adopted. Several strategies such as the frequency-based perturbation and observation (P&O) method and the center point iteration (CPI) method were proposed for the LLC resonant converter. However, with the conventional P&O method, there will be a tradeoff between the tracking speed and the oscillation phenomenon. Besides, the CPI method is unable to maintain the maximum power output under varying environmental conditions. In view of this, an optimal frequency-modulated hybrid MPPT algorithm is proposed in this article. First, the proposed frequency-modulated impedance-matching (FMIM) method is developed to track an optimal operation point under present environmental conditions. Then, the P&O concept will be utilized to ensure maximum power harvesting from the PV array. On the other hand, the operation point calculated via the FMIM is very close to the real MPP. Therefore, the perturbation amount of the P&O method can be minimized to avoid the oscillation around the maximum power point. Operational principles and thorough mathematical derivations are also developed. Finally, both simulation results and hardware verifications obtained from a 500-W prototype circuit demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed MPPT.

Analysis of Single-Diode PV Model and Optimized MPPT Model for Different Environmental Conditions

Abstract: The performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems must be predicted through accurate simulation designs before proceeding to a real-time application to avoid errors. However, predicting the cohesive relationship between current and voltage and estimating the parameters of a single diode model become a perplexing task due to insufficient data in the datasheet of PV panels. This research work presents single-diode solar PV system simulation analysis under different conditions, and the performance is improved by introducing an optimization-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy. Before simulation, a mathematical model for a single diode and optimization approaches are presented in this research work. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), BAT optimization, and grey wolf optimization (GWO) model-based MPPT circuits are designed, and the performances are comparatively analyzed. The simulation results identify the nonlinear relationship between current and voltage and between power and voltage as characteristic curves for different temperature and irradiance values. For maximum power (Pmax), the maximum peak point tracking power and efficiency are analyzed to verify the optimization-based MPPT system. The simulation results demonstrate that the GWO model obtains a maximum tracking efficiency (TE) of 98%, which is much better than that of other optimization techniques.

A Power Adaptive Control Strategy for Further Extending the Operation Range of Single-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel PV Inverter

Abstract: With the characteristics of module-level maximum power point tracking, module-level monitoring, and panel shut- off , single-phase cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter has outstanding advantages applied to household photovoltaic (PV) power generation occasion. However, unbalanced output powers among PV panels is an inherent problem of single-phase CHB PV inverter, which will make the H-bridges (HBs) with higher powers overmodulation, resulting in deteriorated grid current and even system instability. Aiming at this issue, this article proposes a power adaptive control strategy, which divides system operation into three modes, and calculates modulation waveforms by using different methods in different modes. By flexibly adjusting the transmission power of HBs in different modes, all the HBs are able to avoid overmodulation, and single-phase CHB PV grid-connected inverter can still operate normally even if the maximum powers among PV panels are seriously unbalanced. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experimental results.

Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA)-Based MPPT Technique for Solar PV Systems under Partial Shading Conditions

Abstract: To satisfy global electrical energy requirements, photovoltaic (PV) energy is a promising source that can be obtained from the available alternative sources, but partial shading conditions (PSCs), which trap the local maxima power point instead of the global maxima peak power point (GMPP), are a major problem that needs to be addressed in PV systems to achieve the uninterruptable continuous power supply desired by consumers. To avoid these difficulties, a marine predator algorithm (MPA), which is a bio-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm, is applied in this work. The work is validated and executed using MATLAB/Simulink software along with hardware experimentation. The superiority of the proposed MPA method is validated using four different PSCs on the PV system, and their characteristics are compared to those of existing algorithms. The four different PSC outcomes in terms of GMPP are case 1 at 0.07 s 995.0 Watts; case 2 at 0.06 s 674.5 Watts; case 3 at 0.04 s 654.1 Watts; and case 4 at 0.04 s 364.2 Watts. The software- and hardware-validated results of the proposed MPA method show its supremacy in terms of convergence time, efficiency, accuracy, and extracted power.

A novel hybrid GWO–PSO-based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems operating under partial shading conditions

Abstract: Abstract One of the major challenges in photovoltaic (PV) systems is extracting the maximum power from the PV array, especially when they operate under partial shading conditions (PSCs). To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on grey wolf optimization and particle swarm optimization (GWO–PSO) techniques. The developed MPPT technique not only avoids the common disadvantages of conventional MPPT techniques (such as perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance) but also provides a simple and robust MPPT scheme to effectively handle partial shading in PV systems, since it requires only two control parameters, and its convergence to the global maximum power point (GMPP) is independent of the search process's initial conditions. The feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid GWO–PSO-based MPPT method are verified via a co-simulation technique that combines MATLAB/SIMULINK and PSIM software environments, while comparing its performance against GWO, PSO and P&O based MPPT methods. The simulation results carried out under dynamic environmental conditions have shown the satisfactory effectiveness of the hybrid MPPT method in terms of tracking accuracy, convergence speed to GMPP and efficiency, compared to other methods.

Improvement of PMSG-Based Wind Energy Conversion System Using Developed Sliding Mode Control

Abstract: In recent years, regulating a wind energy conversion system (WECS) under fluctuating wind speed and enhancing the quality of the electricity provided to the grid has become a hard challenge for many academics. The current research provides a better control strategy to decrease the occurrence of chattering phenomena. Combined with the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) strategy and a pitch angle control, the control is possible to increase the performance and the efficiency of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion System. This study attempts initially to regulate the generator and the grid side converter to track the wind speed reference established by the MPPT algorithm. And secondly, to relieve the chattering problem associated with the conventional sliding mode control (CSMC), the proposed sliding mode control (PSMC) is based on a novel smooth continuous switching control. Besides, the suggested sliding mode control stability is confirmed using Lyapunov’s stability function. The complete system was evaluated in the MATLAB/Simulink (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) environment using a 2 MW PMSG’s power, under random fluctuations in the wind speed to show the suggested approach’s efficiency and robustness, which was then compared to the CSMC and other common approaches available in the literature. The simulation results reveal that the recommended sliding mode control approach delivers good speed, accuracy, stability, and output current’s ripple.

Power-Rating Balance Control and Reliability Enhancement in Mismatched Photovoltaic Differential Power Processing Systems

Abstract: With the increase of the component number, the power stress distribution among differential power processing (DPP) converters, control implementation, system cost, and reliability become the most challenging issues for a practical photovoltaic (PV) DPP system. This article introduces an improved power-rating balance (IPRB) control for the PV-to-bus based DPP architecture that ensures each PV submodule operate at its true maximum power point (MPP) while achieving more balanced power stress distribution and higher reliability. Specifically, a submodule-level finite-state-machine-based MPP tracking is implemented to guarantee always maximum power yield, whereas a string-level power-rating balancing (PRB) control is adopted to balance the unit-maximum proceeded power by DPP converters based on the built power flow model with respect to the string current. A comprehensive comparison of advanced control strategies for PV-to-bus DPP architectures, including least power point tracking, voltage equalization (VE) based PRB control, and the proposed IPRB, has been carried out with the mission-profile-based reliability assessment under different partial shading scenarios. Component-failure-rate-based reliability analysis shows that the PV-to-bus DPP architecture with the proposed IPRB control can significantly improve the system reliability. Main simulation and experimental evaluations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control.