Showing papers on "Medicinal plants published in 2006"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the total phenolic or flavonoid contents of 11 Algerian medicinal plants and determined whether these compounds have an antioxidant capacity toward free radical propagation.
1,441 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of 30 Chinese medicinal plants were evaluated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively.
572 citations
TL;DR: The present paper reviews medicinal plants that have shown experimental or clinical antidiabetic activity and that have been used in traditional systems of medicine and natural products isolated from the medicinal plants and reported during 2001 to 2005.
Abstract: Currently available therapeutic options for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, such as dietary modification, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin, have limitations of their own. Many natural products and herbal medicines have been recommended for the treatment of diabetes. The present paper reviews medicinal plants that have shown experimental or clinical antidiabetic activity and that have been used in traditional systems of medicine; the review also covers natural products (active natural components and crude extracts) isolated from the medicinal plants and reported during 2001 to 2005. Many kinds of natural products, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and some others, have shown antidiabetic potential. Particularly, schulzeines A, B, and C, radicamines A and B, 2,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-L-glucitol, beta-homofuconojirimycin, myrciacitrin IV, dehydrotrametenolic acid, corosolic acid (Glucosol), 4-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid, and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose have shown significant antidiabetic activities. Among active medicinal herbs, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Leguminoceae), and Trigonella foenum graecum L. (Leguminosae) have been reported as beneficial for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
540 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Reading is a need and a hobby at once and this condition is the on that will make you feel that you must read.
Abstract: Medicinal and aromatic plants , Medicinal and aromatic plants , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
468 citations
TL;DR: Nigerian medicinal plants (Aspilia africana and Bryophyllum pinnatum) were analyzed for their chemical composition, vitamins and minerals in this article, and the results revealed the presence of bioactive constituents comprising alkaloids (1.24 to 1.48 mg/100 g), saponins ( 1.46 to1.72 mg/ 100 g), flavonoids (0.86mg/100g), phenols ( 0.04 to 0.5 mg/1.5mg), riboflavin(0.20
Abstract: Nigerian medicinal plants (Aspilia africana and Bryophyllum pinnatum) were analyzed for their chemical composition, vitamins and minerals. The results revealed the presence of bioactive constituents comprising alkaloids (1.24 to 1.48 mg/100 g), saponins (1.46 to 1.72 mg/100 g), flavonoids (1.46 to 1.86 mg/100 g), phenols (0.06 mg/100g) and tannins (0.04 to 0.5 mg/100g). The medicinal plants contained ascorbic acid (26.42 to 44.03 mg/100 g), riboflavin (0.20 to 0.42 mg/100 g), thiamine (0.11 to 0.18 mg/100 g), and niacin (0.02 to 0.09 mg/100 g). These herbs are good sources of minerals such as Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Fe and Zn. The importance of these chemical constituents is discussed with respect to the role of these herbs in ethnomedicine in Nigeria.
442 citations
TL;DR: With the increased popularity of plant‐derived and herbal medicines in Western society, the benefits and potential dangers of these medicines must be considered.
Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatments for numerous human diseases for thousands of years. Diarrhoeal diseases continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and there is renewed interest in the discovery of novel compounds that can be used to fight these diseases. Numerous studies have validated the traditional use of antidiarrhoeal medicinal plants by investigating the biological activity of extracts of such plants, which have antispasmodic effects, delay intestinal transit, suppress gut motility, stimulate water adsorption or reduce electrolyte secretion. Of the numerous phytochemicals (such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and terpenes) present in active extracts, tannins and flavonoids are thought to be responsible for antidiarrhoeal activity by increasing colonic water and electrolyte reabsorption. Others act by inhibiting intestinal motility. As some of the active ingredients are potentially toxic, there is a need to evaluate the safety of plant preparations. A few clinical trials have evaluated the safety and tolerability of traditional and herbal medicine preparations used to treat diarrhoea and generally indicate that minimal side effects are observed. However, with the increased popularity of plant-derived and herbal medicines in Western society, the benefits and potential dangers of these medicines must be considered.
356 citations
TL;DR: This review presents the profiles of plants with hypoglycaemic properties, reported in the literature from 1990 to 2000, to demonstrate the importance of herbal plants in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and shows the effort to isolate new potential antidiabetic agents.
