Showing papers on "Medicinal plants published in 1995"

Phytochemistry of medicinal plants

Abstract: Immunostimulants and Adaptogens from Plants H.K.M. Wagner. Natural Product Cancer Chemopreventive Agents J.M. Pezzuto. Antiviral and Antitumor Plant Metabolites J.A. Beutler, et al. Biological Diversity of Medicinal Plants in Mexico R. Bye, et al. Bioactive Natural Products from Traditionally Used Mexican Plants R. Pereda-Miranda. Bioassayguided Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Pharmacologically Active Plant Substances A.J. Vlietinck, et al. Biologically Active Compounds from Chilean Medicinal Plants H.M. Niemeyer. Phytochemicals Ingested in Traditional Diets and Medicines as Modulators of Energy Metabolism T. Johns, L. Chapman. Applications of Liquid Chromatographymass Spectrometry to the Investigation of Medicinal Plants J.L. Wolfender, K. Hostettmann. Root Culture as a Source of Secondary Metabolites of Economic Importance V.M. Loyola-Vargas, M. de Lourdes Miranda-Ham. Annonaceous Acetogenins: Potent Mitochondrial Inhibitors with Diverse Applications Z.M. Gu, et al. Neoclerodane Diterpenoids from American Salvia Species L. Rodriguez-Hahn, et al. Sesquiterpene Lactones Revisited: Recent Developments in the Assessment of Biological Activities and Structure Relationship R.J. Marles, et al. Index.

Phytochemistry of plants used in traditional medicine

Abstract: 1. Shaman as a scientist: indigenous knowledge systems in pharmacological research and conservation 2. Strategy in the search for new biologically active plant constituents 3. New biologically active metabolites from plants used in Papua New Guinea and Bolivia 4. Pursuit of new leads to antitumour and anti-HIV agents from plants 5. Phytochemistry of some plants used in traditional medicine for treatment of protozoal diseases 6. Activity structure studies of natural products with anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects 7. Search for noncarcinogenic sweeteners from medicinal plants 9. Bioactive Polymers from higher plants 10. Acetogenins from annonaceae 11. Structure and biological activity of sesquiterpene and diterpene derivatives from medicinal plants 12. Structural studies on new compounds from medicinal plants of Pakistan, Jordan, Sri Lanka and Turkey 13. Bioactive compounds from plants and higher fungi of Ethiopia 14. The chemistry and bioactivities of some natural products from Chinese herbs 15. Pharmacological investigation of Indonesian medicinal plants 16. Panamanian flora: source of bioactive compounds

Vibriocidal activities of some local herbs.

Abstract: Four of the seven tested medicinal plants exhibited antimicrobial activity against Vibrio cholerae. These 7 plants are: Ficus capensis, Mitragyna stipulosa, Entada africana, Piliostigma reticulatum, Terminalia avicennoides, Mimosa pudica, and Lannea acida. Of them Terminalia avicennoides showed higher antimocrobial activity than others. Potentials of these herbs in the control of cholera need to be determined.

Amoebicidal compounds from medicinal plants.

Abstract: A series of the natural constituents with amoebicidal activity isolated from several medicinal plants is shown. A list of the medicinal plants potentially active as amoebicide and/or against dysentery also is demonstrated. The present data grouping of the natural compounds and medicinal plants can be an important source of information for the selection of research plant material by the investigators interested in the discovery of new biologically active compounds as amoebicide.

Inhibitory Effects of Herbal Medicines on Hyaluronidase Activity

Abstract: 【Inhibitory effects of 130 medicinal plants on hyaluronidase activity were analyzed. The medicinal plants are clinically used as herbal medicines for korean traditional prescriptions. Six out of the 130 herbal medicines exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on hyaluronidase activity by their total methanol extracts with 5mg/ml as a final concentration. The active total methanol extracts were prepared from cortex of Acantbopanax gracilistylus, lignum of Caesalpinia sappan, radix of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, radicis cortex of Morus alba, herba of Prunella vulgaris, and radix of Sanguisorba officinalis. These active total methanol extracts were sequentially fractionated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and then water. Among the solvent-fractionated extracts, the butanol fractions of Acantbopanax gracilistylus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis with 1 mg/ml as the final concentration exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on hyaluronidase activity, and the other fractions with the same concentration did less than 20% of inhibition.】

