Showing papers on "Medicinal plants published in 2002"
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TL;DR: 45 plants and their products that have been mentioned/used in the Indian traditional system of medicine and have shown experimental or clinical anti-diabetic activity are reviewed.
1,641 citations
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TL;DR: Five of the Brazilian medicinal plants screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts presented compounds with Rf values similar to the antibacterial compounds visible on bioautogram, which may mean that the same compounds are responsible for the antib bacterial activity in these plants.
Abstract: Extracts of 13 Brazilian medicinal plants were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts. Of these, 10 plant extracts showed varied levels of antibacterial activity. Piper regnellii presented a good activity against Staphylococus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, a moderate activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a weak activity against Escherichia coli. Punica granatum showed good activity on S. aureus and was inactive against the other standard strains. Eugenia uniflora presented moderate activity on both S. aureus and E. coli. Psidium guajava,Tanacetum vulgare, Arctium lappa, Mikania glomerata, Sambucus canadensis, Plantago major and Erythrina speciosa presented some degree of antibacterial activity. Spilanthes acmella, Lippia alba, and Achillea millefolium were considered inactive. Five of the plant extracts presented compounds with Rf values similar to the antibacterial compounds visible on bioautogram. Of these, three plants belong to the Asteraceae family. This may mean that the same compounds are responsible for the antibacterial activity in these plants. Anticandidal activity was detected in nine plant extracts (P. guajava, E. uniflora, P. granatum, A. lappa, T. vulgare, M. glomerata, L. alba, P. regnellii, and P. major). The results might explain the ethnobotanical use of the studied species for the treatment of various infectious diseases.
839 citations
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TL;DR: The antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts of 16 Siberian medicinal plants was tested against five species of microorganisms: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans.
231 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The results show that FRAP method is sensitive in the measurement of total antioxidant power of fresh biological fluids, such as plant homogenates and pharmacological plant products.
Abstract: Medicinal plants have a lot of type antioxidants, mostly polyphenols, flavonoids which exhibit high antioxidant activity (Rice-Evans et al. 1995). The intake of antioxidants present in food is an important health-protecting factor. Herbal compounds known by ancient medicine are of growing interest in the domain of prevention of diseases. The FRAP assay (ferric reducing ability of plasma), a simple test of the total antioxidant power have been chosen to assess the presumable effects of some kind of tea and medicinal plant. The aim of our work was to get answer for the question: is this method applicable for investigation of fresh plant samples and herbs? FRAP assay depends upon the ferric tripyridyltriazine (Fe(III)-TPTZ) complex to the ferrous tripyridyltriazine (Fe(II)-TPTZ) by a reductant at low pH. Fe(II)-TPTZ has an intensive blue colour and can be monitored at 593 nm. (Benzie and Strain 1996). Several species of medicinal plants were involved in our investigations: from Labiatae family Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis, Satureja hortensis and Majoranna hortensis. Our results show that FRAP method is sensitive in the measurement of total antioxidant power of fresh biological fluids, such as plant homogenates and pharmacological plant products. Antioxidant activity of our samples were confirmed with in vitro model system. Acta Biol Szeged 46(3-4):125-127 (2002)
224 citations
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TL;DR: As part of a screening program for biologically active compounds in plants, twenty two medicinal plants were extracted and screened for anti-oxidant activity using the 2, 2,diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical.
Abstract: As part of a screening program for biologically active compounds in plants, twenty two medicinal plants were extracted and screened for anti-oxidant activity using the 2, 2,diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical.
141 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The present review shows a listing of medicinal plan ts used in phytotherapy of diabetes and those experimentally studied as hypoglycaemic in Morocco and the toxicological studies carried out with plants reported to be toxic.