Abstract: Medical plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are meager. This review presents the profiles of plants with hypoglycaemic properties, reported in the literature from 1990 to 2000. The profiles presented include information about the scientific name, family, methodology used, the degree of hypoglycaemic activity and the active agents. The large number of plants described in this review (176 species belonging to 84 families) clearly demonstrated the importance of herbal plants in the treatment of diabetes. It also shows the effort to isolate new potential antidiabetic agents. The plant families, including the species (sp), most studied for their confirmed hypoglycaemic effects include: Leguminoseae (11 sp), Lamiaceae (7 sp), Liliaceae (8 sp), Cucurbitaceae (7 sp), Asteraceae (6 sp), Moraceae (6 sp), Rosaceae (6 sp), Euphorbiaceae (5 sp) and Araliaceae (5 sp). The most studied species are: Citrullus colocynthis (Opuntia streptacantha Lem. (Cactaceae), Trigonella foenum greacum L. (Leguminosea), Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), Ficus bengalensis L. (Moraceae), Polygala senega L. (Polygalaceae), and Gymnema sylvestre R. (Asclepiadaceae). Many studies have confirmed the benefits of medicinal plants with hypoglycaemic effects in the management of diabetes mellitus. The effects of these plants may delay the development of diabetic complications and correct the metabolic abnormalities. Moreover, during the past few years some of the new bioactive drugs isolated from hypoglycaemic plants showed antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than oral hypoglycaemic agents used in clinical therapy. (Int J Diabetes Metab 14: 1-25, 2006)
342 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo research demonstrates that the reviewed botanical medicines modulate the secretion of multiple cytokines, indicating that phytotherapy offers a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of many differing conditions involving cytokines.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Modulation of cytokine secretion may offer novel approaches in the treatment of a variety of diseases. One strategy in the modulation of cytokine expression may be through the use of herbal medicines. A class of herbal medicines, known as immunomodulators, alters the activity of immune function through the dynamic regulation of informational molecules such as cytokines. This may offer an explanation of the effects of herbs on the immune system and other tissues. For this informal review, the authors surveyed the primary literature on medicinal plants and their effects on cytokine expression, taking special care to analyze research that utilized the multi-component extracts equivalent to or similar to what are used in traditional medicine, clinical phytotherapy, or in the marketplace. METHODOLOGY: MEDLINE, EBSCO, and BIOSIS were used to identify research on botanical medicines, in whole or standardized form, that act on cytokine activity through different models, i.e., in vivo (human and animal), ex vivo, or in vitro. RESULTS: Many medicinal plant extracts had effects on at least one cytokine. The most frequently studied cytokines were IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and IFN. Acalypha wilkesiana, Acanthopanax gracilistylus, Allium sativum, Ananus comosus, Cissampelos sympodialis, Coriolus versicolor, Curcuma longa, Echinacea purpurea, Grifola frondosa, Harpagophytum procumbens, Panax ginseng, Polygala tenuifolia, Poria cocos, Silybum marianum, Smilax glabra, Tinospora cordifolia, Uncaria tomentosa, and Withania somnifera demonstrate modulation of multiple
300 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: This work focuses on the development of fast Reliable Methods of Extraction and High-Throughoutput Screening of Crude Plant Extracts and their Interactions with Macromolecules and Toxicity, and the need for Anti-Infective Agents.
