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Showing papers on "Melibiose published in 2015"


Journal ArticleDOI
28 Sep 2015-Analyst
TL;DR: Values of ccs for precursor- and associated-fragment ions obtained by IMS-CID-IMS-MS analysis are often different, and thus appear to be useful as a means of distinguishing the isomeric precursors.
Abstract: Ion mobility spectrometry techniques (IMS and IMS-IMS) combined with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and mass spectrometry (MS) are used to investigate the structures of singly-lithiated carbohydrate isomers. With the exception of some favorable cases, IMS-MS analyses of underivatized carbohydrates reveal that most isobaric precursor ions have similar collision cross sections (ccs). In contrast, ccs values for isomeric fragment ions obtained by IMS-CID-IMS-MS analysis are often different, and thus appear to be useful as a means of distinguishing the isomeric precursors. We report values of ccs (in He) for precursor- and associated-fragment ions for three monosaccharide isomers (glucose, galactose and fructose), ten disaccharide isomers (sucrose, leucrose, palatinose, trehalose, cellobiose, β-gentiobiose, isomaltose, maltose, lactose and melibiose), and three trisaccharide isomers (raffinose, melezitose and maltotriose). These values are discussed as a means of differentiating precursor carbohydrates.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Gram-staining-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0A37T, was isolated from enrichment samples collected from a petroleum reservoir in Shengli oilfield to represent a novel species of the genus Terrisporobacter.
Abstract: A Gram-staining-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM0A37T, was isolated from enrichment samples collected from a petroleum reservoir in Shengli oilfield. Cells of strain LAM0A37T were rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella. The optimal temperature and pH for growth were 40 °C and 7.0–7.5, respectively. The strain did not require NaCl for growth but tolerated up to 3 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain LAM0A37T was able to utilize glucose, fructose, maltose, xylose, sorbitol, cellobiose, melibiose and melezitose as sole carbon sources. Sulfite was used as an electron acceptor. The main products of glucose fermentation were acetate and CO2. The predominant fatty acid was C16 : 0 (23.6 %). The main polar lipid profile comprised of five glycolipids, six phospholipids and two lipids. No menaquinone was detected. The genomic DNA G+C content was 27.1 ± 0.2 mol% as determined by the T m method. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate was a member of the genus Terrisporobacter, and was most closely related to Terrisporobacter glycolicus JCM 1401T and Terrisporobacter mayombei DSM 6539T with 98.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to both. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain LAM0A37T and type strains of Terrisporobacter glycolicus and Terrisporobacter mayombei were 45.6 ± 0.3 % and 38.3 ± 0.4 %, respectively. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0A37T is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Terrisporobacter, for which the name Terrisporobacter petrolearius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM0A37T ( = ACCC 00740T = JCM 19845T).

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A galactose oxidase from Fusarium sambucinum was cloned and expressed in E. coli and it could be purified with a one step affinity chromatography step and biochemical characteristics of the enzyme are comparable to galactOSE oxidases.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The functional defect with DDM or UDM likely results from the relative instability of the sensitive MelB proteins, and stability, as well as galactoside binding, is retained in MNG-3 or GDN, indicating that the conformational dynamics of MelB is restricted in this detergent.
Abstract: The effect of various detergents on the stability and function of the melibiose permeases of Escherichia coli (MelBEc) and Salmonella typhimurium (MelBSt) was studied. In n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM) or n-undecyl-β-d-maltoside (UDM), WT MelBSt binds melibiose with an affinity similar to that in the membrane. However, with WT MelBEc or MelBSt mutants (Arg141 → Cys, Arg295 → Cys, or Arg363 → Cys), galactoside binding is not detected in these detergents, but binding to the phosphotransferase protein IIA(Glc) is maintained. In the amphiphiles lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (MNG-3) or glyco-diosgenin (GDN), galactoside binding with all of the MelB proteins is observed, with slightly reduced affinities. MelBSt is more thermostable than MelBEc, and the thermostability of either MelB is largely increased in MNG-3 or GDN. Therefore, the functional defect with DDM or UDM likely results from the relative instability of the sensitive MelB proteins, and stability, as well as galactoside binding, is retained in MNG-3 or GDN. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry of melibiose binding with MelBSt shows that the favorable entropic contribution to the binding free energy is decreased in MNG-3, indicating that the conformational dynamics of MelB is restricted in this detergent.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using polyQ-mediated spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 cell and slice cultures, it is found the aggregation was significantly prohibited by trehalose, lactulose, and melibiose, which may through up-regulating of autophagy.
Abstract: The unique property of trehalose encourages its pharmaceutical application in aggregation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and many polyglutamine (polyQ)-mediated diseases. However, trehalose is digested into glucose by trehalase and which reduced its efficacy in the disease target tissues. Therefore, searching trehalase-indigestible analogs of trehalose is a potential strategy to enhance therapeutic effect. In this study, two trehalase-indigestible trehalose analogs, lactulose and melibiose, were selected through compound topology and functional group analyses. Hydrogen-bonding network analyses suggest that the elimination of the hydrogen bond between the linker ether and aspartate 321 (D321) of human trehalase is the key for lactulose and melibiose to avoid the hydrolyzation. Using polyQ-mediated spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) cell and slice cultures, we found the aggregation was significantly prohibited by trehalose, lactulose, and melibiose, which may through up-regulating of autophagy. These findings suggest the therapeutic applications of trehalase-indigestible trehalose analogs in aggregation-associated neurodegenerative diseases.

