Showing papers on "Meson published in 2000"

QCD forces and heavy quark bound states

Abstract: The present knowledge of QCD confining forces between static test charges is summarised, with an emphasis on lattice results. Recent developments in relating QCD potentials to quarkonium properties by use of effective field theory methods are presented. The validity of non-relativistic QCD and the adiabatic approximation with respect to heavy quark bound states is explored. Besides the static potential and relativistic correction terms, the spectra of glueballs and gluinoballs, hybrid excitations of the QCD flux tube between fundamental colour sources, potentials between charges in various representations of the SU(3) gauge group, and multi-particle interactions are discussed. Some implications for quarkonia systems and quark-gluon hybrid mesons are drawn.

Symmetry-breaking corrections to heavy-to-light B meson form factors at large recoil

Abstract: Recently it has been shown that symmetries emerging in the heavy quark and large recoil energy limit impose various relations on form factors that parametrise the decay of B mesons into light mesons. These symmetries are broken by perturbative effects. In this paper we discuss the structure of heavy-to-light form factors including such effects and compute symmetry-breaking corrections to first order in the strong coupling. As an application of our results we consider the forward-backward asymmetry zero in the rare decay B -> V l^+ l^- and the possibility to constrain potential new physics contributions to the Wilson coefficient C_9.

Quark structure of pseudoscalar mesons

Abstract: I review to which extent the properties of pseudoscalar mesons can be understood in terms of the underlying quark (and eventually gluon) structure. Special emphasis is put on the progress in our understanding of η–η′ mixing. Process-independent mixing parameters are defined, and relations between different bases and conventions are studied. Both, the low-energy description in the framework of chiral perturbation theory and the high-energy application in terms of light-cone wave functions for partonic Fock states, are considered. A thorough discussion of theoretical and phenomenological consequences of the mixing approach will be given. Finally, I will discuss mixing with other states (π0, ηc, …).

Weak form factors for heavy meson decays: An update

Abstract: We calculate the form factors for weak decays of B(s) and D(s) mesons to light pseudoscalar and vector mesons. To reveal the intimate connection between different decay modes and to be able to perform the calculations in the full physical q 2 region we use a relativistic dispersion approach based on the constituent quark picture. This approach gives the form factors as relativistic double spectral representations in terms of the wave functions of the initial and final mesons. The form factors have the correct analytical properties and satisfy general requirements of nonperturbative QCD in the heavy quark limit. The disadvantages of quark models related to ill-defined effective quark masses and not precisely known meson wave functions are reduced by fitting the quark model parameters to lattice QCD results for the B!r transition form factors at large momentum transfers and to the measured total D!(K,K*)ln decay rates. This allows us to predict numerous form factors for all kinematically accessible q 2 values.

What is the structure of the Roper resonance

Abstract: We investigate the structure of the nucleon resonance N^*(1440) (Roper) within a coupled-channel meson exchange model for pion-nucleon scattering. The coupling to pipiN states is realized effectively by the coupling to the sigmaN, piDelta and rhoN channels. The interaction within and between these channels is derived from an effective Lagrangian based on a chirally symmetric Lagrangian, which is supplemented by well known terms for the coupling of the Delta isobar, the omega meson and the 'sigma', which is the name given here to the strong correlation of two pions in the scalar-isoscalar channel. In this model the Roper resonance can be described by meson-baryon dynamics alone; no genuine N^*(1440) (3 quark) resonance is needed in order to fit piN phase shifts and inelasticities.

Inverse meson mass ordering in color flavor locking phase of high density QCD

Abstract: We derive the effective Lagrangian for the low-energy massive meson excitations of the color-flavor-locking (CFL) phase of QCD with three flavors of light quarks. We compute the decay constants, the maximum velocities, and the masses of the mesons at large baryon chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu}. The decay constants are linear in \ensuremath{\mu}. The meson maximum velocities are close to that of sound. The meson masses in the CFL phase are significantly smaller than in the normal QCD vacuum and depend only on bare quark masses. The order of the meson masses is, to some extent, reversed compared to that in the QCD vacuum. In particular, the lightest particle is ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\eta}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$.

π, K + , and K 0 electromagnetic form factors

Abstract: The rainbow truncation of the quark Dyson-Schwinger equation is combined with the ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation for the meson amplitudes and the dressed quark-photon vertex in a self-consistent Poincar\'e-invariant study of the pion and kaon electromagnetic form factors in impulse approximation. We demonstrate explicitly that the current is conserved in this approach and that the obtained results are independent of the momentum partitioning in the Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes. With model gluon parameters previously fixed by the chiral condensate, the pion mass and decay constant, and the kaon mass, the charge radii and spacelike form factors are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.

Elastic Photoproduction of J/psi and Upsilon Mesons at HERA

Abstract: Cross sections for elastic photoproduction of J/Psi and Upsilon mesons are presented. For J/Psi mesons the dependence on the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy W_gammap is analysed in an extended range with respect to previous measurements of 26<=W_gammap<= 285 GeV. The measured energy dependence is parameterized as sigma_gammap proportional W_gammap^delta with delta=0.83+-0.07. The differential cross section dsigma/dt for J/Psi mesons is derived, its dependence on W_gammap and on t is analysed and the effective trajectory (in terms of Regge theory) is determined to be alpha(t)=(1.27+-0.05)+(0.08+-0.17)*t/GeV^2. Models based on perturbative QCD and on pomeron exchange are compared to the data.

