Showing papers on "Mental health published in 1970"

The early growth of logic in the child;: Classification and seriation,

Abstract: Developmental and child psychology remains a vital area of modern psychology. This comprehensive set covers a broad spectrum of developmental issues, from the psychology of the infant, the family, abilities and disabilities, children's art, imagination, play, speech, mental development, perception, intelligence, mental health and education. In looking at areas which continue to be very important today, these volumes provide a fascinating look at how approaches and attitudes to children have changed over the years. The set includes nine volumes by key development psychologist Jean Piaget, as well as titles by Charlotte Buhler and Susan Isaacs.

The Encyclopedia of mental health

Abstract: THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MENTAL HEALTH , THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MENTAL HEALTH , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران

The psychiatric status schedule. A technique for evaluating psychopathology and impairment in role functioning.

Abstract: THE numerous rating scales, inventories, and forms developed over the last two decades for evaluating psychiatric patients are designed primarily for detecting and recording psychopathological signs and symptoms appropriate for the evaluation of inpatients, and consequently give little, if any, attention to impairment in role functioning. Furthermore, the existing instruments generally do not assess alcoholism, drug addiction, and psychopathic behavior, although individuals with disturbances in these areas represent a significant portion of the patients now being seen at community mental health centers. This lack of coverage of both role functioning and addictive or psychopathic behavior in the more commonly used rating scales also limits their usefulness in epidemiological studies. This paper describes the second edition of the Psychiatric Status Schedule (PSS), an instrument designed to overcome these limitations. Previous papers have described the use of the first edition in a computer program for psychiatric diagnosis, DIAGNO I,1and

Response to physical activity programs and their effects on health behavior.

Abstract: EVALUATION of the overall effectiveness of health programs concerned with disease prevention and health enhancement requires examination of the factors that influence response to such programs, as well as of the changes in health attitudes and behavior that they generate. We have given specific attention to these issues in regard to pr;ograms of supervised physical activity for middle-aged men considered at risk of coronary heart disease. Data were obtained as part of a collaborative research effort which included pilot studies at the Universities of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania State in 1966-68. These studies, supported by the Heart Disease and Stroke Control Program of the Public Health Service, were designed primarily to examine the relationship between physical activity and changes in cardiovascular risk. The research effort was coordinated by the Steering Committee on Co-operative Pilot Studies of Physical Activity and Coronary Heart Disease, comprised of Dr. Henry L. Taylor, chairman, Dr. Richard Remington, director of the statistical center, Dr. Ellsworth Buskirk, Dr. Bruno Balke, Dr. Samuel Fox III, Dr. Jeremiah Stamler, and Dr. Frederick Epstein. Dr. Taylor (Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis) and co-authors have prepared a report outlining the nature of this research effort, which includes a discussion of the physiological effects of the physical activity programs. The pilot studies provided an opportunity to systematically examine the factors influencing response to this kind of health program as well as the behavioral effects of participation. These issues were explored in line with a broader research focus dealing with determinants of health behavior and of health behavior change (1). The design of the pilot studies made it possible to examine these issues on a prospective and longitudinal basis. This type of research approach serves a necessary and useful function in expanding the body of social science theory and research data dealing with health behavior (2-4). The study groups included in this research effort were selected from a metropolitan community-Minneapolis, Minn.-and from university settings that included both faculty members and service employees-Madison, Wis., and College Park, Pa. All persons participating in the programs were sedentary men 45-59 years At the time of the study, Dr. Heinzelmann was chief of behavioral science activities and Mr. Bagley was a research assistant with the Heart Disease and Stroke Control Program, Regional Medical Pro,grams Service, Health Services and Mental Health Administration. Dr. Heinzelmann is now with the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Department of Justice. Mr. Bagley is currently employed in California.

Divorce and Its Psychiatric Sequelae in Children

Abstract: THERE has been a relative neglect of the study of divorce as a specific mental health issue in children's lives. This neglect is highlighted because of its obvious import for personality development and disturbance of that development on an individual basis, as well as from a sheer public health view of the incidence in our society, ie, over 6 million children of divorce are growing up in our midst today, with the steadily climbing divorce rate pouring forth more and more. Full study of the impact of divorce will require a variety of approaches, using both normal and disturbed children, focusing both on the immediate and later impact, and including particularly needed longitudinal studies. The host of influential variables involved will inevitably require a variety of different types of probes. The purposes of this report are to (1) examine statistically the characteristics of a group of children

Patterns of response among victims of rape.

Abstract: Thirteen young victims of rape were seen, in most instances within 48 hours, by a mental health team. Followup of each revealed a similar sequence of reactions, falling in three distinct phases. Understanding of this pattern permits the design of supportive mental health intervention.