Abstract: Preface. List of Contributors. 1 Bioactive Phytocompounds: New Approaches in the Phytosciences (Ricardo Ramos Mendonca-Filho). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Development of Fast Reliable Methods of Extraction and High-Throughoutput Screening (HTS) of Crude Plant Extracts: New Challenges. 1.3 Antimicrobial Bioactive Phytocompounds from Extraction to Identification: Process Standardization. 1.4 Problems Associated with the Efficacy, Stability and Quality Control of Herbal Drugs Preparations. 1.5 Novel Bioactive Phytocompounds Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria/Fungi: The Management of Infectious and Chronic Diseases. 1.6 Mode of Action of Bioactive Phytocompounds and their Interactions with Macromolecules and Toxicity. 1.7 Bioactive Phytocompounds and Future Perspectives. References. 2 Quality Control, Screening, Toxicity, and Regulation of Herbal Drugs (Wickramasinghe M. Bandaranayake). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Preparation of Herbal Drugs. 2.3 Quality Control of Herbal Drugs. 2.4 Herbal Supplements. 2.5 Adulteration of Herbal Drugs. 2.6 Contamination of Herbal Drugs and Herb-Drug Interactions. 2.7 Toxicity of Herbal Drugs. 2.8 Screening of Herbal Drugs. 2.9 Labeling of Herbal Products. 2.10 Policies and Regulations. 2.11 Trends and Developments. 2.12 Conclusions. References. 3 Herbal Medicines: Prospects and Constraints (Iqbal Ahmad, Farrukh Aqil, Farah Ahmad, and Mohammad Owais). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Prospects for Herbal Medicine. 3.3 Constraints in Herbal Medicine. 3.4 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for Herbal Medicine. 3.5 Improving the Quality, Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicine. 3.6 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 4 Bioactive Phytocompounds and Products Traditionally Used in Japan (Jin-ichi Sasaki). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Garlic. 4.3 Mushroom. 4.4 Sweetcorn. 4.5 Oil and Flavor of Tree Hiba (Japanese Cypress) (Hinokitiol). 4.6 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 5 Plant Extracts Used to Manage Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections in Southern Africa (J.N. Eloff and L.J. McGaw). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Biodiversity in Southern Africa. 5.3 Use of Plants in Southern African Traditional Medicine. 5.4 The Need for Anti-Infective Agents. 5.5 Selection of Plant Species to Investigate. 5.6 Collecting, Drying, and Storage of Plant Material. 5.7 Extraction of Plant Material. 5.8 Evaluating Quantitative Antimicrobial Activity. 5.9 Evaluating Qualitative Biological Activity. 5.10 Expression of Results. 5.11 Antibacterial Activity. 5.12 Results on Antibacterial Activity Obtained with Members of the Combretaceae. 5.13 Antifungal Activity. 5.14 Antiparasitic Activity. 5.15 Other Anti-Infective Research in South Africa. 5.16 Cytotoxicity. 5.17 Ethnoveterinary Research. 5.18 Determining the in vivo Efficacy of Extracts and Isolated Compounds. 5.19 Conclusion. References. 6 Biological and Toxicological Properties of Moroccan Plant Extracts: Advances in Research (M. Larhsini). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Ethnobotanic and Ethnopharmacology of Traditional Moroccan Plants. 6.3 Toxicological Assays. 6.4 Conclusions. References. 7 Anti-MRSA and Anti-VRE Activities of Phytoalexins and Phytoncides Isolated from Tropical Plants (Yoshikazu Sakagami). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Phytoalexins and Phytoncides. 7.3 Antibiotics. 7.4 Bacteria and Broth. 7.5 Isolation of Phytoalexins and Phytoncides. 7.6 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. 7.7 Synergism of Antibacterial Compounds with Commercially Available Antibiotics. 7.8 Antibacterial Activities. 7.9 Synergism Between the Test Compounds and Commercial Antibiotics Against VRE, MRSA, VSE, and MSSA. References. 8 Methods for Testing the Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts (Jenny M. Wilkinson). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Antibacterial Assays. 8.3 Antifungal Assays. 8.4 In vivo Assessment of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity. 8.5 Methods for Assessing Antiviral Activity. 8.6 Screening of Plant Extracts for Antiparasitic Activity. 8.7 Conclusions. References. 9 Targeted Screening of Bioactive Plant Extracts and Phytocompounds Against Problematic Groups of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (Farrukh Aqil, Iqbal Ahmad, and Mohammad Owais). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Approaches to Targeted Screening Against MDR Bacteria. 9.3 Other Potential Approaches. 9.4 Conclusions and Future Directions. Acknowledgments. References. 10 Activity of Plant Extracts and Plant-Derived Compounds against Drug-Resistant Microorganisms (Antonia Nostro). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Plant Materials with General Antimicrobial Activity Including some Drug-Resistant Strains. 10.3 Plant Materials with Specific Antimicrobial Activity Against Drug-Resistant Strains. 10.4 Plant Materials that Restore the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Agents and/or Inhibit Drug Resistance Mechanisms. 10.5 Conclusions. References. 11 An Alternative Holistic Medicinal Approach to the Total Management of Hepatic Disorders: A Novel Polyherbal Formulation (Mohammad Owais, Iqbal Ahmad, Shazia Khan, Umber Khan, and Nadeem Ahmad). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Conventional Medicines for Liver Disorders. 11.3 Herbal Medicines - Potential Therapeutic Agents with Minimal Side-Effects. 11.4 Contributions of Elementology to Potential Treatments for Hepatic Disorders. 11.5 Other Alternatives in Liver Therapy. 11.6 Conclusions. References. 12 Traditional Plants and Herbal Remedies Used in the Treatment of Diarrheal Disease: Mode of Action, Quality, Efficacy, and Safety Considerations (Enzo A. Palombo). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Methods Used in the Evaluation of Bioactivity of Medicinal Plants. 12.3 Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Diarrhea that Display Antimicrobial Activity. 12.4 Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Diarrhea that Display Antidiarrheal Activity. 12.5 Phytochemical Analysis, Identification of Active Plant Components, and Mechanism of Action of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Diarrhea. 12.6 Quality, Efficacy, and Safety Considerations. 12.7 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 13 Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Medicinal Plants (Javed Musarrat, Farrukh Aqil, and Iqbal Ahmad). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Plants as Protective Agents Against DNA Damage. 13.3 Antimutagenic Properties of Edible and Medicinal Plants. 13.4 Mutagenicity of Plant Extracts and Phytocompounds. 13.5 "Janus Carcinogens and Mutagens". 13.6 Chemical Nature of Phytoantimutagenic Compounds. 13.7 Assays for Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity. 13.8 Paradigms in Antimutagenicity Research. 13.9 Conclusions. References. 14 Potential of Plant-Derived Products in the Treatment of Mycobacterial Infections (Deepa Bisht, Mohammad Owais, and K. Venkatesan). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Current Therapy of Tuberculosis and Leprosy. 14.3 Need for Newer Antimycobacterial Drugs. 14.4 Plant Extracts. 14.5 Well-Characterized Plant-Derived Compounds. 14.6 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 15 Ethnomedicinal Antivirals: Scope and Opportunity (Debprasad Chattopadhyay). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Antiviral Ethnomedicines Against Common Virus Families. 15.3 Major Groups of Antivirals from Plants. 15.4 Mixtures and Other Compounds. 15.5 Experimental Approaches. 15.6 Future Prospects. 15.7 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 16 Immunomodulatory Effects of Phytocompounds (Buket Cicioglu Ar dogan). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Effect of Specific Medicinal Herbs on Immune System and Immune Cells. 16.3 General Properties of Echinacea Species. 16.4 Effects of Echinacea Species on the Immune System and Various Immune Cells. 16.5 Asteraceae. 16.6 Lithospermum erythrorhizon. 16.7 Guarana. 16.8 Side and Adverse Effects of Some Phytocompounds. 16.9 Conclusion. References. 17 Use of a Liposomal Delivery System for Herbal-Based Therapeutics (with a Focus on Clove Oil) (Nadeem Ahmad, Maroof Alam, Iqbal Ahmad, and Mohammad Owais). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Rationale for Using Liposomized Formulation of Clove Oil. 17.3 Experiments Conducted to Develop Liposomal Clove Oil Formulation. 17.4 Conclusions. References. Subject Index.
276 citations
TL;DR: The medicinal plants used by the people of Assam for curing different skin ailments and for cosmetics ranges from the enhancement of skin colour, hair care, removal of ugly spots, colouring of nails, palms, and teeth, but many of the plant preparations used for enhancing beauty were also applied for therapeutic use.
236 citations
11 Dec 2006
TL;DR: Quality control for the efficacy and safety of herbal products is essential because all medicines, whether they are synthetic or of plant origin, should fulfill the basic requirements of being efficacious and safe.
Abstract: Medicinal plants constitute a source of raw materials for both traditional systems of medicine (e.g. Ayurvedic, Chinese, Unani, Homeopathy, and Siddha) and modern medicine. Nowadays, plant materials are employed throughout the industrialized and developing world as home remedies, over-the-counter drugs, and ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry. As such, they represent a substantial proportion of the global drug market. Most rural populations, especially in the developing world, depend on medicinal herbs as their main source of primary health care. Although most medicinal herbs are not, in their natural state, fit for administration, preparations suitable for administration are made according to pharmacopeia directions. The therapeutic potential of a herbal drugs depends on its form: whether parts of a plant, or simple extracts, or isolated active constituents. Herbal remedies consist of portions of plants or unpurified plant extracts containing several constituents, which often work together synergistically. The herbal drug preparation in its entirety is regarded as the active substance and the constituents are either of known therapeutic activity or are chemically defined substances or group of substances generally accepted to contribute substantially to the therapeutic activity of the drug. Phytochemical screening involves botanical identification, extraction with suitable solvents, purification, and characterization of the active constituents of pharmaceutical importance. Qualitative chemical examination employing different analytical techniques is conducted to detect and isolate the active constituent(s). In general, all medicines, whether they are synthetic or of plant origin, should fulfill the basic requirements of being efficacious and safe. Ultimate proof of these can only be achieved by some form of clinical research. A defined and constant composition of the drug is therefore one of the most important prerequisites for any kind of clinical experiment. Quality control for the efficacy and safety of herbal products is essential. The quality control of phytopharmaceuticals may be defined as the status of a drug, which is determined either by identity, purity, content, and other chemical, physical or biological properties, or by the manufacturing process. Compared with syn25
TL;DR: Brine shrimp lethality assay found eleven out of the 118 extracts showed significant toxicity to the brine shrimp, which could be useful in the search for new antitumor compounds from the Indian flora.