22 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Besides hydrolyzing pNPGal, TMG also efficaciously catalyzed the degradation of natural substrates such as stachyose, raffinose, and melibiose, thus TMG can be exploited commercially for improving the nutritional value of soy milk by degradation of indigestible oligosaccharides.
Abstract: An acidic α-galactosidase designated as TMG was purified from the fruiting bodies The purification protocol entailed ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose and of Tricholoma matsutake with 136-fold purification and a specific activity of 909 units/mg. Mono-Q and fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. TMG is a monomeric protein exhibiting a molecular mass of 47 kDa in SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The purified enzyme was identified by LC-MS/MS and three inner amino acid sequences were obtained. The optimum pH and temperature for TMG with pNPGal as substrate were pH 4.5 and 55 °C, respectively. The α-galactosidase activity was strongly inhibited by K+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ag+ and Zn2+ ions. The enzyme activity was inhibited by the chemical modification agent N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), indicating the importance of tryptophan residue(s) at or near the active site. Besides hydrolyzing pNPGal, TMG also efficaciously catalyzed the degradation of natural substrates such as stachyose, raffinose, and melibiose. Thus TMG can be exploited commercially for improving the nutritional value of soy milk by degradation of indigestible oligosaccharides.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that TCF032-E4 represents a distinct species, as confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and comparison with available genomes of related species, and a novel species, Lactobacillus herbarum sp.
Abstract: Strain TCF032-E4 was isolated from a traditional Chinese fermented radish. It shares >99% 16S rRNA sequence identity with L. plantarum, L. pentosus and L. paraplantarum. This strain can ferment ribose, galactose, glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, melibiose, trehalose and gentiobiose. It cannot ferment sucrose, which can be used by L. pentosus, L. paraplantarum, L. fabifermentans, L. xiangfangensis and L. mudanjiangensis, as well as most of the L. plantarum strains (88.7%). TCF032-E4 cannot grow at temperature above 32 °C. This strain shares 78.2–83.6% pheS (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit) and 89.5–94.9% rpoA (RNA polymerase alpha subunit) sequence identity with L. plantarum, L. pentosus, L. paraplantarum, L. fabifermentans, L. xiangfangensis and L. mudanjiangensis. These results indicate that TCF032-E4 represents a distinct species. This hypothesis was further confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and comparison with available genomes of related species. The draft genome size of TCF032-E4 is approximately 2.9 Mb, with a DNA G+C content of 43.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) between TCF032-E4 and related species ranges from 79.0 to 81.1%, the highest ANI value being observed with L. plantarum subsp. plantarum ATCC 14917T. A novel species, Lactobacillus herbarum sp. nov., is proposed with TCF032-E4T ( = CCTCC AB2015090T = DSM 100358T) as the type strain.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel strictly anaerobic, mesophilic bacterium was enriched and isolated with gluconate as sole substrate from a methanogenic sludge collected from a biogas reactor, revealing that strain GluBS11T is a member of subcluster XIVa within the order Clostridiales.
Abstract: A novel strictly anaerobic, mesophilic bacterium was enriched and isolated with gluconate as sole substrate from a methanogenic sludge collected from a biogas reactor. Cells of strain GluBS11T stained Gram-positive and were non-motile, straight rods, measuring 3.0-4.5 × 0.8-1.2 μm. The temperature range for growth was 15-37 °C, with optimal growth at 30 °C, the pH range was 6.5-8.5, with optimal growth at pH 7, and the generation time under optimal conditions was 60 min. API Rapid 32A reactions were positive for α-galactosidase, α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase and negative for catalase and oxidase. A broad variety of substrates was utilized, including gluconate, glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, melezitose, melibiose, mannitol, erythritol, glycerol and aesculin. Products of gluconate fermentation were ethanol, acetate, formate, H2 and CO2. Neither sulfate nor nitrate served as an electron acceptor. Predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and C18 : 1ω7c. The DNA G+C content of strain GluBS11T was 44.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data revealed that strain GluBS11T is a member of subcluster XIVa within the order Clostridiales. The closest cultured relatives are Clostridium herbivorans (93.1 % similarity to the type strain), Clostridium populeti (93.3 %), Eubacterium uniforme (92.4 %) and Clostridium polysaccharolyticum (91.5 %). Based on this 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence (>6.5 %) as well as on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic differences from these taxa, strain GluBS11T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Anaerobium acetethylicum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Anaerobium acetethylicum is GluBS11T ( = LMG 28619T = KCTC 15450T = DSM 29698T).