Treatment Setting and Clinical Depression

Abstract: THE past half century has witnessed a marked expansion of mental health facilities in most countries of the world These trends have been particularly evident in the United States, crystallizing in the current community mental health movement Both quantitative and qualitative changes are under way in the patterns of mental health facilities Quantitatively, more clinics and inpatient units have opened and there are increased numbers of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals Qualitatively, there have been significant shifts in the patterns of mental health care New types of treatment facilities have been created, ie, day hospitals, family treatment clinics, community mental health centers, and emergency units These new developments have had, as a major goal, the creation of community alternatives to the large mental hospitals which prior to the turn of the century were the major facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill For

The importance of being modest

Abstract: In this chapter, we consider modesty and its importance. We begin by defining modesty, proceed to argue that being modest is hard work, and then lay out some reasons why this is so. Next, we make the case that modesty correlates with, and may even cause, several desirable outcomes—intrapersonal, interpersonal, and group. We conclude by attempting to reconcile the discrepancies between two empirical literatures, one suggesting that modesty entails social and mental health benefits, the other suggesting that self-enhancement does.

The nonprofessional revolution in mental health

Abstract: No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading the nonprofessional revolution in mental health is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.

Epidemic Shiga Bacillus Dysentery in Central America. II. Epidemiologic Studies in 1969

Abstract: Eugene J. Gangarosa, David R. Perera, Leonardo J. Mata, Cesar Mendizabal-Morris, Guillermo Guzman, and L. Barth Reller From the National Communicable Disease Center, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, and the Ministry of Public Health, Guatemala, Central America

The Organization of Role-Relationships: A Systematic Description

Abstract: Nunnally, Jim 1961 Popular Conceptions of Mental Health. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Pasamanick, Benjamin, Frank Scarpitti and Simon Dinitz 1967 Schizophrenics in the Community. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Phillips, Derek 1963 "Rejection: A possible consequence of seeking help for mental disorders." American Sociological Review 28:963-972. Sampson, Harold, Sheldon Messinger and Robert Towne 1961 "The mental hospital and marital family ties." Social Problems 9 (Fall):141-155. 1964 Schizoprenhic Women: Studies in Marital Crisis. New York: Atherton. Scheff, Thomas 1966 Being Mentally Ill. Chicago: Aldine. 1967 "Social conditions for rationality: How urban and rural courts deal with the mentally ill." Pp. 109-118 in Thomas Scheff (ed.), Mental Illness and Social Progress. New York: Harper and Row. 1968 "The societal reaction to deviance: Ascriptive elements in the psychiatric screening of mental patients in a Midwestern state." Pp. 276-290 in Stephen Spitzer and Norman Denzin (eds.), The Mental Patient. New York: McGraw-Hill. Schur, Edwin 1969 "Reactions to deviance: A critical assessment." American Journal of Sociology 75 (November) :309-322. Schwartz, Charlotte 1957 "Perspectives on deviance-Wives' definitions of their husbands' mental illness." Psychiatry 20:275-291. Star, Shirley 1961 The Dilemmas of Mental Illness Cited in the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. Action for Mental Health. Pp. 74-76. New York: Science Editions. State of Washington 1966 "Reference report." Department of Institutions. Wenger, Denis and C. Richard Fletcher 1969 "The effect of legal counsel on admissions to a state mental hospital: A confrontation of professions." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 10 (March):66-72. Wilde, William 1968 "Decision-making in a psychiatric screening agency." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 9 (September):215-221. Wing, J. K. 1962 "Institutionalism in mental hospitals." British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 1:38-51. Yarrow, Marion, Charlotte Schwartz, Harriet Murphy and Leila Deasy 1955 "The psychological meaning of mental illness in the family." The Journal of Social Issues XI, (No. 4):12-24.