Abstract: Medicinal plants constitute important components of flora and are widely distributed in different regions of India. Based on ethnomedical significance, we have collected several medicinal plants used in traditional medicine from Eastern Ghats of India and evaluated for their biological activity. In the present study, a method utilizing brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) lethality was used to screen medicinal plants for their biological activity. Aqueous extracts from 118 Indian medicinal plants were screened by the brine shrimp lethality assay and found eleven out of the 118 extracts showed significant toxicity to the brine shrimp (＜60 μg/ml). Polygonum cuspidatum and Syzygium cumini extracts have exhibited potent activity with LC50 13.5 and 20, respectively. The results were analyzed within the context of the available traditional knowledge and uses for these plants. Present study could be useful in the search for new antitumor compounds from the Indian flora.
Book•
06 Dec 2006
TL;DR: This book discusses the history and current practice of Herbal Medicine in Veterinary Veterinary Medicine, as well as some of the issues surrounding regulation and quality control and safe Substitutes for Endangered Herbs.
Abstract: 1. Why Use Herbs? I. Historical Relationship between Plants and Animals 2. Zoopharmacognosy 3. Ethnoveterinary Medicine: Potential Solutions for Large-Scale Problems 4. The Roots of Veterinary Botanical Medicine 5. Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine: The Cooking Pot Analogy 6. Ayurvedic Veterinary Medicine: Principles and Practices II. Herbal Medicine Controversies 7. Evaluating, Designing and Accessing Herbal Medicine Research 8. Regulation and Quality Control 9. A Skeptical View of Herbal Medicine III. The Plants 10. Medical Botany 11. Plant Chemistry in Veterinary Medicine: Medicinal Constituents and their Mechanisms of Action 12. Herbal Medicine: Potential for Intoxication and Interactions with Conventional Drugs 13. Herbal Energetics: The Key to Efficacy in Herbal Medicine 14. Herb Manufacture, Pharmacy and Dosing 15. Herbal Materia Medica 16. Designing the Medicinal Herb Garden 17. Commercial Organic Herb Production for Veterinary Medicine 18. Conserving Medicinal Plant Biodiversity 19. Safe Substitutes for Endangered Herbs: Plant Conservation and Loss of our Medicines IV. Veterinary Clinical Uses of Medicinal Plants 20. Approaches in Veterinary Herbal Medicine Prescribing 21. Herbs for Hematologic and Immunologic Disorders 22. Herbal Medicine in Equine Practice 23. Phytotherapy for Dairy Cows 24. Organic Management of Food Producing Livestock 25. Clinical Practice V. Resources A. Client Handouts a. How to Administer Herbs b. How to Report Adverse Events B. Training in Herbal Medicine C. Suppliers D. Websites and Other Texts
TL;DR: Four medicinal plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae were chemically screened for their chemical constituents including alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and phenols and the significance of the plants in traditional medicine and the importance of the chemical constituents in the pharmaceutical industries were discussed.
Abstract: Four medicinal plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae were chemically screened for their chemical constituents including alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and phenols. The medicinal plants investigated were Hyptis suaveloens and three putative hybrids of Ocimum gratissimum (Hybrid A, B and C). All the plants contains high percentage yield of crude alkaloids and flavonoids ranging from 10.44 to 14.32% and 9.28 to 12.54%, respectively. Only H. suaveloens is devoid of saponins. Tannins and phenols were present in all plants. The nutritional values of the phytochemicals were also assessed with a view of establishing and understanding their nutritional uses. The plants contained crude protein (9.19 to 17.94%), crude fibre (4.88 to 9.04%), ash (5.68 to 6.88%), carbohydrate (66.24 to 75.87%), crude lipid (3.48 to 4.90%) and food energy (357.68 to 373.26 mg/cal). The significance of the plants in traditional medicine and the importance of the chemical constituents in the pharmaceutical industries were discussed.