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The genetic basis and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the traits of the Chinese Maotai-flavored yeast MT1 are revealed and this work provides new insights for the genetic breeding of yeast and also enriches the genetic resources of yeast.
Abstract: Revealing genetic mechanisms behind specific physiological characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from specific environments is important for industrial applications and requires precise understanding. Maotai strain MT1 was isolated from the complicated Chinese Maotai-flavored liquor-making environment with extremely high temperatures, and acidic and ethanol stresses. Compared with the type strain S288c, MT1 can tolerate high acidity (pH 2.0), high ethanol levels (16 %) and high temperatures (44 °C). In addition, MT1 can simultaneously utilize various sugars, including glucose, sucrose, galactose, maltose, melibiose, trehalose, raffinose and turanose. Genomic comparisons identified a distinct MT1 genome, 0.5 Mb smaller than that of S288c. There are 145 MT1-specific genes that are not in S288c, including MEL1, MAL63, KHR1, BIO1 and BIO6. A transcriptional comparison indicated that HXT5 and HXT13, which are theoretically repressed by glucose, were no longer inhibited in MT1 and were highly expressed even in a medium containing 70 g/L glucose. Thus, other sugars may be co-utilized with glucose by MT1 without diauxic growth. Based on a functional genomics analysis, we revealed the genetic basis and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the traits of the Chinese Maotai-flavored yeast MT1. This work provides new insights for the genetic breeding of yeast and also enriches the genetic resources of yeast.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The analysis of the second-site revertants of K377C reveals that mutation of Ile-22 (in helix I) preserves Na+ binding, whereas that of melibiose is largely abolished according to spectroscopic measurements, highlighting the crucial role of the Lys-377 residue in the spatial organization of the Na+binding site.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An L-rhamnose-binding lectin isolated from eggs of the rock boring sea urchin Echinometra lucunter was able to agglutinate Gram-positive bacterial cells, suggesting its ability to recognize pathogens.

