Showing papers on "Meta Data Services published in 2004"

Metadata creation system for mobile images

Abstract: The amount of personal digital media is increasing, and managing it has become a pressing problem. Effective management of media content is not possible without content-related metadata. In this paper we describe a content metadata creation process for images taken with a mobile phone. The design goals were to automate the creation of image content metadata by leveraging automatically available contextual metadata on the mobile phone, to use similarity processing algorithms for reusing shared metadata and images on a remote server, and to interact with the mobile phone user during image capture to confirm and augment the system supplied metadata. We built a prototype system to evaluate the designed metadata creation process. The main findings were that the creation process could be implemented with current technology and it facilitated the creation of semantic metadata at the time of image capture.

Dynamic Metadata Management for Petabyte-Scale File Systems

Abstract: In petabyte-scale distributed file systems that decouple read and write from metadata operations, behavior of the metadata server cluster will be critical to overall system performance and scalability. We present a dynamic subtree partitioning and adaptive metadata management system designed to efficiently manage hierarchical metadata workloads that evolve over time. We examine the relative merits of our approach in the context of traditional workload partitioning strategies, and demonstrate the performance, scalability and adaptability advantages in a simulation environment.

Method and System for Managing Metadata

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing metadata are described. The method comprises steps of receiving a request from an application to access a metadata attribute corresponding to a piece of content, determining whether the application is authorized to access the metadata attribute, retrieving the metadata attribute upon determining that the application is authorized to access the metadata attribute, and transmitting the metadata attribute to the application. A metadata storage medium may be accessed and searched for the metadata attribute. A system for associating content data, context data, and an event is also described. The system allows for a user to search for content data based upon context data. Another method for associating data is described. The method includes steps of initiating a mufti-media call session, initiating an application independent of the mufti-media call session, and associating collected metadata from the application and the mufti-media call session.

Integrating and enhancing searching of media content and biometric databases

Abstract: The digital era is creating problems with identity and content theft. The solutions require searching different databases containing similar data. The novel method demonstrates how to search these different databases for similar information via TransMetaWarp routers and/or databases. Embodiments provide different balances of security and privacy issues, such as search-only TransMetaWarp routers and master TransMetaWarp databases. The system is applicable to biometrics for identity cards, such as drivers' licenses, as well as metadata, such as content title, creator information, and tour information, or content identification for entertainment content.

Internet streaming media workflow architecture

Abstract: A method and system for utilizing metadata to search for media, such as multimedia and streaming media, includes searching for the media, receiving results, extracting metadata associated with the media, enhancing the extracted metadata, and grouping the search results in accordance with attributes of the enhanced metadata. Enhancing and grouping include adding related metadata to the database of metadata, iteratively using metadata to search for more media related data, removing duplicate URLs, collapsing URLs that are variants of each other, and masking out superfluous terms from URLs. The resultant metadata and media files are available to users and search engines.

Metadata management: past, present and future

Abstract: In the past, metadata has always been a second-class citizen in the world of databases and data warehouses. Its main purpose has been to define the data. However, the current emphasis on metadata in the data warehouse and software repository communities has elevated it to a new prominence. The organization now needs metadata for tool integration, data integration and change management. The paper presents a chronological account of this evolution—both from conceptual and management perspectives. Repository concepts are currently being used to manage metadata for tool integration and data integration. As a final chapter in this evolution process, we point out the need of a concept called “metadata warehouse.” A real-life data warehouse project called TAMUS Information Portal (TIP) is used to describe the types of metadata needed in a data warehouse and the changes that the metadata go through. We propose that the metadata warehouse needs to be designed to store the metadata and manage its changes. We propose several architectures that can be used to develop a metadata warehouse.

Metadata Extraction and Harvesting: A Comparison of Two Automatic Metadata Generation Applications

Abstract: This research explores the capabilities of two Dublin Core automatic metadata generation applications, Klarity and DC-dot. The top level Web page for each resource, from a sample of 29 resources obtained from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), was submitted to both generators. Results indicate that extraction processing algorithms can contribute to useful automatic metadata generation. Results also indicate that harvesting metadata from META tags created by humans can have a positive impact on automatic metadata generation. The study identifies several ways in which automatic metadata generation applications can be improved and highlights several important areas of research. The conclusion is that integrating extraction of harvesting methods will be the best approach to creating optimal metadata, and more research is needed to identify when to apply which method.