TL;DR: Aqueous extracts prepared from six South African medicinal plants, with cancer-related ethnobotanical uses, were tested for their cytotoxic ability in vitro against three human cancer cell lines: DU-145 prostate cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 andMCF-7 breast cancer cells and a non-malignant breast cell line, MCF-12A.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The medicinal plants and herbs have been used for many years in the treatment of various diseases in animals and human beings and now-a-days, utilization of these medicinal plants is increasing because of prohibition of most of the antimicrobial growth promoters in animal feed.
Abstract: The medicinal plants and herbs have been used for many years in the treatment of various diseases in animals and human beings. Now-a-days, utilization of these medicinal plants is increasing. These are used in animal feed as the growth promoters. Due to prohibition of most of the antimicrobial growth promoters in animal feed because of their residual effects, plant extracts are becoming more popular. They act as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antifungal, analgesic, insecticidal, anticoccidial and growth promoters. These plant extracts compete with the synthetic drugs. Majority of medicinal plants do not have the residual effects. Azadiracht indica, Zizyphus vulgaris, Ocimum gratissimum and Atlanta monophylla have the strong antibacterial activity, whereas ocimum plant has strong antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antifungal, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Leaves of Azadirachta indica are used for feeding and reducing the parasitic load of animals. The fruit of Azadirachta indica also has the anticoccidial activity for poultry.
TL;DR: An investigation was undertaken to determine the possible mechanisms of action of medicinal plants used for dermatological pathologies, and aqueous extracts of M. comosus exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity.
Abstract: An investigation was undertaken to determine the possible mechanisms of action of medicinal plants used for dermatological pathologies. A total of 14 plant species were selected from the readily avail
TL;DR: The study establishes some concordance between the local medicinal applications of the plants investigated and their constituent phytochemical groups which are relevant to the pharmaceutical industry, and confirms ethnobotany as a viable tool in search for plant genetic resources for use in the industries.
Abstract: An ethnobotanical search on five species of Senna within and around Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria showed their relevance in the local herbal medicine. These plants include Senna tora, S. occidentalis, S. alata, S. podocarpa and S. siamea. The phytochemical screening of their leaves revealed some major groups of pharmacological importance including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins and anthraquinones. The study establishes some concordance between the local medicinal applications of the plants investigated and their constituent phytochemical groups which are relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. It presents the plants as potential sources of raw materials in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Lastly it confirms ethnobotany as a viable tool in search for plant genetic resources for use in the industries.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a high proportion of the food consumed in Korean temples is medicinal, and is used for a wide variety of diseases.
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Using standard disk diffusion method the antibacterial activity of aqueous infusion, decoction and essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamon bark) were investigated against 178 bacterial strains belonging to 12 different genera of bacterial population isolated from oral cavity of 250 specimens of apparently healthy individuals.
Abstract: Using standard disk diffusion method the antibacterial activity of aqueous infusion, decoction and essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamon bark) were investigated against 178 bacterial strains belonging to 12 different genera of bacterial population isolated from oral cavity of 250 specimens of apparently healthy individuals aged between 2-85 years. Overall, the oil of Cinnamomum cassia inhibited all type of tested bacterial strains except Salmonella para typhi B exhibiting 99.4% antibacterial effect as compared to aqueous decoction (70.2%) and aqueous infusion (52.2%). In the plant kingdom, almost all plants are medicinal and the application of medicinal plants especially in traditional medicine is currently well acknowledged and established as a viable profession. In the developing countries, drugs are not only expensive but also have many side effects during treatment for any disorders that is why now in this era it is being emphasized to search medicinally valueable plants and predict their biological activity. Scientific evidence is accumulating and many of the plants have medicinal properties that alleviate symptoms or prevent diseases (Lai & Rov, 2004) eg., diarrhoea, asthma, urinary tract infections (UTI), septicemia, neonatal-meningitis, typhoid fever, osteomyelitis, gasteroenteritis, bone/lung abscesses, food poisoning, sickle cell disease, shigellosis, Reiter's syndrom, dental disorders etc. The characteristics of the plants that inhibit microorganisms and are important for human health have been researched in laboratories since 1926 (Erdogrul, 2002). Traditional medical treatments in daily life are now being used with empiric methods. Research interest has focused on Cinnamon that possess chemopreventive, antispasmodic, anti-ulcer, choleretic, sedative, hypothermic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antipyretic, lipolytic, antiseptic, anesthetic, anodyne, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, antiplatelet properties and also stimulate immune system that may be useful adjuncts in helping to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer (Cralg, 1999). Cinnamon has been a favorite spice around the world not only because of its health benefits but also because it flavors and preserves food. Cinnamon is native of Southern Asia and South America. It is also now cultivated in many tropical countries such as India, China, Madagascar, Brazil, Mexico and the Caribbean. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) of the family Lauracease is also known as Sweet wood and Gui Zhi. It contains medicinally important essential oil in leaves, fruits inner and outer bark. Much of cinnamon's bioactivity resides in its oil, which is about 90% cinnamaldehyde. It is used mainly in medicine, foods and cosmetics (Bown, 1995), and is employed in aromatherapy as a rub to promote blood circulation. It also contains both anti-fungal and anti-bacterial principles that can be used to prevent food spoilage due to bacterial contamination (Fabio et al., 2003).