Pharmacological screening of natural products for their antihypertensive action

Abstract: This research work concerns with the pharmacological screening of herbal extract for their antihypertensive action as well as the bioassay-directed fractionation of some medicinal plants, this is also resulted in the isolation of active principle from indigenous medicinal plants.Hypertension (elevated blood pressure) is one of the most common disease of modern times The drugs so far available are not only beyond the reach of a common man, but also have serious side effects, lacking curative properties thus limiting their therapeutic use. It is alarming that 12 million lives lost annually due to various cardio-vascular troubles mainly hypertension. Many medicinal plants are used in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of hypertension which require further detailed pharmacological investigation. However little systematic scientific studies with particular reference to antihypertensive activity has been undertaken on these plants. Pakistan is very rich in herbal wealth and research on these indigenous medicinal plants by the modern phyto-pharmacological methods may result in the discovery of better antihypertensive drugs.During phyto-pharamacological investigation extraction, activity-guided fractionation, isolation, identification and structure characterization of active principle were carried out. The antihypertensive effect of the extracts fractions and active principles from medicinal plant have been investigatated in vive by a direct method (cannulation) on anaesthetized rats. Isolated tissue preparation such as guinea-pig atria, rabbit aorta, guinea-pig ileum were used for the expression of mechanism of antihypertensive action Preliminary pharmacological screening for antihypertensive activity was performed on 30 plant species, most of them may have proved as therapeutic agents, but only few species selected for in vitro experiments for mechanism of action and bioassay-directed fractionation and isolation of pharmacologically active compounds.Encouraging results were obtained on pharmacological screening of antihypertensive study of different medicinal plants. On the whole thirty plants were selected for preliminary screening and on the basis of ED50 value, thereafter ten plants were selected for detail study. Out of ten plants carum copticum, castanospermum australe, Lavendula stoechas and Sesamum indicum showed cholinergic activity beside other pharmacological manifestations. There after remaining five plants Capparis cartilaginea, Cuscuta reflexa, Moringa oleifera, Ocimum basilicum and Pegnum harmala demonstrated non-specific or general spasmolytic action, and one plant extract i.e. Cassia absus was found centrally acting/ganglion blocking action During this research work, some compounds were isolated with different antihypertensive mechanism of action, which include cholinergic, antinicotinic, ganglion blocking and Ca++-channel blocking activities. Out of these clinically important class of antihypertensive drugs are the Ca++-channel blockers. Now a days Ca++-channel blockers have been considered as an important cardio-vascular drug, but in this study these were concluded as antihypertensive drug Consequently, it can be concluded that the verapamil and natural products produce a similar antihypertensive like mechanism of action and that verapmil is more effective than natural products in producing antihypertensive response.Verapmil is well known for selective cardio-depressant action, whereas natural products are less effective/selective how can it be pround from you erepiament? Cardio-depressant action, in other words natural products are less cardio-toxic/or rather having cardio-protective effect as compare to verapamil. As the toxicity of natural products were not subjectively studied due to short supply of samples. Therefore, considering the edible nature of the plants, these natural products may be of worth for further detailed toxicological and clinical explorations.It is suggested that further studies should be under taken to find out whether the isolated natural products will have pharmaceutical important and useful in hypertension

[Garlic--a "secret miracle of God"?]

Abstract: Garlic belongs to the oldest traditional medicinal plants. It has already been mentioned 1500 A. D. in an ancient egyptian medical script, the Papyrus Ebers. In modern times antitumoral and antiarteriosclerotic effects are attributed to garlic-derived drugs. These effects could be demonstrated in vitro and appear to be supported by epidemiologic studies. Production of commercial products and pharmacologic studies, however, are rendered more difficult by chemical instability and low bioavailability of the active drugs. Clinical studies on effects and case reports about side effects of garlic consumption are summarized in this paper.

Phenolics in root cultures of medicinal plants

Abstract: Publisher Summary The major classes of useful compounds produced in the medicinal plants are—for example, alkaloids, saponins, lipids, phenolics, and so on. With the recent development of analytical methods, the chemical structures of phenolics, especially polyphenols such as tannins, whose chemistry has remained unsolved for a long time, have gradually been elucidated and tannins have been proved to possess several new important medicinal activities. Particularly, the importance of tannins as virustatic pharmaceuticals is continuously increasing. Many approaches for the production of useful secondary metabolites by plant tissue cultures (cell and organ cultures) have been developed and have led, in several plants, to the production of the objective chemicals in large amounts (with higher contents compared to those of the intact plants). Most of these were alkaloids and terpenoids. Concerning the production of polyphenols by tissue culture methods, sufficient research has not been done except for some examples using cell suspension cultures.

Chapter Twelve NEO-CLERODANE DITERPENOIDS FROM AMERICAN SAL VIA SPECIES

Abstract: Interest in finding biodegradable products possessing a defined biological activity, such as bactericidal, fungicidal, antitumoral, antiviral or pesticidal, has been a driving force in the study of the secondary metabolites of plants, fungi, marine organisms, and others. Phytochemical studies often make use of accumulated ethnobotanical knowledge, particularly in regard to uses of the plants in traditional medicine. I Knowledge of the secondary metabolites responsible for biological activity and of chemotaxonomic relationships within specific groups being studied is helpful in finding new sources of potentially economically important products or compounds which can be transformed into active principles.2 The search for plants which contain secondary metabolites with pesticidal properties is important as they provide biodegradable and renewable resources which are potentially able to replace the more harmful synthetic ones currently being employed. The Labiatae is a widespread and diversified family of plants with circa 4000 species distributed throughout the world.3 Labiatae have been used as medicinal plants since ancient times. For example, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Bunge)

Tumbuhan sebagai sumber zat aktif antimalaria

Abstract: Malaria is a common disease caused by infection of Plasmodium spp. Based on retrievals in library reference it has been discovered that a number of chemical compounds, isolated from fruit-bearing plants, contain anti-protozoic active substances. These compounds are, among others, found in chemical structures of alkaloide, terpene, quinone, and phenolic. Research on traditional medicinal plants is required to investigate their potential for antimalarial drug. Study on the chemical structure of the bioactive compounds produced by plants is also important to obtain new drugs which may be more useful.