Quality assurance for digital learning object repositories: issues for the metadata creation process

Abstract: Metadata enables users to find the resources they require, therefore it is an important component of any digital learning object repository. Much work has already been done within the learning technology community to assure metadata quality, focused on the development of metadata standards, specifications and vocabularies and their implementation within repositories. The metadata creation process has thus far been largely overlooked. There has been an assumption that metadata creation will be straightforward and that where machines cannot generate metadata effectively, authors of learning materials will be the most appropriate metadata creators. However, repositories are reporting difficulties in obtaining good quality metadata from their contributors, and it is becoming apparent that the issue of metadata creation warrants attention. This paper surveys the growing body of evidence, including three UK-based case studies, scopes the issues surrounding human-generated metadata creation and identifies questions for further investigation. Collaborative creation of metadata by resource authors and metadata specialists, and the design of tools and processes, are emerging as key areas for deeper research. Research is also needed into how end users will search learning object repositories. DOI: 10.1080/0968776042000211494

Grid-based metadata services

Abstract: Data sets being managed in grid environments today are growing at a rapid rate, expected to reach 100s of petabytes in the near future. Managing such large data sets poses challenges for efficient data access, data publication and data discovery. In this paper we focus on the data publication and discovery process through the use of descriptive metadata. This metadata describe the properties of individual data items and collections. We discuss issues of metadata services in service rich environments, such as the grid. We describe the requirements and the architecture for such services in the context of grid and the available grid services. We present a data model that can capture the complexity of the data publication and discovery process. Based on that model we identify a set of interfaces and operations that need to be provided to support metadata management. We present a particular implementation of a grid metadata service, basing it on existing grid services technologies. Finally we examine alternative implementations of that service.

Metadata Quality for Federated Collections

Abstract: This paper presents early results from our empirical studies of metadata quality in large corpuses of metadata harvested under Open Archives Initiative (OAI) protocols. Along with some discussion of why and how metadata quality is important, an approach to conceptualizing, measuring, and assessing metadata quality is presented. The approach given in this paper is based on a more general model of information quality (IQ) for many kinds of information beyond just metadata. A key feature of the general model is its ability to condition quality assessments by context of information use, such as the types of activities that use the information, and the typified norms and values of relevant information-using communities. The paper presents a number of statistical characterizations of analyzed samples of metadata from a large corpus built as part of the Institute of Museum and Library Services Digital Collections and

Mobile media metadata for mobile imaging

Abstract: Camera phones offer a new platform for digital imaging that integrates capture, programmable processing, networking, and rich user interaction capabilities. This platform can support software that leverages the spatio-temporal context and social community of image capture and (re)use to infer media content. Our mobile media metadata prototype (MMM) uses a small custom client on the camera phone and its XHTML browser along with a metadata server to enable annotation at the time of image capture, leverage contextual metadata and networked metadata resources, and use iterative metadata refinement on the mobile imaging device.

Software application development environment facilitating development of a software application

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for developing a software application including the step of creating a software application having one or more classes, each class comprising one or more metadata describing characteristics defining the class. The method also includes the step of enabling any number of additional metadata to be added to the metadata of the class to facilitate the development of the software application. Also, the metadata and the additional metadata are organized in a tabular fashion.

Metadata: For Information Management and Retrieval

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Describing and expressing metadata 3. Standards and data models 4. Purpose i: Resource description 5. Purpose ii: Information retrieval 6. Purpose iii: Management of information 7. Purpose iv: Rights management, ownership and authenticity 8. Purpose v: Interoperability and e-commerce 9. Managing metadata 10. Looking forward - the future.