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of medicinal plants on the microbial virulent features can serve Satara -412801, Maharashtra, as marker(s) for testing their efficacy for infectious diarrhoea.
Abstract: a ABSTRACT a The Foundation for Medical Research, 84A, RG Thadani Objective: Several medicinal plants have been evaluated for their antidiarrhoeal activity. Marg, Worli, Mumbai - Most studies evaluated their effect on intestinal motility and antimicrobial activity and, 400018, Maharashtra, India. therefore, did not take into account the pathogenesis of infectious diarrhoea. Features of b Naoroji Godrej Centre for infectious diarrhoea like abdominal pain, cramps, inflammation, and passage of blood/ Plant Research, Lawkin Ltd. mucus in the stools are the combined effect of one or more virulence factors of the infect- Campus, Shindewadi, Shirwal, ing organism. The effect of medicinal plants on the microbial virulent features can serve Satara - 412801, Maharashtra, as marker(s) for testing their efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a decoction India.
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The highly toxic plants reviewed are those which produce irreversible health injury, serious aftermath, and irreversible damage such as renal failure, liver damage, hemiplegia, blindness…etc and sometimes they can produce the death.
Abstract: Phytoremedies are becoming mainstream worldwide; the increasing of these medicinal approaches is due to the recognition of the value of traditional medicine and indigenous pharmacopoeia. Although medicinal plants are often promoted as natural and therefore harmless, they are not free from adverse effects. The potential toxicity of herbal medicine is not new. In several countries, where herbal medicines are commonly used, it is well known that some plants must used with caution because the adverse reaction can be caused inherently by toxic herbs, by herbs overdoses, or by drug-drug interaction, thus, especially other adverse reaction can be due to quality problems such as adulteration caused by manufacturing, misidentification, substitution of one herbs for an others, improper processing of preparation and use, etc… The present study reviews the cases of some plants commonly used by Moroccan people in traditional medicine and reported as highly toxic. Twenty eight plants are selected dangerous for health; these toxic species belonging to 16 families have been repertoried. The families reported to be most representative of these kinds of plants are Solanaceae (7 species). All physiological functions can be affected by the toxicity of plants. However, the highly toxic plants reviewed are those which produce irreversible health injury, serious aftermath, and irreversible damage such as renal failure, liver damage, hemiplegia, blindness…etc and sometimes they can produce the death. The plants that have been reported to produce the sever damages are: Aconitum vulparia Rchb., Anagyris foetida L., Atractylis gummifera L., Bryonia dioica Jacq, Chenopodium album L., Colchicum autumnale L., Conium maculatum L., Daphne gnidium L., Daphne laureola L., Ferula communis L, Hyosciamus niger L., Mandragora autumnalis Bertol, Nerium oleander L., Ricinus communis L., Solanum nigrum L., Tamus communis L. and Thapsia garganica L. The review indicates the scientific name of the plant (family and specie), the vernacular name, the part used, the LD50 (lethal dose 50) and summarized the most relevant toxicological investigations. The products carrying the toxicity of the plants and the acute toxicity have been mentioned. The great part of these toxic drugs belongs to the alkaloid class.
TL;DR: It is found that the plant Cassia auriculata have had more potent microbicidal activity when compare to Piper betel and screened for side effects, additional effects in birds.