Using heavy quark spin symmetry in semileptonic B c decays

Abstract: The form factors parameterizing the B_c semileptonic matrix elements can be related to a few invariant functions if the decoupling of the spin of the heavy quarks in B_c and in the mesons produced in the semileptonic decays is exploited. We compute the form factors as overlap integral of the meson wave-functions obtained using a QCD relativistic potential model, and give predictions for semileptonic and non-leptonic B_c decay modes. We also discuss possible experimental tests of the heavy quark spin symmetry in B_c decays.

B_c Decays and Lifetime in QCD Sum Rules

Abstract: In the framework of three-point QCD sum rules, the form factors for the semileptonic decays of B_c --> B_s(B_s^*) l u are calculated with account for the Coulomb-like alpha_s/v-corrections in the heavy quarkonium The generalized relations due to the spin symmetry of HQET/NRQCD for the form factors are derived at the recoil momentum close to zero The nonleptonic decays are studied using the assumption on the factorization The B_c meson lifetime is estimated by summing up the dominating exclusive modes in the c --> s transition combining the current calculations with the previous analysis of b --> c decays in the sum rules of QCD and NRQCD

Physical Results from Unphysical Simulations

Abstract: We calculate various properties of pseudoscalar mesons in partially quenched QCD using chiral perturbation theory through next-to-leading order. Our results can be used to extrapolate to QCD from partially quenched simulations, as long as the latter use three light dynamical quarks. In other words, one can use unphysical simulations to extract physical quantities---in this case the quark masses, meson decay constants, and the Gasser-Leutwyler parameters ${L}_{4}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{8}.$ Our proposal for determining ${L}_{7}$ makes explicit use of an unphysical (yet measurable) effect of partially quenched theories, namely the double-pole that appears in certain two-point correlation functions. Most of our calculations are done for sea quarks having up to three different masses, except for our result for ${L}_{7},$ which is derived for degenerate sea quarks.

Radiative leptonic decays of B mesons in QCD

Abstract: We compute the form factors parametrizing radiative leptonic decays of heavy mesons B + → γe + ν for photon energies much larger thanQCD, where per- turbative QCD methods for exclusive processes can be combined with the heavy quark effective theory. The form factors can be reliably obtained in this region in an expansion in powers of �/Eγ. The leading term in this ex- pansion displays an additional spin symmetry manifested in the equality of form factors of vector and axial currents. The leading twist form factors can be written as the convolution of the B meson light-cone wave function with a hard scattering amplitude, which is explicitly calculated to one-loop order. The Sudakov double logarithms of the form ( αs π log 2 2E � ) n are resummed to all orders. As an application we present a method for determining the CKM ma- trix element |Vub| from a comparison of photon spectra in B and D radiative leptonic decays.

Measurement of J/ψ and ψ(2S) polarization in pp collisions at √ s = 1.8 Tev

Abstract: We have measured the polarization of J/psi and psi(2S) mesons produced in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.8 TeV, using data collected at the Collider Detector at Fermilab during 1992-1995. The polarization of promptly produced J/psi [psi(2S)] mesons is isolated from those produced in B-hadron decay, and measured over the kinematic range 4 [5.5]

Elastic Electroproduction of $\rho$ Mesons at HERA

Abstract: The elastic electroproduction of rho mesons is studied at HERA with the H1 detector for a photon virtuality in the range 1 Q^2 60 GeV^2 and for a hadronic centre of mass energy in the range 30 W 140 GeV. The shape of the pipi mass distribution in the rho resonance region is measured as a function of Q^2. The full set of rho spin density matrix elements is determined, and evidence is found for a helicity flip amplitude at the level of 8 +- 3 % of the non-flip amplitudes. Measurements are presented of the dependence of the cross section on Q^2, W and t (the four-momentum transfer squared to the proton). They suggest that, especially at large Q^2, the gamma^*p cross section develops a stronger W dependence than that expected from the behaviour of elastic and total hadron-hadron cross sections.

Dimuon and charm production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS

Abstract: Muon pair production in p-A, S-U and Pb-Pb collisions has been studied by the NA38 and NA50 collaborations at the CERN SPS. In this paper we present an analysis of the dimuon invariant mass region between the $\phi$ and the J/ $\psi$ . In p-A collisions we find that, after the subtraction of the combinatorial background due to $\pi$ and K decays, the superposition of dimuons from semi-leptonic decays of D mesons and from the Drell-Yan process reproduces well the measured mass and transverse momentum spectra. The yield of open charm dimuons required to fit our data leads to a charm production cross section in good agreement with previous measurements. A linear extrapolation of the p-A sources with the product of the mass numbers of the projectile and target nuclei, $A\times B$ , underestimates the dimuon yield measured in S-U and Pb-Pb collisions. The excess increases with the number of participant nucleons, and the ratio between the observed dimuon yield and the expected sources reaches a factor 2 for central Pb-Pb interactions. The kinematical distributions of the measured dimuon excess are compatible with those expected from the open charm contribution.