Digital Interactive TV and Metadata: Future Broadcast Multimedia

Abstract: Contents Part I Theory 1 New Paradigms in Broadcast Multimedia 1.1 Comparison of Classic, Analog and Modern, Digital TV 1.2 First Thoughts about Metadata in Broadcast Multimedia 1.3 Basic Definitions 1.4 Structure of the Book 2 World of Digital Interactive TV 2.1 Broadcast Multimedia 2.1.1 MPEG-2 2.1.2 DVB 2.1.3 MHP 2.1.4 Emerging DVB Standardization Efforts 2.1.5 ATSC-DASE and Open Cable 2.1.6 ISDB-BML 2.1.7 Adoption of the Standards 2.2 Digital TV Asset Life-Cycle 2.3 Examples of Digital TV Value-Added Services 2.3.1 Electronic Program Guide (EPG) 2.3.2 Information Portal 2.3.3 Pay-per-View (PpV) 2.3.4 Video-on-Demand (VoD) 2.3.5 Education 2.3.6 Shopping 2.3.7 Games 2.3.8 Standard Internet Services 2.3.9 Communication 2.3.10 Community Services 2.3.11 Government 2.3.12 Health 2.3.13 Finance and Banking 3 Metadata Fundamentals and Concepts 3.1 Digital TV Metadata Life-Cycle 3.2 Theoretical Foundations of Metadata 3.2.1 Metadata Tier Model 3.2.2 Theory behind the W3C Metadata De.nition Family 3.2.3 Practical Example 3.3 W3C Metadata Families 3.3.1 Overview of the W3C Metadata Families 3.3.2 XML 3.3.3 XML schema 3.4 MPEG-7 - Multimedia Content Description Interface 3.4.1 Overview 3.4.2 MPEG-7 Metadata De.nitions 3.4.3 Basic Elements and Schema Tools 3.4.4 Annotating Multimedia Assets 3.4.5 Grouping Multimedia Assets: Content Organization 3.4.6 Managing Conventional Media Archive Information 3.4.7 Easy Navigation and Access 3.4.8 Personalization, User Interaction and Consumer Profiles 3.4.9 Audio Descriptors 3.4.10 Visual Descriptors 3.4.11 MPEG-7 Systems 3.5 MPEG-21 Packages Multimedia Assets 3.5.1 Perception of Multimedia Assets through DIs 3.5.2 Digital Item Declaration (DIDL) 3.5.3 Digital Item Adaptation 3.5.4 Road Ahead for MPEG-21 3.6 MHP and Metadata 3.6.1 'Metadata Way' of MHP 3.6.2 DVB-HTML 3.7 TV-Anytime 3.7.1 Personal Data Recorder 3.7.2 Content Reference Identifier (CRID) 3.7.3 Metadata Process Model 3.7.4 Metadata Definitions 3.7.5 Broadcast Channel Aspects 3.7.6 Feedback Channel Aspects 3.8 SMPTE Metadata De.nitions 3.8.1 SMPTE Metadata Dictionary (Content & Structure) 3.8.2 Universal Material Identifier (UMID) 3.8.3 Key-Length-Value (KLV) 3.9 Advanced Authoring Format (AAF) 3.10 General Exchange Format (GXF) 3.11 Material eXchange Format (MXF) 3.12 EBU's P/META Metadata Exchange Scheme 3.13 Converging Broadcasting Metadata Standards 4 Digital Broadcast Item Model (DBIM) 4.1 Purpose and Objectives 4.2 Unified Life-Cycle and Work.ow Model 4.2.1 Example: Converging TV-Anytime and DBIM Work Flows 4.3 Architectural Components - A More Detailed View 4.3.1 DBIM Metadata Building Blocks 4.3.2 Metadata Protocol Stack - Linkage Metadata Definitions 4.3.3 Service Architecture 4.3.4 Metadata Protocol Stack 4.4 DBIM Metadata Structures 4.4.1 Basic Tools 4.4.2 Multimedia Asset Tools 4.4.3 Object Tools 4.4.4 Service Tools 4.4.5 Narrative Tools 4.4.6 Vertical Tools 4.5 Digital Broadcast Item (DBI) 4.6 Dynamic DBI Process Model 4.6.1 Different Item Types in the Metadata Life-Cycle 4.6.2 DBO Phases 5 Metadata System View 5.1 Characteristics of the Linkage Tier 5.2 Metadata-Based Service Architecture 5.2.1 Logical Feedback Channel Architecture 5.2.2 Logical Broadcast Channel Architecture 5.3 Metadata Protocol Stack 5.3.1 Abstract Metadata Protocol Stack Model 5.3.2 Internet Protocol Suite 5.3.3 Transmitting Metadata over Broadcast Channel Protocols 5.3.4 Communication Modes on Application Layer Protocol Suites 5.3.5 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 5.3.6 Streaming Binary XML -

Improving metadata quality: augmentation and recombination

Abstract: Digital libraries have, in the main, adopted the traditional library notion of the metadata "record" as the basic unit of management and exchange. Although this simplifies the harvest and re-exposure of metadata, it limits the ability of metadata aggregators to improve the quality of metadata and to share specifics of those improvements with others. The National Science Digital Library (NSDL) is exploring options for augmenting harvested metadata and re-exposing the augmented metadata to downstream users with detailed information on how it was created and by whom. The key to this augmentation process involves changing the basic metadata unit from "record" to "statement."