Journal ArticleDOI
Xiaofeng Dai1, Xiaochong Shi1, Xin Gao1, Jing Liang1, Xiao-Hua Zhang1 
TL;DR: Based on this phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain ZH114(T) should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Salipiger, for which the name Salipigers nanhaiensis sp.
Abstract: A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, chemoheterotrophic, moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing, cream, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain ZH114T, was isolated from deep water of the South China Sea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that this strain belongs to the genus Salipiger with the highest sequence similarity to Salipiger mucescens LMG 22090T (96.83 %), followed by Pseudodonghicola xiamenensis LMG 24574T (96.12 %). Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum 32 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum pH 9.0–10.0) and in the presence of 0–19 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 6 %, w/v). It did not produce poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate granules or bacteriochlorophyll a. Acid was produced from glycerol, erythrose, ribose, d-xylose, galactose, glucose, fructose, mannitol, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, melibiose, turanose, d-lyxose, d-tagatose, d-fucose, d-arabitol and l-arabitol after inoculating for 24 h and weakly positive results were also detected after 48 h in API 50CH strips with d-arabinose, l-arabinose, l-xylose, adonitol, mannose, aesculin, salicin, sucrose, mycose and l-fucose. The predominant fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c. The major polar lipids of ZH114T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain ZH114T was 63.8 mol%. Based on this phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain ZH114T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Salipiger , for which the name Salipiger nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZH114T ( = JCM 19383T = KCTC 32468T).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain forms a novel lineage within the class Clostridia and clusters with the order Haloanaerobiales and the phylogenetic data suggest that the lineage represents at least a novel genus and species.
Abstract: A novel piezophilic, thermophilic, anaerobic, fermentative bacterial strain, designated strain DY22613T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal sulfide deposit at the East Pacific Rise (GPS position: 1026° W 31° S) Cells of strain DY22613T were long, motile rods (10 to 20 µm in length and 05 µm in width) with peritrichous flagella and were Gram-stain-negative Growth was recorded at 44–72 °C (optimum 60–62 °C) and at hydrostatic pressures of 01–55 MPa (optimum 20 MPa) The pH range for growth was from pH 50 to 90 with an optimum at pH 70 Growth was observed in the presence of 1 to 8 % (w/v) sea salts and 065 to 52 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimum salt concentrations at 35 % for sea salts and at 23 % for NaCl Under optimal growth conditions, the shortest generation time observed was 27 min (60 °C, 20 MPa) Strain DY22613T was heterotrophic, able to utilize complex organic compounds, amino acids, sugars and organic acids including peptone, tryptone, beef extract, yeast extract, alanine, glutamine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, fructose, fucose, galactose, gentiobiose, glucose, mannose, melibiose, palatinose, rhamnose, turanose, pyruvate, lactic acid, methyl ester, erythritol, galacturonic acid and glucosaminic acid Strain DY22613T was able to reduce Fe(III) compounds, including Fe(III) oxyhydroxide (pH 70), amorphous iron(III) oxide (pH 90), goethite (α-FeOOH, pH 120), Fe(III) citrate and elementary sulfur Products of fermentation were butyrate, acetate and hydrogen Main cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and C14 : 0 The genomic DNA G+C content of strain DY22613T was 367 mol% Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain forms a novel lineage within the class Clostridia and clusters with the order Haloanaerobiales (8692 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) The phylogenetic data suggest that the lineage represents at least a novel genus and species, for which the name Anoxybacter fermentans gen nov, sp nov is proposed The type strain is DY22613T ( = JCM 19466T = DSM 28033T = MCCC 1A06456T)

Journal Article
TL;DR: The three isolated strains can improve silage quality of Elymus nutans growing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau at low temperature, but these strains have no obvious advantages at 25 degrees C in comparison with the commercial inoculants.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE In order to detect the effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tibetan Plateau on silage fermentation quality of Elms nutans METHODS We used 3 isolated lactic acid bacteria with better growth at low temperatures of 10 and 15 degrees C at ensiling of Elymus nutans Subsequently, effects of the selected lactic acid bacteria on fermentation profiles of Elymus nutans silages stored at 15 and 25 degrees C were evaluated by using the same species of commercial inoculants as the control RESULTS PP-6 isolated from Tibetan Plateau could ferment raffinose, lactose, sorbitol, melibiose and sucrose, and LS-5 could ferment cottonseed sugar, laetrile, rhamnose, lactose, sorbitol, xylose, arabinose, melibiose and sucrose, but the same species of commercial strains could not use these sugars Inoculation of these three strains into Elymus nutans at 15 and 25 degrees C ensiled for 50 d, we found that LS-5 significantly reduced silage pH, propionic acid concentration and ratio of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen at 15 degrees C (P < 005), salvaged more water-soluble carbohydrate and crude protein; Application of LP-2 and PP-6 as a combined inoculant to Elymus nutans significantly improved lactic acid concentration (P < 005), resulting in a lower ratio of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen, saved more crude protein and significantly reduced neutral detergent fiber content (P < 005) as compared with the commercial strains CONCLUSION The three isolated strains can improve silage quality of Elymus nutans growing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau at low temperature, but these strains have no obvious advantages at 25 degrees C in comparison with the commercial inoculants