Heavy quark mass expansion and intrinsic charm in light hadrons

Abstract: We review the technique of heavy quark mass expansion of various operators made of heavy quark fields using a semiclassical approximation. It corresponds to an operator product expansion in the form of series in the inverse heavy quark mass. This technique applied recently to the axial current is used to estimate the charm content of the \eta, \eta' mesons and the intrinsic charm contribution to the proton spin. The derivation of heavy quark mass expansion for Qbar \gamma_5 Q is given here in detail and the expansions of the scalar, vector and tensor current and of a contribution to the energy-momentum tensor are presented as well. The obtained results are used to estimate the intrinsic charm contribution to various observables.

Interference in Exclusive Vector Meson Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Abstract: Photons emitted from the electromagnetic elds of relativistic heavy ions can fluctuate into quark anti-quark pairs and scatter from a target nucleus, emerging as vector mesons. These coherent interactions are identiable by nal states consisting of the two nuclei and av ector meson with as mall transverse momentum. The emitters and targets can switch roles, and the two possibilities are indistinguishable, so interference may occur. Vector mesons are negative parity so the amplitudes have opposite signs. When the meson transverse wavelength is larger than the impact parameter, the interference is large and destructive. The short-lived vector mesons decay before amplitudes from the two sources can overlap, and so cannot interfere directly. However, the decay products are emitted in an entangled state, and the interference depends on observing the complete nal state. The non-local wave function is an example of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.

Insight into the Scalar Mesons from a Lattice Calculation

Abstract: We study the possibility that the light scalar mesons are (qbar qbar q q) states rather than (qbar q). We perform a lattice QCD calculation of pseudoscalar meson scattering amplitudes, ignoring quark loops and quark annihilation, and find indications that for sufficiently heavy quarks there is a stable four-quark bound state with J^{PC}=0^{++} and non-exotic flavor quantum numbers.

Hadronic off-shell width of meson resonances

Abstract: Within the resonance chiral effective theory we study the dressed propagators of the spin-1 fields, which arise from a Dyson-Schwinger resummation perturbatively constructed from loop diagrams with absorptive contributions in the s channel. We apply the procedure to the vector pion form factor and elastic $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering to obtain the off-shell width of the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ meson. We adopt a definition of the off-shell width of spin-1 meson resonances that satisfies the requirements of analyticity, unitarity, chiral symmetry, and asymptotic behavior ruled by QCD. To satisfy these constraints the resummation procedure cannot consist only of self-energy diagrams. Our width definition is shown to be independent of the formulation used to describe the spin-1 meson resonances.

Production of Upsilon(1S) mesons from chi(b) decays in pp collisions at sqrt

Abstract: We have reconstructed the radiative decays chi(b)(1P)-->Upsilon(1S)gamma and chi(b)(2P)-->Upsilon(1S)gamma in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.8 TeV, and measured the fraction of Upsilon(1S) mesons that originate from these decays. For Upsilon(1S) mesons with p(Upsilon)(T)>8.0 GeV/c, the fractions that come from chi(b)(1P) and chi(b)(2P) decays are [27.1+/-6.9(stat)+/-4. 4(syst)]% and [10.5+/-4.4(stat)+/-1.4(syst)]%, respectively. We have derived the fraction of directly produced Upsilon(1S) mesons to be [50.9+/-8.2(stat)+/-9.0(syst)]%.

Chiral unitary model for the kaonic atom

Abstract: We study kaonic atoms over the periodic table using a kaon self-energy in the nuclear medium derived from the SU(3) chiral unitary model. This model is quite successful in reproducing the scattering amplitude of meson meson and the strangeness $S=\ensuremath{-}1$ meson baryon reactions. In particular the properties of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}(1405)$ resonance are well reproduced. In the nuclear medium the properties of this resonance are appreciably modified, and consequently the kaon nucleon scattering amplitudes, leading to an attractive kaon nucleus self-energy for densities higher than ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}/25.$ With this interaction we are able to reproduce shifts and widths of kaonic atoms over the periodic table. We also investigate the region of deeply bound kaonic nuclear states which appear with very large widths in medium and heavy nuclei. Some of the deep atomic states, still unobserved, appear with narrower widths than the separation between levels, which makes them eligible for experimental observation. To this end, we make some estimates of the rates of formation in the ${(K}^{\ensuremath{-}},\ensuremath{\gamma})$ reaction.

Dilepton spectra from decays of light unflavored mesons

Abstract: The invariant mass spectrum of the $e^{+}e^{-}$ and $\mu ^{+}\mu ^{-}$ pairs from decays of light unflavored mesons with masses below the $\phi (1020)$-meson mass to final states containing along with a dilepton pair one photon, one meson, and two mesons are calculated within the framework of the effective meson theory. The results can be used for simulations of the dilepton spectra in heavy-ion collisions and for experimental searches of dilepton meson decays.