Abstract: The present review shows a listing of medicinal plan ts used in phytotherapy of diabetes and those experimentally studied as hypoglycaemic in Morocco. The review is presented as 3 tables. The first one includes the taxonomic classification of the plant, the popular names in Morocco, the parts used, the mode of preparation and the other medicinal uses and toxicity. The second table summarises the experiments done by Moroccan researchers to confirm the hypoglycemic activity of the medicinal plants. It also describes the methodology used, and the magnitude of the hypoglycemic activity. The third table lists the toxicological studies carried out with plants reported to be toxic. The large number of plants described in this review (94 species be longing to 38 families) demonstrated the prevalence of phytotherapy in Morocco. The plant families which contained the most commonly used species for their antidiabetic effects are: Compositae (18 species), Lamiaceae (14 sp.), Leguminosae (8 sp.), Liliaceae (5 sp.), Apiaceae (5 sp.), and Graminae (4 sp.). Among these medicinal plants, 17 are toxic, the most known being: Daphne gnidium, Nerium oleander, Ferula communis, Peganum harmala and Citrullus colocynthis.
136 citations
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TL;DR: The antioxidant content of the aqueous extracts was substantial, ranging from 27 to 972 micromol Trolox equivalent per gram dry weight, and an extract of the leaves of the plant Ilex paraguensis contained the highest amount of antioxidant.
132 citations
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TL;DR: Based on this evaluation, plants with strong activities should be further investigated phytochemically and pharmacologically to identify active fractions and compounds.
113 citations
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TL;DR: This review deals with the chemistry, purification procedures, structure elucidation methods and biological activity of triterpenoidic sapogenins and saponins, the most widely studied secondary metabolites from Astragalus.
Abstract: Astragalus L. is the largest genus in the family Leguminosae (subfamily Papilionideae, tribe Galegeae). Widely distributed throughout the temperate region of the world, is principally located in Europe, Asia and North America, but also on mountains in Africa and South America. They are annual and perennial herbs or small shrubs. Astragalus species are divided in two main groups: the medicinal plants and the poisonous species. “Astragali radix” (dried roots of A. Membranaceous Bunge and other Astragalus spp.) represents a very old and well knowndrug in traditional Chinese medicine. They are officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and prescribed mainly as an antiperspirant, a diuretic and a tonic, but also for their hepatoprotective, antioxidative, immunostimulant and antiviral properties. The other most common use of Astragalus is as forage for liverstock and wild animals; however a number of species are toxic for cattle and in many cases this toxicity could be transferred to humans through meat and milk. From a chemical point of view the biologically active principles of Astragalus species consist of saponins, polysaccharides and phenolics, while the toxiccompounds include imidazoline alkaloids, nitro toxins and selenium derivatives. This review deals with the chemistry, purification procedures, structure elucidation methods and biological activity of triterpenoidic sapogenins and saponins, the most widely studied secondary metabolites from Astragalus . However the other important metabolites, such as phenolics, polysaccharides, alkaloids, nitro compounds and seleniferous derivatives, have been considered and a brief summary of their important biological properties has also been included.
67 citations
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TL;DR: An overview of the characteristics of regulation and quality control of herbal medicines in Korea is presented.
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01 Apr 2002
TL;DR: Techno-economical Considerations for Cultivation of MAP in India loss of genetic diversity, particularly related to potential medicinal species has taken place; more so in the Worlds’ tropical rain forests and its conservation aspect has, of late, captured the attention of herbal scientists and experts.
