Mediation

About: Mediation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19971 publications have been published within this topic receiving 255003 citations.

Markets, Bureaucracies, and Clans.

Abstract: Evaluating organizations according to an efficiency criterion would make it possible to predict the form organizations will take under certain conditions. Organization theory has not developed such a criterion because it has lacked a conceptual scheme capable of describing organizational efficiency in sufficiently microsopic terms. The transactions cost approach provides such a framework because it allows us to identify the conditions which give rise to the costs of mediating exchanges between individuals: goal incongruence and performance ambiguity. Different combinations of these causes distinguish three basic mechanisms of mediation or control: markets, which are efficient when performance ambiguity is low and goal incongruence is high; bureaucracies, which are efficient when both goal incongruence and performance ambiguity are moderately high; and clans, which are efficient when goal incongruence is low and performance ambiguity is high.

Required Sample Size to Detect the Mediated Effect

Abstract: Mediation models are widely used, and there are many tests of the mediated effect. One of the most common questions that researchers have when planning mediation studies is, "How many subjects do I need to achieve adequate power when testing for mediation?" This article presents the necessary sample sizes for six of the most common and the most recommended tests of mediation for various combinations of parameters, to provide a guide for researchers when designing studies or applying for grants.

The art and science of negotiation

Abstract: Prologue Part I: Overview 1. Some Organizing Questions 2. Research Perspectives Part II: Two Parties, One Issue 3. Elmtree House 4. Analytical Models and Empirical Results 5. Settling Out of Court 6. The Role of Time 7. Acquisitions and Mergers 8. Third-Party Intervention 9. Advice for Negotiators Part III: Two Parties, Many Issues 10. AMPO versus City 11. Tradeoffs and Concessions 12. The Panama Canal Negotiations 13. Risk Sharing and Insecure Contracts 14. The Camp David Negotiations 15. Mediation of Conflicts 16. Arbitration of Disputes Part IV: Many Parties, Many Issues 17. Coalition Analysis 18. The Law of the Sea 19. Fair Division 20. Willingness to Pay for a Public Good 21. Environmental Conflict Resolution 22. The Mariner Space Probes 23. Voting Part V: General Concerns 24. Getting People to Communicate 25. Ethical and Moral Issues Epilogue Bibliography Index

A general approach to causal mediation analysis.

Abstract: Traditionally in the social sciences, causal mediation analysis has been formulated, understood, and implemented within the framework of linear structural equation models. We argue and demonstrate that this is problematic for 3 reasons: the lack of a general definition of causal mediation effects independent of a particular statistical model, the inability to specify the key identification assumption, and the difficulty of extending the framework to nonlinear models. In this article, we propose an alternative approach that overcomes these limitations. Our approach is general because it offers the definition, identification, estimation, and sensitivity analysis of causal mediation effects without reference to any specific statistical model. Further, our approach explicitly links these 4 elements closely together within a single framework. As a result, the proposed framework can accommodate linear and nonlinear relationships, parametric and nonparametric models, continuous and discrete mediators, and various types of outcome variables. The general definition and identification result also allow us to develop sensitivity analysis in the context of commonly used models, which enables applied researchers to formally assess the robustness of their empirical conclusions to violations of the key assumption. We illustrate our approach by applying it to the Job Search Intervention Study. We also offer easy-to-use software that implements all our proposed methods.

Mediators, Moderators, and Tests for Mediation.

Abstract: : The following points are developed. First, mediation relations are generally thought of in causal terms. Influences of an antecedent are transmitted to a consequence through an intervening mediator. Second, mediation relations may assume a number of functional forms, including nonadditive, nonlinear, and nonrecursive forms. Special attention is given to nonadditive forms, or moderated mediation, where it is shown that while mediation and moderation are distinguishable processes, a particular variable may be both a mediator and a moderator within a single set of functional relations. Third, current procedures for testing mediation relations in industrial and organizational psychology need to be updated because these procedures often involve a dubious interplay between exploratory (correlational) statistical tests and causal inference. It is suggested that no middle ground exists between exploratory and confirmatory (causal) analysis, and that attempts to explain how mediation processes occur require well-specified causal models. Given such models, confirmatory analytic techniques furnish the more informative tests of mediation. (Author)