Abstract: A total number of five plants were tested qualitatively to the presence of microbicidal activity by Kirby-Bour method in agar gel plates using poultry pathogenic E. coli as microbes. Among the five herbs used two herbs namely Piper betal and Cassia auriculata found to have microbicidal activity. The potency of microbicidal activity of that two herbs were tested quantitatively by the same method by using different dilutions and in different solvents, clinical experiments conducted in birds with infection and found that the plant Cassia auriculata have had more potent microbicidal activity when compare to Piper betel and screened for side effects, additional effects in birds.
TL;DR: Among these, Terminalia arjuna possesses the highest antioxidant potential and inhibit whole plasma oxidation in rats besides showing significant intestinal absorption and may possibly be responsible for their known beneficial therapeutic effects including their use in cardioprotection.
Abstract: The distinguishing feature of the traditional Indian medicinal system, Ayurveda, is its emphasis on the maintenance of positive health. As per Ayurveda, Indian medicinal plants are rich sources of substances that have several therapeutic properties including cardioprotection. Globally, cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality. Several epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between antioxidant intake and occurrence of various cardiovascular diseases. This review deals with medicinal plants which possess cardiotonic, cardioprotective and antioxidant effects. It also includes our studies on the antioxidant properties of some of these plants such as Terminalia arjuna (arjun), Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Garcinia indica (kokum) and Vitis vinifera (grapes). Among these, Terminalia arjuna possesses the highest antioxidant potential and inhibit whole plasma oxidation in rats besides showing significant intestinal absorption. Other plants studied also exhibit radical scavenging effects as studied using various biochemical assays. These antioxidant effects may possibly be responsible for their known beneficial therapeutic effects including their use in cardioprotection.
TL;DR: The H2O, H1O/MeOH (1:1) extracts from the wood of Taxus yunnanensis showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on induced histamine release from the human basophilic cell line, KU812, and two constituents, secoisolarciresinol and taxiresinol were found to show inhibitory activities.
Abstract: Allergies have become big problem around the world. Two of the most common types are pollen allergies and atopic dermatitis. In the past fifty years, these problems have dramatically increased. Though traditional Chinese medicines lack the definition of immunology, patients suffering from allergic diseases are treated with orally administered traditional medicinal drugs. This indicates that medicinal plants used for the allergy treatment may contain antiallergic compounds. The lignans and flavonoids of polyphenol are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and have been recognized to have various biological activities including antiallergic actions, and various in vitro and in vivo studies of the antiallergic effect have been reported. 1—4) Taxus yunnanensis CHENG et L. K. FU, which belongs to the plant family Taxaceae is widely distributed in the Yunnan Province of the People’s Republic of China and commonly known as “Yunnan Hongdoushan”. The wood of Taxus yunnanensis has been used in traditional Chinese medicine by several ethnic societies in the Yunnan Province for the treatment of kidney problems and diabetic conditions. 5) During the course of our characterization studies on the bioactive constituents of Chinese natural medicines, the H2O extract and H 2 O/MeOH extract from the wood of Taxus yunnanensis were found to show a remarkable inhibitory effect on induced histamine release from the human basophilic cell line, KU812. 6) In the present study, one new neolignan, 2-[2-hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methoxyphenyl]-1-(4-hydroxy3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol, was isolated together with ten known compounds (three phenols, five lignans, two taxane-type diterpenes) from the wood of Taxus yunnanensis. In addition, we examined the inhibitory effects of these isolates using an in vitro histamine release test.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of homonymity of homophily in the context of homomorphic data, and no abstracts are available.
Abstract: No abstract available.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results demonstrated that the screened medicinal plants could be develop as the effective lipase inhibitors in preventing and ameliorating obesity of human beings.
Abstract: In order to search anti-obesity agents, the methanol extracts of 155 herbal medicines were screened using with pancreatic lipase, which is involved in conversion of triglycerol to fatty acid. Among the tested medicinal plants, methanol extracts of Amsonia elliptica, Arecae pericarpium, Biota orientalis, Cinnamomum cassia, Curcuma aromatia, Elsholtzia ciliate, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Mucunae Caulis, Rhus javanica, and Rubus coreanus showed potent inhibition at final concentration of on pancreatic lipase activity. All of them were extracted into chloroform fraction. The relative inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase by orlistat, the chloroform fraction of Arecae pericarpium and Cinnamomum cassia were 89, 80 and 80%, respectively. These results demonstrated that the screened medicinal plants could be develop as the effective lipase inhibitors in preventing and ameliorating obesity of human beings.