Abstract: India (8-30 N and 68-97.5 E) exhibits a wide range in topography and climate, which has a bearing on its vegetation and floristic composition. This subcontinent is one of the World’s 12 leading Biodiversity Centres, encompassing 16 different agro-climatic zones, 10 vegetation zones, 25 biotic provinces and about 426 habitats of specific species. It has been estimated that about 45,000 plant species (nearly 20% of the global species) occurs in the Indian Sub-continent. About 3,500 species of both higher and lower plant groups are of medicinal values. More than 80 percent of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) are collected from 17 million hectares of Indian forest land. However, many of these, due to over-exploitation have become rare (Rheum emodi, Aconitum deinorrhizum), threatened (Rauvolfia serpentina, Berberis artistata), or endangered ones (Sassurea lappa, Dioscorea deltoidea). Problems arising out of rapid genetic loss of medicinal plants forced the need for international co-operation and co-ordination to undertake programmes for conservation of medicinal plants to ensure that adequate quantities are available for future generations. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic species gives scope to improve the quality of the drugs. Merits of commercial cultivation of MAP is the outcome of implementation of number of critical factors like locate-selection; good genetically stable planting materials; good agrotechnological practices; nutrient input; harvesting management and implementation of suitable post harvesting techniques to preserve the end product till smart and effective marketing arrangements are made. There is a growing demand today for plant-based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. in the international market. The international market of medicinal plants is over 60 billion US dollar per year, which is growing at the rate of 7 percent per annum. The present export of herbal raw materials and medicines from India is about US dollar 100-114 million approximately per year. India is one of the major exporter of crude drugs mainly to six developed countries viz. USA, Germany, France, Switzerland, U.K. and Japan, who share between them 75-80 per cent of the total export market. CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (MAP) IN INDIA Techno-economical Considerations for Cultivation of MAP in India Loss of genetic diversity, particularly related to potential medicinal species has taken place; more so in the Worlds’ tropical rain forests and its conservation aspect has, of late, captured the attention of herbal scientists and experts (Duke, 1985). With emphasis it can be stated that the ultimate solution of medicinal plant conservation is medicinal plant cultivation in a scientific way (Foster, 1993). Botanical producer will desire to optimise yield from production; whereas user or entrepreneur will want to manufacture a product of uniform quality. Environmental factors play dramatic roles on biomass yield and composition, and also on its consistency. Proc. Int. Conf. on MAP Eds. J. Bernath et al. Acta Hort. 576, ISHS 2002 192 The process of selection of geographical site is very important and will have to be tailormade to meet the requirement of a particular botanical or a group of botanicals with ecological homogeneity. Elevation of the region has a profound bearing on successful cultivation of MAP. Indian cultivation of Datura innoxia, Atropa belladona, Catharanthus roseus, Rauvolfia serpentina, Cepecacuanha spp. and Hyoscyamus niger are appropriate examples (Table 1). Slope face is another factor, which determines variations of diurnal light intensity and temperature necessary for better growth and development of MAP. Latitude also have pronounced effect on biomass composition e.g. Atropa belladona. Adequate soil moisture and moderate nutrient status generally meet the requirements for growing MAP in India. However in some cases (e.g. Psyllium, Cassia, Catharanthus, Withania, Rauvolfia, Cymbopogon), the plantation can profitably thrive on low fertility soils of warmer regions. Pyrethrum, Solanum spp., Jasminium and Ocimum spp. can be economically grown over medium fertility soils. In case of Papaver, Dioscorea spp., Mentha spp. and Cymbopogon spp., high fertility soil and liberal irrigation will be necessary for successful growth of plantation. Rained cultivation in India is widely followed in Withania, Cassia, Vetiveria and Eucalyptus citriodora. Medicinal and aromatic crops are generally adapted to a wide range of soil texture and pH. Plantago, Cassia, Cymbopogon growing over light soils become high yielding when grown over loam and clay loam (nearly 80% increase in yield in case of Plantago ovata). Vetiveria is unique for its tolerance to soil alkalinity and periodic flooding and water logging of fields; conditions however producing no adverse effect on total oil yield and its composition. Cinchona, Cephalis and Coptis have preference for acidic soils (5-6 pH); whereas species like Aloe, Pandanus, Urginea, Commiphora are grown in soils of higher pH. Day length have been found to influence growth and development of certain medicinal and aromatic crops in India. Commercial cultivation of Mentha, Glycyrrhiza, Coptis, Humulus prefer more than 14 hours of day length for high crop yield whereas citronella, Pelargonium and Pogostemon are short-day plants and essential oil production can be increased