Composing lineage metadata with XML for custom satellite-derived data products

Abstract: As peer-to-peer dissemination of custom data products evolves among Earth science research groups, investigators and data managers must consider how to compose appropriate metadata for their research computing activities. Because workflows may span multiple groups, it is critical that lineage (provenance) metadata also be assembled to document and preserve the origins and processing history of constituent data products and transformations for future data consumers. To demonstrate methods for composing lineage metadata for custom processing, we introduce our terminology for workflow and employ a case study for the creation of satellite-derived ocean color data products. Our example contributes to a general metadata model for workflow that incorporates lineage. We then discuss metadata requirements for remote sensing-related data products. We propose two techniques for composing lineage metadata, both based on accessory XML metadata documents that are paired with the data products and versioned data transformations they describe. The first technique, implemented as a prototype, features a dedicated lineage server that introduces the indirection and flexibility necessary for Web-based lineage navigation. The second, more promising technique involves defining a simple Resource Description Framework (RDF) vocabulary for lineage metadata, and using extant RDF/XML tools for query and navigation. These methods provide guidelines for composing lineage metadata that are applicable to other domains.

Metadata quality evaluation: experience from the open language archives community

Abstract: We describe the motivation, design and implementation of an infrastructure to support metadata quality assessment within a specialised Open Archives Initiative (OAI) sub-domain, the Open Language Archives Community (OLAC). While services for structural validation of metadata are widely used, there is little corresponding work regarding services which evaluate the semantic and syntactic content of metadata from a qualitative perspective. We posit that any measure of metadata quality benefits from both contextual and referential assessment – metadata on a per record and per collection basis is legitimately assessed against the baseline of broader community practice, as well as for compliance to any external standard. In this paper we describe the implementation of a metadata quality assessment scheme, and the corresponding interfaces to the evaluation tool.

Educational metadata for mobile learning

Abstract: We propose an educational metadata schema for use with mobile learning. The development of metadata schemas has been at the core of the learning technology standardisation process. These proposals have been aimed at conventional elearning on a desktop computer in a formal training and teaching environment. Our aim has been to specify a metadata schema, based on the existing IEEE Learning Object Metadata and IMS Learner Information Profile standards, to cover mobile and informal learning scenarios. In this paper we describe the design process of the Mobile Learning Metadata (MLM) schema; we explain the new fields and structures introduced or amended with the reasons behind them.

Method and apparatus for building metadata driven software development kit

Abstract: A metadata driven software development system provides various functionalities related to an entity of an application in the metadata format. Specifically, the system provides a set of base classes related to the entity and a set of methods and application programming interfaces for various operations to be performed on the entities in the metadata format. Defining such functionalities in the metadata format allows the system to dynamically generate XML messages matching any customized schema for that entity. Because such functionality is metadata driven, this system can be used with customized versions of the application without requiring any additional code or recompilation.

Clipboard content and document metadata collection

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for the collection and storing of information relating to a document captured in a copy-and-paste operation of a word processing application, spreadsheet, presentation processing software or other application that provides copy-and-paste functionality. A clipboard interface collects and stores information, or “metadata,” relating to a selected document or portion of a document. Once the metadata collection system gathers information corresponding to particular captured content, the system stores the information as metadata so that the user or a subsequent user of the destination document can, when necessary, access the metadata associated with the source document. Metadata is stored either within the destination document or in another document that can be correlated with the destination document.

Enhancing SCORM Metadata for Assessment Authoring in E-Learning

Abstract: With the rapid development of distance learning and the XML technology, metadata play an important role in e-Learning. Nowadays, many distance learning standards, such as SCORM, AICC CMI, IEEE LTSC LOM and IMS, use metadata to tag learning materials. However, most metadata models are used to define learning materials and test problems. Few metadata models are dedicated to assessment. In this paper, the authors propose an assessment metadata model for e-Learning operations. With support from assessment metadata, we can incorporate measured aspects of the following list into the metadata description at the question cognition level, the item difficulty index, the item discrimination index, the questionnaire style and the question style. The assessment analysis model provides analytical suggestions for individual questions, summary of test results and cognition analysis. Analytical suggestions provide teachers information about why a question is not appropriate. Summary of test results improves the teacher's view of student learning status immediately. Items missing from the teaching materials can be identified by cognition analysis. In this research, the authors propose an enhanced metadata model and an implemented system based on our model. With metadata support, metadata can help teachers in authoring examination.