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The modification of C. cladosporioides α-galactosidase by sodium periodate is accompanied by a significant decrease in enzyme activity and stability, probably caused by topological changes in the tertiary and quaternary structure of the protein molecule.
Abstract: By modifying carbohydrate component of glycoproteins it is possible to elucidate its role in manifestation of structural and functional properties of the enzyme. The comparison of activity and stability of the native and modified by oxidation with sodium periodate α-galactosidase of Cladosporium cladosporioides was carried out. To determine α-galactosidase activity the authors used n-nitrophenyl synthetic substrate, as well as melibiose; raffinose and stachyose. Modification of the carbohydrate component had a significant effect on catalytic properties of the enzyme. Both the reduction of V and enzyme affinity for natural and synthetic substrates were observed The native enzyme retained more than 50% ofthe maximum activity in the range of 20-60 °C, while for the modified enzyme under the same conditions that temperature range was 30-50 °C. The modified α-galactosidase demonstrated a higher thermal stability under neutral pH conditions. The residual activity of the modified α-galactosidase was about 30% when treated with 70% (v/v) methanol, ethanol and propanol. About 50% of initial activity was observed when 40% ethanol and propanol, and 50% methanol were used. It was shown that the modification of C. cladosporioides α-galactosidase by sodium periodate is accompanied by a significant decrease in enzyme activity and stability, probably caused by topological changes in the tertiary and quaternary structure of the protein molecule.

Patent
07 Oct 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a gram-positive bacillus sp. ZE01 with collection number of CGMCC NO.10375 was provided. But the strain does not utilize citric acids, does not generate hydrogen sulfide or indole and does not use sucrose, arabinose, rhamnose, melibiose, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol or amygdalin.
Abstract: The invention provides bacillus sp. ZE01 with collection number of CGMCC NO.10375. The strain is gram-positive bacillus sp. A bacterial colony is milk white and has a dry surface, wrinkles and neat edges. Through VP, gelatinase and glucose oxidation experiments, the strain is positive. Through beta-galactosidase, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, tryptophan deiminase and urease experiments, the strain is negative. The strain does not utilize citric acids, does not generate hydrogen sulfide or indole and does not utilize sucrose, arabinose, rhamnose, melibiose, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol or amygdalin. The growth temperature of the strain ranges from 15 DEG C to 45 DEG C, the growth pH of the strain ranges from 5 to 9 and the NaCl concentration for growth of the strain ranges from 0% to 8%. The invention also discloses a method for generating cold temperature-amylase by utilizing the strain ZE01. The cold temperature-amylase has extensive application prospects in the fields of feeds, environmental protection, and the like.

Patent
24 Jun 2015
TL;DR: The alpha-galactosidase AgaAHJ8 as mentioned in this paper has favorable salt resistance and proteinase resistance, and can hydrolyze melibiose, raffinose and guar gum.
Abstract: The invention discloses a salt-resistant proteinase-resistant alpha-galactosidase AgaAHJ8 and a gene thereof. The invention provides an alpha-galactosidase AgaAHJ8 of which the amino acid sequence is disclosed as SEQ ID NO.1, a gene agaAHJ8 for coding the alpha-galactosidase, a recombinant vector comprising the gene, and a recombinant strain comprising the gene. The alpha-galactosidase can maintain the enzyme activity at 72% above when the pH value is 4.0-8.0. The optimum temperature is 50 DEG C, and the alpha-galactosidase is stable at 37 DEG C. The alpha-galactosidase has favorable salt resistance and proteinase resistance, and can hydrolyze melibiose, raffinose and guar gum. The alpha-galactosidase AgaAHJ8 is applicable to the field of processing of high-salt food and marine products, and is especially applicable to fermentation of high-salt food (such as high-salt diluted soy sauce).