by nearly 25% by satisfying appropriate light requirements to these crops. Senna is a day-neutral plant and cultivation success is independent of prevalent day-light duration. In crops like Solanum, Digitalis, Rauvolfia and Dioscorea, effects of photoperiodic cycles (long days) have also been clearly established (Chatterjee, 1986). Regulatory role of light intensity on improvement of performance of a number of medicinally important crops has been established. In Mentha, ample sunshine is necessary at maturity for higher content of oil and menthol content. Economics of cultivation of this species is very much affected if crops are harvested in rainy or cloudy days due to the fact that higher conversion of menthol into menthone. Amongst other plantation crops, low light intensity favours production like Cephalis; thereby necessitating artificial shading during commercial cultivation. Only 20-25 percent day light intensity is recommended for optimum productivity performance. Berberine content is nearly 10-15 percent higher in roots of Coptis japonica, when on average, 70 percent of incident light is intercepted. Additional light promotes the AP accumulation in Digitalis spp. and Solanum khasianum (Table 2.). Reduced light intensity (nearly 40 %) by growing Cinchona under shade tree increases percentage of quinine and related alkaloids by more than 30 percent; as well as bark yield by 30-40 % (Table 3). Role of atmospheric temperature on success of medicinal and aromatic plant cultivation can also be well exemplified. Pyrethrum growing in southern hills is favoured by lower minimum temperature increasing the yield of dry matter and total pyrethrin contents. In general increasing temperature up to a maximum (prior to physiological damage) favour increased secondary metabolite production in many alkaloid and terpene producing medicinal plants. Composition of secondary metabolite may also be changed. Low temperature favours morphine increase in poppy and decreases the total principle content.
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TL;DR: In this review, recent work on the investigation of selected bioactive Thai medicinal plants is presented and their biological activities against infectious diseases including antimalarial and anti-HIV, are highlighted, as well as their anticancer, antiulcer andAnti-inflammatory properties.
Abstract: It has been estimated that plants are the most important source of medicine for more than 80% of the world’s population. Medicinal plants are a vital source of medication in developing countries. Despite the wealth of human experience and folklore concerning the medicinal uses of plants, proper scientific investigation has only been applied to a small fraction of the world’s plants. This is a cause of grave concern as plant species continue to disappear. A rapid response to this situation is urgently needed to prevent the disappearance of the plant species and the ethnopharmacological knowledge that accompanies them. In this review, recent work on the investigation of selected bioactive Thai medicinal plants is presented. Their biological activities against infectious diseases including antimalarial and anti-HIV, are highlighted, as well as their anticancer, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory properties. The chemical transformations of some selected compounds are discussed.
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01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: An attempt is made to evaluate the phytochemical properties of the fruit extract of cannabis by applying a number of techniques to the cultivation of medicinal plants.
Abstract: Medicinal plants cultivation and their uses , Medicinal plants cultivation and their uses , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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26 Mar 2002TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a process for the preparation of a herbal health protective, promotive and disease preventive nutraceutical herbal formulation as food supplement to ameliorate the general health of diabetics, which comprises the base product of microwave roasted seed powders mixture from selected genera of Glycine, Cicer, Phaseolus, Cyamompsis, Mucuna, Hordeum, Amaranthus and Fagopyrum.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a herbal health protective, promotive and disease preventive nutraceutical herbal formulation(s) for diabetics, and also relates to a process for the preparation of a herbal health protective, promotive and disease preventive nutraceutical herbal formulation as food supplement to ameliorate the general health of diabetics, said formulation comprises the base product of microwave roasted seed powders mixture from selected genera of Glycine, Cicer, Phaseolus, Cyamompsis, Mucuna, Hordeum, Amaranthus and Fagopyrum, fortified with herbs/medicinal plants used are selected from the genera of Gymnema, Momordica, Syzgium, Pterocarpus, Trigonella, Cinnamomum, Withania, Coccinia, Pueraria, Asparagus, Boerhaavia and Aegle and also some other ingredients like Piper longum, Chlorophytum tuberosum, Curcuma longa and Elettaria cardamomum were also added to get the final nutraceutical product(s); the nutraceuticals are with optimum nutrition, non toxic, natural herbal plant products, easy to digest, have health protective and promotive properties to ameliorate the general health and vigor of diabetics.