Table-oriented application development environment

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for developing a software application including the step of creating a software application having one or more classes, each class comprising one or more metadata describing characteristics defining the class. The method also includes the step of enabling any number of additional metadata to be added to the metadata of the class to facilitate the development of the software application. Also, the metadata and the additional metadata are organized in a tabular fashion.

Content identification, personal domain, copyright notification, metadata and e-Commerce

Abstract: Piracy of digital content is currently a large problem. Copyright notification and sales of metadata can help counteract the problem. The novel solution shows different methods to provide copyright notification and sell metadata, such as including identification of the content (via digital watermarks, fingerprints, or header data) and a personal domain. Metadata is ideal to sell since it is dynamic, and, thus, is accessed from a master server.

Metadata journal for information technology systems

Abstract: The metadata journal service records changes to an information system through client devices that send changes made to objects for recording in a server. A client calls the server when a metadata event is raised. A metadata event may be raised when an object is modified, created, or deleted. The client sends the object identifier of object involved in the metadata event to the server, along with schema objects and operations associated with the object. The server generates a unique key for the metadata event, and stores the objects along with their associated schema objects and operations in the metadata journal. The journal may be searched and queried to provide metadata analysis, such as lineage or impact analysis for an object in the system.

Making metadata go away: hiding everything but the benefits

Abstract: In this paper, we argue that, in order to facilitate the ubiquitous uptake of metadata, and in order to realize their potential for advanced flexible end user functionalities, the metadata should become more transparent to the end user. We also argue that we are technically capable of realizing this goal, and illustrate the issues involved with some practical examples.

Method for assisting in automated conversion of data and associated metadata

Abstract: An exemplary method for the automated, or semi-automated, conversion or reconciliation of metadata from one form into another, includes one or more of: a) identifying data elements and their associated metadata in electronic file(s); b) transforming this metadata into an intermediate metadata format for later use in production of new metadata structure(s); c) developing bodies of re-usable rules for the transformation or mapping of data sets encoded using one set of metadata into another data set encoded using a different set of metadata; d) developing bodies of re-usable metadata sets and rules for the transformation or mapping of metadata into an intermediate metadata structure; e) developing of bodies of re-usable metadata sets and rules for the transformation or mapping of metadata of an intermediate metadata structure into new metadata structure(s); and f) an efficient method for capture of conversion and validation rules.

System and method for collection and conversion of document sets and related metadata to a plurality of document/metadata subsets

Abstract: The system and method for collecting and converting documents sets and related metadata accepts a file or set of files that represent the content of a work and collects and manages metadata associated with that work. The system then automatically converts the work into a variety of different output formats, including embedding or attaching necessary metadata, and distributes it to other internal or external organizations (like wholesalers or retailers) along with any further metadata required by the recipient organization.

Repurposing MARC metadata: using digital project experience to develop a metadata management design

Abstract: Metadata and information technology staff in libraries that are building digital collections typically extract and manipulate MARC metadata sets to provide access to digital content via non‐MARC schemes. Metadata processing in these libraries involves defining the relationships between metadata schemes, moving metadata between schemes, and coordinating the intellectual activity and physical resources required to create and manipulate metadata. Actively managing the non‐MARC metadata resources used to build digital collections is something most of these libraries have only begun to do. This article proposes strategies for managing MARC metadata repurposing efforts as the first step in a coordinated approach to library metadata management. Guided by lessons learned from Cornell University library mapping and transformation activities, the authors apply the literature of data resource management to library metadata management and propose a model for managing MARC metadata repurposing processes through the implementation of a metadata management design.

Metadata Broadcasting for Personalized Service: A Practical Solution

Abstract: As the number of broadcasting channels and programs increases rapidly, the importance of personalized service has been emphasized. In this paper, we propose a practical framework of metadata broadcasting to provide personalized service according to user preferences and various terminal/network conditions. First, we present an overall system architecture of a metadata broadcasting system and then propose several core technologies (particularly in the parts of metadata authoring, metadata encoding, and metadata-based personalized content consumption). For interoperability, the proposed solution is designed to be compliant with the relevant standards of the TV-Anytime Forum, MPEG-7 Systems, and MPEG-2 Systems. Considering a home network environment, we also propose a metadata-based content adaptation scheme. Each component technology has been implemented individually, integrated into an end-to-end prototype broadcasting system, and successfully tested with a set of personalized service scenarios that are also developed in this study.