Mental Health Research in Asia and the Pacific

Abstract: Pacific. Edited by William Caudill, PhD, and Tsung-yi Lin, MD. Price, $12.50. Pp 487. East-West Center Press, Honolulu 96822,1969. This volume is the result of a conference on mental health research in Asia and the Pacific held at the East-West Center, University of Hawaii, in 1966, at which a distinguished multidisciplinary group of investigators from Australasia, Europe, and North America explored such questions as how Asian countries had made use of Western psychiatric theories and techniques to understand similarities and differences in behavior in cross-cultural settings, as well as attempted to reach some agreement on common denominators in human behavior regardless of cultural differences. The editors, Dr. William Caudill, a social anthropologist, and Dr. Tsung-yi Lin, a psychiatric epidemiologist, both of whom participated in the conference, have done an admirable job of organizing the work of their colleagues (and keeping their opinions from intruding) into three topical sections which present the proceedings and discussion in such a way as to be most helpful and economical to the reader. The first section, entitled "Issues in the Identification and Study of Mental Illness," contains 14 papers which indicate a strong reliance on Western theory and techniques, particularly those of descriptive epidemiology, which makes this work seem similar to that produced about ten years ago in the West. In that sense it is dated, but it does have historical value. The paper by Dr. Yap, "The Culture-bound Reactive Syndromes," was of most interest to me in its attempt to view those "exotic syndromes" in terms of standard nosology. Some papers on shamanism were of value in adding to and modifying some of the previous data collected on local healing. The second section, entitled "Effects of Social Structure and Culture on Human Behavior," contains 12 papers, most of which attempt to explore cultural effects on the expression of impulse and affect, family organization and mental health or ill health, and social change and the perception of behavior disorder. The chapter on "Minori¬ ty Status and Deviancy in Japan" is correct insofar as minority status in certain situa¬ tions has a strong association with delin¬ quency as stated in the paper, but what that has to do with mental illness is not clear. The last section is composed of four pa¬ pers by commentators on the totality of the conference and the discussion generated. Dr. E. C. Wittkower gently states that the con¬ ferees have developed no methods to give valid information on the frequency of men¬ tal disorders in the East as compared to the West. He also notes that in Asia, much more than in the West, mental illness is precipi¬ tated and aggravated by infections and vita¬ min deficiency, but to an unknown degree. Last, he points out the other major defects of the research noted above. Dr. A. H. Leighton states that there is no oversimpli¬ fication or ready use of stereotypes which had characterized earlier cross-cultural re¬ search in this work. He then continues by carefully and usefully delineating a number of appropriate questions (stimulated by the work of this conference) and possible re¬ search strategies for seeking answers. Dr. L. Lynne summarizes the case of the family as

The Paranoid Style in American Politics an Essay Review

Abstract: Three attacks on social welfare measures are described and analyzed to see if the attacks possessed the attributes Richard Hofstadter uses in The Paranoid Style in American Politics. The attacks studied were those on the mental health program, beginning with the Alaska Mental Health Act; on the social security program, particularly in the attempt to block the confirmation of Wilbur J. Cohen; and on the public assistance program in Newburgh, New York. The paranoid style is defined as "a way of seeing the world and of expressing one's self" especially "with the way in which ideas are believed and advocated rather than with the truth or falsity of their content." Examination of materials produced by those engaged in the attacks led to the conclusion that the attacks on the mental health and social security programs did contain all the attributes of the paranoid style, and that the attacks on the public assistance program in Newburgh revealed a distorted style.

Mental Health Matters

Abstract: This chapter discusses the concept of mental well-being. People who enjoy this state have a certain degree of self-confidence springing from self-awareness. Such people will be socially integrated, with a balanced outlook on life that promotes their ability to withstand stress. They will be free from the need to distort reality and will have the ability to cope independently with most daily tasks. When stresses and tensions interrupt the balance of a person's life, he or she can become overwhelmed by anxieties, fears, depressed feelings, or by obsessional thoughts. A type of severe mental illness is known as schizophrenia, which is characterized by disordered thought. This is not a single illness but a general term used to describe the state of people whose speech and behavior appear to be disconnected with reality. Such people may suffer from hallucinations and think that they hear voices. In their speech, they may talk excitedly, jumping abruptly from subject to subject in such a way that the listener is unable to follow their train of thought. At other times, people with schizophrenia may appear sullen and morose and totally withdrawn from the environment. Some behave as if they were repeatedly threatened. They feel that they may be influenced by radio waves, electric currents, or cosmic rays. Medical knowledge of mental illness is not as easily categorized as is the knowledge of physical illness. It is harder to be specific in the diagnosis of the actual type of illness and to assess the effects of treatment.

Concepts and Terminology of Mental disorder Among Malays

Abstract: This paper presents the concepts and terminology of mental disorder as they emerged spontaneously from Malays, both urban and rural, of West Malaysia during nearly 2 years of interviewing and examining patients and nonpatients. Translated into a Western framework and summarized, the concepts are: heredity, periodicity, congenitality, brain strain, stress (including interpersonal), susceptibility, infection, contagion, delayed onset, conditioning, and resistance. The parallelism between these folk and modern concepts suggests certain universal bases and clues to labeling and treatment of mental disorders. The study revealed existence of a skeletal community mental health program.

The Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Saskatchewan Indians

Abstract: Indian communities in Saskatchewan are undergoing social changes as a result of rapid growth in populations and a closer contact with the non-Indian communities. The effect of such changes may be reflected in the nature and extent of the mental health problems among the Indian populations. This paper is an attempt to understand such problems in Saskatchewan. Analysis of hospital first-admission statistics at the North Battleford psychiatric institution, for the period from 1961 to 1966, showed that the Indian sample contained significantly higher numbers of schizophrenics and epileptics. These findings prompted an active case-finding survey for the first time in Canada in an arbitrarily defined geographical area which contained 18 rural municipalities (non-Indian) and ten Indian reserves. Analysis of the data revealed that the prevalence of mental disorder was significantly higher in the Indian communities. Furthermore, the Indian sample contained significantly higher numbers of schizophrenics and mental ...