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TL;DR: The primary objectives are to isolate as many secondary metabolites as possible for the phytochemical knowledge of the plants studied, to identify active principles in plants with claimed biological activity and to evaluate pharmacological effects of plant extracts, fractions and pure compounds in relationship to the parent plant material.
Abstract: Higher plants, which have served humankind as sources of biologically active molecules since its earliest beginnings, continue to play a key role in the world health. Compounds from higher plants are of great potential value as medicinal agents, as "leads" or model compounds for synthetic or semisynthetic structure modifications and optimization, as biochemical and/or pharmacological probes. As a consequence of the renewed interest in the search of new substances from natural sources as potential candidates in the drug development, since 1980 our research group has been involved in investigation of higher plants employed in Italian, Chinese, African and Soth-American traditional medicine. Our primary objectives are: - to isolate as many secondary metabolites as possible for the phytochemical knowledge of the plants studied; - to identify active principles in plants with claimed biological activity; - to evaluate pharmacological effects of plant extracts, fractions and pure compounds in relationship to the parent plant material; - to subject the isolated compounds to biological screenings on the basis of their structural relationship with known drugs. One of our approach to the study of medicinal plants is the preliminary pharmacological screening of the plant extracts, followed by a bioassay-guided fractionation of the extracts leading to the isolation of the pure active constituents. Such a strategy has been used in the isolation of a number of antispasmodic alkaloids from the extracts of South-American medicinal plants which showed a pronounced inhibitory activity on the electrical induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum (E.C.I.) and on morphine withdrawal. The alkaloids represent the group of natural products that has had the major impact throughout history on the economic, medical, political, and social affairs of humans. Many of these agents have potent physiological effects on mammalian systems as well as other organisms, and as a consequence, some constitute important therapeutic agents. In the plant kingdom, the alkaloids appear to have a restricted distribution in certain families and genera; particularly Apocynaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, and Berberidaceae are out-standing for alkaloid-yelding plants. Alkaloids are usually classified according to the nature of the aminoacids or their derivatives from which they are biosynthetized. Our interest has been centered on alkaloids derived from the aromatic aminoacids and in particular on isoquinoline alkaloids (biologically derived from phenylalanine) from Argemone mexicana (Papaveraceae), Aristolochia constricta (Aristolochiaceae) and on alkaloids with an indole nucleus (biologically derived from tryptophane) from Sickingia williamsii and Sickingia tinctoria (Rubiaceae).
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01 Jan 2002-Journal of The Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology-nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of the top 10 most frequently used phrases in the literature, including: https://www.dr.drachel.org/blog/2017/08/12/the-top-10-most-often-used-words-in-text/
Abstract: 沖縄産食薬用植物の抗酸化関連機能について,そのエタノール抽出物を用いて検討した.抽出物のDPPHラジカル消去活性,脂質酸化抑制活性,ならびに酸化的細胞死の抑制活性を測定し評価した.その結果,各方法で顕著な活性を有する植物抽出物がいくつか見出されたが,中でも,バンジロウ,ビョウヤナギ,ゲットウに総合的に高い活性が認められ,新たな抗酸化機能食材としての可能性が示された.また,サツマイモの抽出物に,他の植物種とは異なる特徴的な細胞保護機能を認めた.
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26 Nov 2002
TL;DR: This book discusses the cultivation and use of herbs, spices, and botanicals for medicinal and nutritional purposes and some of the applications can be found in herbal medicines and herbal products.
Abstract: * Acknowledgments * Introduction * Alfalfa * Allspice * Aloe * Alternative Medicine * American Botanical Council * American Herbal Products Association * American Spice Trade Association * Anemone * Anise * Aphrodisiacs * Arnica * Aromatherapy * Ashwagandha * Baby's Breath * Basil * Belladonna * Bilberry * Black Cohosh * Black Pepper * Bouquet Garni * Brooklime * Burdock * Calendula * Cayenne Pepper * Chamomile * Chaparral * Chervil * Chickweed * Cinnamon * Cloves * Coffee Coffee Substitutes * Comfrey * Coriander * Corporate Alliance for Integrative Medicine * Curry Powder * Digitalis * Dill * Echinacea * Eucalyptus * Evening Primrose * Federal Regulation of Herbs and Spices * Fennel * Fenugreek * Feverfew * Flax * Folexco * Food Preparation and Nutrition Herbs, Spices, and Botanicals * Frankincense * Garlic * Ginger Wild Ginger * Ginkgo * Ginseng * Goldenseal * Henna * Herb Crafts * Herb Fairs * Herb Gardens * Herb Growing & Marketing Network * Herb Jargon * Herb Quest International * Herb Research Foundation * Herb Society of America * Herbal Aspirin * Herbal Cosmetics * Herbal Education * Herbal Incense * Herbal Markets and Consumers * Herbal Pillows * Herbal Soaps * Herbs and Pets * Herbs in Wedding Celebrations * Hops * Horsetail * Horticulture Therapy * Hyssop * Indiana Botanical Gardens * International Herb Association * International Herb Growers and Marketers Association * Juniper * Kava Kava * Kudzu Vine * Lavender * Lemon Balm * Lemongrass * Licorice * Lobelia * Mahuang * Marijuana * Melaleuca * Milk Thistle * Mint Family * Motherwort * The New World Tapestry and Herbs * Nutmeg * Onion * Opium Poppy * Parsley * Pau D'Arco * Peach Oil * Psyllium * Purple Loosestrife * Red Clover * Rhubarb * Rosemary * Safflower * Saffron * Sage * Sarsaparilla * Sassafras * Savory * Saw Palmetto * Self-Heal * Shaker Herbs * Smartweed * Sorrel * St. John's Wort * Stevia * Stinging Nettle * Sunflower * Tea * Thyme * Trout Lake Farm * Turmeric * Valerian * Vanilla * Watercress * Willow Bark * Witch Hazel * Wood Betony * Wormwood * Yarrow * Yellow Dock * Appendix: Supplementary List of Botanicals and Their Applications * Recommended Reading * Index * Reference Notes Included
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TL;DR: Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of five medicinal plants have been screened for in vivo antiinflammatory activity in albino rats and Methanol extract of Aegle marmelosand ethylacetate extract Atalantla monophylla showed significant anti inflammatory activity.
Abstract: Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of five medicinal plants have been screened for in vivo antiinflammatory activity in albino rats. Methanol extract of Aegle marmelosand ethyl acetate extract Atalantla monophylla showed significant antiinflammatory activity at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
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01 Apr 2002
TL;DR: This book discusses diseases of major medicinal plants and their applications in medicine, as well as some of the treatments available for these diseases.
Abstract: deiseases of major medicinal plants , deiseases of major medicinal plants , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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16 Nov 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a process of preparing a fermented food product obtained by fermenting 101 kinds of medicinal plants with the same amount of sucrose and then aging at low temperature is provided whereby, the food product permits effective intake of effective components of the medicinal plants.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A process of preparing a fermented food product obtained by fermenting 101 kinds of medicinal plants with the same amount of sucrose and then aging at low temperature is provided Whereby, the food product permits effective intake of effective components of the medicinal plants CONSTITUTION: A medicinal plant and sucrose(natural sugar) are mixed in a ratio of 1:1, fermented at 38 to 42degC for 5 to 7 months while agitating every 3 days, filtered and then aged at 1 to 10degC for 6 months to 2 years The medicinal plant is Cremastra appendiculata(D Don)Makino, Dicentra spectabilis, Capsella bursa-pastoris(Linne) Medicus, Aster scaber Thunb, Saururus chinensis Baill, Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Acanthopanacis Cortex Radicis, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Ganoderma lucidum Karst, Artemisia capillaris Thunb, etc
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31 Dec 2002
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01 Jan 2002
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present chemical structure and basic characteristics of some active substances in medical plants which are used in stomatology, considering their chemical content and pharmacological effects, all active substances of herbal origin are divided in four groups tannins, flavonoids, aetheric oils and the group of herbal species which show immunostimulating effect.
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to present chemical structure and basic characteristics of some active substances in medical plants which are used in stomatology. Considering their chemical content and pharmacological effects, all active substances of herbal origin are divided in four groups tannins, flavonoids, aetheric oils and the group of herbal species which show immunostimulating effect. Tannins are active substances of medical plants whose function are primarily based on precipitation of proteins and are used for disinfection of skin and oral mucose as well as for haemostatic purposes. Flavonoids are herbal pigments. They work as diuretics, and in dentistry they could be used as antiinflammatory agents. Essential oils are part of herbal species and are used as korigens of taste and smell. For their antiseptic and disinfective effects, essential oils are used in dentistry as preparations like toothpastes, mouth wash and chewing-gums. Immunostimulators of herbal origin are especially interesting in the decreasing immunity treatment for their slight toxic characteristics.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new complex preparation for the treatment of disorders of the oral mucous membrane and periodontium was created at the State Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Moscow).
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a significant expansion of the nomenclature of medicinal preparations of plant origin. To a considerable extent, this is due to the creation of complex pharmaceuticals based on several medicinal plants or, sometimes, on a rather large number of such plants. Besides the popular herbal mixtures and solid dosed medicinal forms prepared from raw plant materials, there is growing interest in liquid preparations of complex composition (extracts, elixirs, etc.). Recently, a new complex preparation for the treatment of disorders of the oral mucous membrane and periodontium was created at the State Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Moscow). This liquid preparation represents a mixed aqueous-ethanol extract from seven official medicinal plants, including peppermint leaves, macleya herbs, garden sage herbs, common yarrow herbs, camomile flowers, purple coneflower herbs, and pot marigold flowers. The extract possesses antiinflammatory, wound-healing, regenerating, and antimicrobial properties. This curative effect is due to various groups of biological substances present in the composition. Garden sage, camomile, peppermint, and common yarrow contain essential oil; macleya contributes alkaloids of the chelidonine group; purple coneflower yields a complex of phenolcarboxylic acids; and pot marigold gives flavonoids, which are also present in all other plants except for macleya. The final preparation also contains carbohydrates, carotenoids, trace elements, organic and fatty acids, steroids, saponins, and other components [1 – 9]. Obviously, standardization of such a muilticomponent preparation poses a relatively complicated problem, which requires an individual approach. The general quality of the preparation is evaluated according to the State Standard OST No. 91500.05.001-00 [10], stipulating tests for the identity, quantitative content of the total of biologically active substances, dry residue (moisture content), alcohol concentration, heavy metals content, and microbiological purity. Since the preparation includes components obtained from various plants containing specific combinations of biologically active substances, the test for identity involves general qualitative group reactions for terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, etc.) and a TLC check. Flavonoids are detected using the cyanidin reaction. The presence of tannins is checked by a reaction with iron hydroxychloride. The total terpenoid content is detected by the reaction with vanillin solution in concentrated sulfuric acid and by TLC [11]. Prior to this, the terpenoids are isolated by double extraction with an organic solvent and the solvent is distilled off in vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 40°C. A qualitative analysis for terpenoids and alkaloids is performed by TLC.